Ohlange High School

Ohlange High School is a secondary school in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was the first school in South Africa started by a black person. John Dube, the founder was also the first President of what became the ANC. Dube is buried at the school. The school was chosen by President Nelson Mandela as the place where he would cast his vote in the first racially inclusive election in South Africa in 1994.

History

The school was founded in 1900^[1] or 1901 as the "Zulu Christian Industrial School" by John Langalibalele Dube (known as Mafukuzela and he was later first president of what became the African National Congress).^[2] This was the first educational institution in South Africa to be founded by a black person. The land for the school was donated by ChiefChief Mqhawe of the AmaQadi.^[1] Dube had been in contact with Booker T. Washington and modelled his school after the Tuskegee University in America. As a result, Ohlange High School laid emphasis on developing self-reliance in its students. Ohlange High School was also known as the Ohlange Native Industrial Institute in the early part of the 20th Century.^[3] The school was called "Ohlange" by Dupe based on the word "uhlanga" which means the point of new growth in a plant or an ancestor for a descended family.^[4]

Ohlange Shoemaking class John Dube on the right

The school was so popular initially that students were sleeping without beds. The finances were difficult in the first few years. A solution to this came from an American committee that supported Dupe's belief that Christian conversion could be achieved via industrial education. A leading member of the committee was the Illinois pastor Sidney Dix Strong who had visited South Africa and had included the Ohlange Institute to his itinerary. Strong's wife died on the journey back to Chicago and Strong decided to use the Ohlange cause to distract himself from his loss.^[4]

Strong was able to arrange for the Dupe's to meet Douglas and Emaroy June Smith who became rich due to patent medicines and in time from the Pepsodent toothpaste brand.^[4] They donated thousands of dollars to the school which enabled for more teachers to be employed.^[1] This was in addition to the money that Dupe obtained from the family of Anson Phelps Stokes.^[5]

Mrs Dube and her early years needlework class.

By 1904 the finances needed further attention and Dube was unable to find any help in Natal. He had to return to America and he left John Mdima in charge of both the school and the newspaper. In Brooklyn he met the new chair of the committee S. Parkes Cadman who was pastor of the Central Congregational church in Brooklyn. Cadman reorganised the funding arranging for benefactors to sponsor students for £30 a year and arranging for Dube's helpers and family including John Mdima to go to college. The Dubes spent fifteen months in the states with John speaking and his wife singing. June Emaroy Smith was particularly generous and funded the 1907 construction of a boy's building. Dube noted in his talks that the Afro American was largely Christian whereas the native African had only limited access to the Christian message.^[4]

The 1917 Girls building at Ohlange

In its early years the school taught not only basic education but also vocational skills such as journalism, shoe and dressmaking, carpentry, motor mechanics and agriculture. Dube contributed to the admistration as well as teaching journalism. The academic side was not ignored and in 1915 the first Ohlange students went to study at the University College of the Cape of Good Hope.^[3] 1917 saw the construction of a girls dormitory. The purpose here was to establish a teacher training centre which was seen as a female career.

Enoch Sontonga song which later became a South African national anthem became better known after Ohlange Institute's choir used it. They played it at the South African Native National Congress meeting in 1912. It was sung after the closing prayer and the ANC adopted it as its official closing anthem in 1925.^[6]

A free South Africa celebrated at Ohlange

Mandela casting his first free vote at Ohlange

On 27 April 1994, Nelson Mandela cast his vote in his country's first all-race elections at a polling booth in the school.^[7] Mandela chose the area because he wanted to give the native black population the confidence to vote. He chose Ohlange school in particular because this is where John Dupe the first President of what was to become the ANC was buried.^[8] and he wanted to lay a wreath.^[7] Mandela stood by the grave and said "Mr President, I have come to report to you that South Africa is free today"^[9]

Today

Enrollment in 2012 was 865 with nearly 100 boarding at the school. There were just over 60 staff with 34 being teachers in 2012.^[10]

The school had a laboratory and a technical drawing room, a computer and cooking room, a library and 23 other classrooms in 2012. The admin block is in addition and the school had plans in 2012 to add six more classrooms and increase the computing facilities.^[10]

In 2007 Ohlange was amongst several schools recognised as "historic schools". Funding of six million rand a year was earmarked for Ohlange, Adams College, Inkamana High School, Inanda Seminary and Vryheid Comprehensive High School to make them academies focussing on Maths, Science and Technology. Anglican Archbishop Emeritus Njongonkulu Ndungane said that they still needed funds and "little has been achieved since democracy".^[11]

Alumni

Prominent former pupils include the Nobel Laureate Albert Luthuli^[12] and the Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, who went back to her former school in May 2006 as part of the Global Campaign for Education.^[13]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ohlange High School.

Coordinates: 29°41′54.63″S 30°57′26.21″E / 29.6985083°S 30.9572806°E / -29.6985083; 30.9572806