Northern Sky

"Northern Sky"
Single by Nick Drake
from the album Bryter Layter
Released	1970
Recorded	1969
Genre	Folk
Length	3:45
Label	Island
Writer(s)	Nick Drake
Producer(s)	Robert Kirby and Joe Boyd

"Northern Sky" is a song from Nick Drake's 1970 album Bryter Layter. Leading up to and during the recording sessions for the album, the chronically shy and notably withdrawn songwriter formed a friendship and eventually a mentorship of sorts with producer Joe Boyd. Boyd was an early catalyst for the singer, and saw commercial potential in the acoustic and unaccompanied demo version of the song, and recruited former Velvet Underground member John Cale to produce. Cale added piano, organ and celesta arrangements, initially against Drake's wishes.^[1] The song marked a strong redirection in Drake's sound and he was in the end very pleased with Cale's additions and enthused by indications that it would make the single that would break him commercially. However, Island Records did not release it as a single and the accompanying album, like its predecessor, received no marketing support and failed to sell. In response, having tried his hand at lush arrangements, he responded with the sparse and bleak, voice and guitar only final album Pink Moon, which received limited release before his death in 1974.

In the 1980s the track was pivotal in resurrecting interest in Drake's music which was, by then, largely forgotten. Biographer Patrick Humphries describes the song as "the finest ... to which Nick Drake ever lent his name. Again sounding alone and vulnerable .. he pleads for the brightness to come."^[2] The song also features in the closing scene of Serendipity (film)

Composition and arrangement

Northern Sky is written in Drake's favoured DADGDG tuning, with a middle eight composed by Cale during the recording. The accompanyment by the classically trained Cale reflects Drake's desire to move away from the pastoral sound of his 1969 debut album Five Leaves Left, which was a commercial failure. Cale's own career was similarly in tatters; he had just been fired from the Velvets by Lou Reed, and was yet to re-establish his reputation as a formidable producer. Drake sought to broaden his own appeal and tentatively agreed to Boyd's suggestion to include bass and drum tracks on recordings for Bryter Layter, and to experiment with a more pop or jazzy sound, which Boyd admitted he imagined would be "more commercial".^[3] Yet it essentially retains Drake's original acoustic style, being anchored by long term producers and arrangers Robert Kirby and John Wood's sharp and stripped-down sparse engineering and production values. Trevor Dann believes that the contrasting approach of the two men produced accompaniment that is "opulent without overpowering the fragile little song".^[4]

The song was probably written during Drake's brief period of living in Hastings with John Martyn and his wife Beverley.^[5] According to Beverley Martyn, "He wrote that one around us. We had a tree in the garden across the pavement - hence the line, 'Smelt sweet breezes at the top of a tree.' The top of the tree came to the window where Nick was, and you could see the full moon on the sea at night."^[6] There has been speculation as for whom the song was written, with Linda Thompson as the most often mentioned candidate. There is no real evidence for this however, and he was at the time friendly with a number of women. He had platonic friendships with both Sophia Ryde and Beverly Martyn, with whom he was particularly close, although neither of these relationships developed.^[5] Dann speculates that the song may have been inspired by Drake's enthusiasm for hashish, a drug which the songwriter was using, according to close associates, to insulate himself from the world around him. Although he does not appear to have developed his drug habit further, it has been suggested that his tastes developed after his contact with Cale, who was struggling with a heroin habit. After Bryter Layter failed to sell, Drake rarely left his flat, and then only to play an occasional poorly-attended concert or to buy drugs.^[7]

	"Northern Sky" "Northern Sky" features piano, organ and celesta performed by John Cale.
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Boyd was at the time working as co-producer with John Cale on Nico's Desertshore album. Boyd sent the recently ex-Velvet Underground member a demo recording of a few of the tracks that were to form Bryter Layter.^[8] The morning Cale received them, he rang Boyd asking "Who the fuck *is* this guy? I have to meet him, where is he right now."^[9] He described his first impressions after meeting Drake as of "a very quiet guy. It was very difficult to figure what was going on in his mind. He made music with a real sensuality - very different from English folk music".^[10] Boyd phoned Drake, and was given consent - Boyd claims Drake's only words during the conversation were "Oh, uh, OK". He arranged a recording session for the following day, on the condition that Cale would be allowed to add accompaniment to the tracks.^[10] That morning, with Wood and Kirby engineering and assisting, they recorded "Northern Sky" and "Fly". Cale improvised piano, celeste, and Hammond organ parts on "Northern Sky", and viola and harpsichord arrangements on "Fly". In his 2006 biography of Drake, Trevor Dann describes Cale's contribution as infusing the tracks with a "subtlety that Robert Kirby's full-blown arrangements didn't quite match on some of the other tracks [on Bryter Layter].^[10]

Boyd noticed Cale was strongly leading the direction of the recording, but that as the songs were reforming, Drake gradually seemed to gain trust in his judgment. During the session he asked the songwriter if he was happy with the direction the songs were taking, and was met with an affirmative "Yeh, yeh, I guess so yeh, yeh."^[10] Boyd later wrote "Despite [Cale's] domineering manner, [he] was very solicitous towards Nick, who seemed to be guardedly enjoying himself: his only choice was to relax and be carried along."^[9] Although Boyd is credited with production, he admits his actual contribution was putting the two men in contact.

Reception

Although Drake's debut album sunk without trace, Boyd managed to generate a mood of optimism around the lead-up to the release of Bryter Layter. According to Kirby, Drake was uncharacteristically upbeat. He felt Bryter Layter "was going to be the one with a single on it. I always rated "Poor Boy", but they could have gone with "Northern Sky", but nothing ever happened."^[11] Patrick Humphries wrote of the song: "The atmosphere is dense, suggesting sliver moons sailing on a raven black sea, wind lightly ruffling the hair of the treetops, all stoked by a crazy kind of magic; and the alchemy is fuelled by Cale's hymnal organ and soaring piano figures."^[2] Music critic Peter Paphides described it as, "the most unabashedly joyful song in his canon."^[6]

The 1985 UK hit single "Life in a Northern Town" by Dream Academy was based on and inspired by "Northern Sky", and contributed to the early to mid-80s revival of interest in the songwriter's career. Singer Nick Laird-Clowes's breathy vocals directly reference Drake's style, while the record sleeve contains the words "Nick Drake, Steve Reich & Classics For Pleasure". Drake, then practically unknown in the UK^{[citation needed]}, was name-checked in a Melody Maker interview with Laird-Clowes, who said his song came of a "strong connection with Nick Drake in a way I can't even explain".^[12] As a result of this, the BBC began to field requests for Drake's song, while Nick Stewart, head of A&R at Island Records, pitched to the label that the songwriter's catalogue might then be ideally placed for re-issue to the then developing adult CD market.^[12] The song was issued as a promotional CD maxi-single for the 1994 compilation album Way to Blue: – An Introduction to Nick Drake. In 2004 the NME described the song as the "greatest English love song of modern times".^[4] The song also appeared on the 2005 compilation album Anthems in Eden: An Anthology of British & Irish Folk 1955–1978.

Covers

The song was covered by Danny Cavanagh on his 2004 album of Nick Drake songs A Place To Be.^[13] It was also recorded by Clive Gregson in 1992 for the compilation album Brittle Days – A Tribute to Nick Drake;^[14] by Portastatic in 2002 for the Merge Records album Survive and Advance, Vol. 1;^[15] and by Christopher O'Riley for his 2007 album Second Grace: The Music of Nick Drake.^[16]

Personnel

• Nick Drake - vocals and guitar
• John Cale – celeste, piano and Hammond organ
• Dave Pegg – bass
• Mike Kowalski – drums

References

Sources

• Dann, Trevor (2006). Darker Than the Deepest Sea: The Search for Nick Drake, Da Capo Press. London. ISBN 978-0-306-81520-1
• Boyd, Joe (2006). White Bicycles – Making Music in the 1960s, Serpent's Tail. ISBN 978-1-85242-910-2
• Humphries, Patrick (1997). Nick Drake: The Biography, Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 978-1-58234-035-7

External links

• Northern Sky full lyrics at nickdrake.com