OPN1LW

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1KPX

Identifiers

Symbols

OPN1LW; CBBM; CBP; COD5; RCP; ROP

External IDs

OMIM: 300822 MGI: 1097692 HomoloGene: 68064 GeneCards: OPN1LW Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • photoreceptor activity
Cellular component	• integral to plasma membrane • photoreceptor outer segment membrane
Biological process	• retinoid metabolic process • signal transduction • visual perception • phototransduction, visible light • protein-chromophore linkage
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr HG1497_PATCH:
153.35 – 153.37 Mb

Chr X:
74.13 – 74.15 Mb

PubMed search

Red-sensitive opsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPN1LW gene.^[1]

This gene encodes for a light absorbing visual pigment of the opsin gene family. The encoded protein is called red cone photopigment or long-wavelength sensitive opsin, because its main response is for red color wavelengths. Nevertheless, it has a secondary response in the violet high frequencies^[2]

Opsins are G-protein coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains, an N-terminal extracellular domain, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. This gene and the medium-wavelength opsin gene are tandemly arrayed on the X chromosome and frequent unequal recombination and gene conversion may occur between these sequences. X chromosomes may have fusions of the medium- and long-wavelength opsin genes or may have more than one copy of these genes. Defects in this gene are the cause of partial, protanopic colorblindness.^[1]

References

External links

GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Red-Green Color Vision Defects

Applebury ML, Hargrave PA (1987). "Molecular biology of the visual pigments". Vision Res. 26 (12): 1881–95. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(86)90115-X. PMID 3303660.
Winderickx J, Lindsey DT, Sanocki E et al. (1992). "Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching". Nature 356 (6368): 431–3. doi:10.1038/356431a0. PMID 1557123.
Dietrich A, Korn B, Poustka A (1992). "Completion of the physical map of Xq28: the location of the gene for L1CAM on the human X chromosome". Mamm. Genome 3 (3): 168–72. doi:10.1007/BF00352462. PMID 1617223.
Arveiler B, Vincent A, Mandel JL (1989). "Toward a physical map of the Xq28 region in man: linking color vision, G6PD, and coagulation factor VIII genes to an X-Y homology region". Genomics 4 (4): 460–71. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90269-3. PMID 2501212.
Nathans J, Thomas D, Hogness DS (1986). "Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments". Science 232 (4747): 193–202. doi:10.1126/science.2937147. PMID 2937147.
Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD et al. (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.
Li ZY, Kljavin IJ, Milam AH (1995). "Rod photoreceptor neurite sprouting in retinitis pigmentosa". J. Neurosci. 15 (8): 5429–38. PMID 7643192.
Chen J, Tucker CL, Woodford B et al. (1994). "The human blue opsin promoter directs transgene expression in short-wave cones and bipolar cells in the mouse retina". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (7): 2611–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2611. PMC 43419. PMID 8146162.
Nathans J, Maumenee IH, Zrenner E et al. (1993). "Genetic heterogeneity among blue-cone monochromats". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53 (5): 987–1000. PMC 1682301. PMID 8213841.
Ladekjaer-Mikkelsen AS, Rosenberg T, Jørgensen AL (1996). "A new mechanism in blue cone monochromatism". Hum. Genet. 98 (4): 403–8. doi:10.1007/s004390050229. PMID 8792812.
Ferreira PA, Nakayama TA, Pak WL, Travis GH (1996). "Cyclophilin-related protein RanBP2 acts as chaperone for red/green opsin". Nature 383 (6601): 637–40. doi:10.1038/383637a0. PMID 8857542.
Voegel JJ, Heine MJ, Tini M et al. (1998). "The coactivator TIF2 contains three nuclear receptor-binding motifs and mediates transactivation through CBP binding-dependent and -independent pathways". EMBO J. 17 (2): 507–19. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.2.507. PMC 1170401. PMID 9430642.
Zhao Z, Hewett-Emmett D, Li WH (1998). "Frequent gene conversion between human red and green opsin genes". J. Mol. Evol. 46 (4): 494–6. doi:10.1007/PL00013147. PMID 9541545.
Nakayama TA, Zhang W, Cowan A, Kung M (1999). "Mutagenesis studies of human red opsin: trp-281 is essential for proper folding and protein-retinal interactions". Biochemistry 37 (50): 17487–94. doi:10.1021/bi982077u. PMID 9860863.
John SK, Smith JE, Aguirre GD, Milam AH (2000). "Loss of cone molecular markers in rhodopsin-mutant human retinas with retinitis pigmentosa". Mol. Vis. 6: 204–15. PMID 11063754.
Ueyama H, Kuwayama S, Imai H et al. (2002). "Novel missense mutations in red/green opsin genes in congenital color-vision deficiencies". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (2): 205–9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00458-8. PMID 12051694.
Fitzgerald KA, Rowe DC, Barnes BJ et al. (2003). "LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-kappaB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF". J. Exp. Med. 198 (7): 1043–55. doi:10.1084/jem.20031023. PMC 2194210. PMID 14517278.
Long J, Wang G, Matsuura I et al. (2004). "Activation of Smad transcriptional activity by protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (1): 99–104. doi:10.1073/pnas.0307598100. PMC 314145. PMID 14691252.
Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ et al. (2005). "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome". Nature 434 (7031): 325–37. doi:10.1038/nature03440. PMC 2665286. PMID 15772651.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:
Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

Eye proteins

Opsin (retinylidene protein)

visual	Rhodopsin Photopsin (OPN1LW OPN1MW/OPN1MW2 OPN1SW)

nonvisual	Melanopsin OPN3 OPN5

Crystallin

Alpha (A
B)
Beta (A1
A2
A4
B1
B2
B3)
Gamma (A
B
C
D
N
S)

Other

M: EYE

anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)

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OPN1LW

See also

References

External links

Further reading