Nymphalinae
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| Nymphalinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Kallima paralekta - MHNT | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| (unranked): | Rhopalocera |
| Superfamily: | Papilionoidea |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Subfamily: | Nymphalinae Swainson, 1827 |
| Diversity | |
| 6 tribes (but see text) | |
Nymphalinae is a subfamily of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). Sometimes, the Limenitidinae (and Biblidinae) are included here as further tribe(s), while the Melitaeini are occasionally considered a distinct subfamily.
Systematics
The 6 usually-recognized tribes of Nymphalinae are here listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence.[1]
- Coeini (6-7 genera)
- Nymphalini – anglewings, tortoiseshells and relatives (c.15 genera, 2 fossil)
- Kallimini (c.5 genera)
- Victorinini (4 genera, formerly in Kallimini)
- Junoniini (c.5 genera)
- Melitaeini – fritillaries (c.25 genera)
Genera incertae sedis are:
- Rhinopalpa – The Wizard
- Kallimoides Shirôzu & Nakanishi, 1984
- Vanessula Dewitz, 1887
In addition to these, Crenidomimas is sometimes placed here but may actually belong in the Limenitidinae genus Euryphura.
The Late Eocene fossil genus Lithodryas might belong here, but it is generally assigned to the Lycaenidae.
Footnotes
- ↑ See references in Savela (2010)
References
- Savela, Markku (2010): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Nymphalinae. Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-08.
Further reading
- Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
- Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
- James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
- Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
- Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
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