Olyokminsk
| Olyokminsk (English) Олёкминск (Russian) Өлүөхүмэ (Sakha) | |
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- Town[1] - Town under district jurisdiction[1] | |
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_Republic_(2008-03).svg.png) Location of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia | |
  Olyokminsk | |
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| Administrative status (as of June 2009) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic[1] |
| Administrative district | Olyokminsky District[1] |
| Town | Olyokminsk[1] |
| Administrative center of | Olyokminsky District,[1] Town of Olyokminsk[1] |
| Municipal status (as of April 2012) | |
| Municipal district | Olyokminsky Municipal District[2] |
| Urban settlement | Olyokminsk Urban Settlement[2] |
| Administrative center of | Olyokminsky Municipal District,[3] Olyokminsk Urban Settlement[2] |
| Head[citation needed] | Semyon Fedulov[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 9,494 inhabitants[4] |
| Time zone | YAKT (UTC+10:00)[5] |
| Founded | 1636[citation needed] |
| Town status since | 1783[citation needed] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 41138[citation needed] |
Olyokminsk (Russian: Олёкминск, IPA: [ɐˈlʲɵkmʲɪnsk]; Sakha: Өлүөхүмэ, Ölüöxümə) is a town and the administrative center of Olyokminsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Lena River, 651 kilometers (405 mi) southwest of Yakutsk. Population: 9,494 (2010 Census);[4] 10,003 (2002 Census);[6] 11,478 (1989 Census).[7]
History
It was founded as an ostrog by the Cossacks led by Pyotr Beketov in 1636, sited on the left bank of the Lena opposite the mouth of the Olyokma River.[citation needed] The outpost was later moved a few kilometers upstream, to a location less prone to flooding in spring.
As the junction for river traffic on the Lena and Olyokma, the settlement was the base for Russian expeditions further east and eventually became a trade center on the river route to Yakutsk. Town status was granted to it in 1783.[citation needed]
Decembrists Nikolay Chishov and Andrey Andreyev were exiled here.
During World War II, an airfield was built here for the Alaska-Siberian (ALSIB) air route used to ferry American Lend-Lease aircraft to the Eastern Front.[8]
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Olyokminsk serves as the administrative center of Olyokminsky District.[1] As an inhabited locality, Olyokminsk is classified as a town under district jurisdiction.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated within Olyokminsky District as the Town of Olyokminsk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Olyokminsk is incorporated within Olyokminsky Municipal District as Olyokminsk Urban Settlement.[2]
Economy and infrastructure
Timber processing and a power plant are the focus of the town's economy, along with farming in the surrounding area.
Transportation
Olyokminsk is served by the Olyokminsk Airport (IATA: OLZ).
Culture and sights
The town is notable for a number of surviving pre-20th century wooden architecture, including the Alexander Nevsky Chapel (1891) and Cathedral of Our Savior (1860).
Climate
Olyokminsk has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters are bitterly cold with average temperatures from −34.6 to −26.6 °C (−30.3 to −15.9 °F) in January, while summers are mild with average temperatures from +12.0 to +24.8 °C (53.6 to 76.6 °F) in July. In the summer months of June, July, and August, it is not uncommon for temperatures to surpass +30 °C (86 °F) during the day. Precipitation is quite low and is significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year.
On August 6, 1986, Olyokminsk recorded its highest ever temperature of +37.7 °C (99.9 °F).[9] The record low for Olyokminsk was −60.1 °C (−76.2 °F) in 1907.[10] July is the only month when the temperature has never dropped below 0 °C (32 °F) and December is only month when temperature has never reached 0 °C (32 °F).
| Climate data for Olyokminsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.8 (37) |
1.0 (33.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
31.1 (88) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
6.1 (43) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
3.3 (37.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
22.2 (72) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
11.5 (52.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−0.18 (31.67) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −30.7 (−23.3) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
6.1 (43) |
−5.0 (23) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−29.9 (−21.8) |
−5.73 (21.68) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −34.6 (−30.3) |
−30.7 (−23.3) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−33.7 (−28.7) |
−11.02 (12.16) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −60.1 (−76.2) |
−57.6 (−71.7) |
−47.4 (−53.3) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−16.1 (3) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−32.1 (−25.8) |
−49.1 (−56.4) |
−57.2 (−71) |
−60.1 (−76.2) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 17 (0.67) |
11 (0.43) |
9 (0.35) |
10 (0.39) |
32 (1.26) |
39 (1.54) |
58 (2.28) |
50 (1.97) |
40 (1.57) |
21 (0.83) |
21 (0.83) |
18 (0.71) |
326 (12.83) |
| Avg. rainy days | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 5 | 0.1 | 0 | 85.3 |
| Avg. snowy days | 27 | 23 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 27 | 27 | 158.1 |
| % humidity | 80 | 79 | 71 | 60 | 57 | 63 | 69 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 82 | 80 | 72.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 38 | 116 | 211 | 249 | 268 | 295 | 308 | 241 | 152 | 93 | 60 | 17 | 2,048 |
| Source #1: pogoda.ru.net,[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[11] | |||||||||||||
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Law #173-Z #353-III
- ↑ Law #172-Z #351-III
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Igor Lebedev. Aviation Lend-Lease to Russia. Nova Publishers, 1997, pp. 44–49
- ↑ "Station Details: OLEKMINSK, RS, GHCND:RSM00024944". NOAA Climate Data Online. Retrieved June 10, 2013. (Select year to 1986, month to 8 and click "View Data" to verify)
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Weather And Climate - Climate Olekminsk" (in Russian). Retrieved January 20, 2013.
- ↑ "Climate Normals for Olekminsk". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
Sources
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №172-З №351-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №640-З №173-IV от 29 декабря 2008 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального района муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #172-Z No. 351-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #640-Z No. 173-IV of December 29, 2008 On Amending the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Municipal District Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Государственное Собрание (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия). Закон №173-З №353-III от 30 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)», в ред. Закона №1058-З №1007-IV от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Саха (Якутия) "Об установлении границ и о наделении статусом городского и сельского поселений муниципальных образований Республики Саха (Якутия)"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Якутия", №245, 31 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Law #173-Z No. 353-III of November 30, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as amended by the Law #1058-Z No. 1007-IV of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Law of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic "On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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