Onogurs
Patria Onoguria, referred to as such by Agathius, Priscus Rhetor, Zacharias Rhetor, and Pseudo-Zecharias Rhetor, was a Hunno-Bulgar state around the Sea of Azov granted by Byzantium to the Onogurs in the 460s AD when, led by Attila's sons Dengizich and Ernakh, they overran Karadach's Akatziroi already settled in the region within the larger context of the Great Migrations and the Turkic expansion. From the 5th to 8th century this was the kingdom of the Hunugur/Onogur/Unogur Crimean Huns, a horde of equestrian nomads in the North Eurasian steppe east of the Don River (Russia) who became known as Utigur Bulgars under Sandilch after they were annexed by the Onoq.
According to the Rhetors, the Hunugurs/Onogurs/Unogurs crossed the Volga and entered into Europe around the year 463 having been attacked (along with the Saragur and Ugor) by the Sabirs who in turn had been attacked by the Uar.
Etymology
The name Onogur is most often analysed as On-Oğuz "ten (tribes of the) Oğuz". In older "Oghur" Turkic languages, On~Ono means "10" and Gar~Gurs~Gur means "tribes", so Onogurs means "People of 10 tribes". Alternative suggestions have connected the Onogurs with the polity of the Western Turkic Kaghanate as the "People of 10 Arrows" (On-oq-ar), the Utigurs, and the Adygers.
Decline of Patria Onoguria
Towards the close of Patria Onoguria's Old Great Bulgaria period, the Onoguri moved their base to Transylvania in 677AD according to the Vienna Chronicle. This coincides with Batbayan and Kotrag's Kazarigs expelling their Utigur allies Kuber and Asparukh south from Pannonia into the Balkans. The Onogur-Kazarig alliance lasted until the latter half of the 9th century when the Magyars led an alliance of secession from the Khazars. The name of Hungary and the name of the Hungarian people arrive in Pannonia at this time deriving from the term Hunuguria/Onoguria/Unoguria,[1] because in the western European languages the Hungarians (Magyars) are called Onogurs (e.g. Ungarn, Hongrie, Hongar, Ungherese).[1] In the 890s AD, the Magyars seceeded Pannonia from the same Onogur tribal alliance .[1] Later Hungarian Chronicles still refer to the lands of the eastern Kazarigs in Patria Onoguria as Magna Hunuguria immediately prior to the Mongol invasions. The Hongirad still form a major part of the Middle Juz in the modern Kazakh nation.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Peter F. Sugar, ed. (1990-11-22). A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-253-20867-5. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
