North Holland

North Holland Noord-Holland
Province of the Netherlands
Haarlem Leidsevaart
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Ik houd van het groen in je wei!
Anthem: "Ik houd van het groen in je wei!"
Location of Noord-Holland in the Netherlands
Country	Netherlands
Established	1840 (split-up of Holland)
Capital	Haarlem
Largest city	Amsterdam
Government
• King's Commissioner	Johan Remkes (People's Party for Freedom and Democracy)
Area
• Total	2,670 km2 (1,030 sq mi)
• Water	1,421 km2 (549 sq mi)
Area rank	6th
Population (2006)
• Total	2,606,584
• Rank	2nd
• Density	980/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
• Density rank	2nd
ISO 3166 code	NL-NH
Religion (2005)	Protestant 8% Catholic 18% Muslim 8% Hindus 1%
Website	www.noord-holland.nl

Amsterdam Damrak

Hartecamp villa at Heemstede

Alkmaar canal

Boulevard at Zandvoort beach ressort

North Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland [ˈnoːrt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ( listen), West Frisian: Noard-Holland) is a province situated on the North Sea in the northwest of the European country Netherlands. The provincial capital is Haarlem and its largest city is Amsterdam.

Geography

North Holland is a broad peninsula for the most part, located between the North Sea, Markermeer and the IJsselmeer. More than half of the province consists of reclaimed polder land situated below sea level.

North Holland has four municipalities with 100,000 or more inhabitants. They are, in order of size, Amsterdam (in terms of population this is also the largest municipality in the Netherlands), Haarlem, Zaanstad, and Haarlemmermeer. Another seven municipalities have a population between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants (i.e. Hilversum, Amstelveen, Purmerend, Hoorn, Velsen, Alkmaar, and Heerhugowaard.) The island of Texel is also part of North Holland.

North Holland makes up a single region of the International Organization for Standardization world region code system, having the code ISO 3166-2:NL-NH.

History

The history of this province can also be found in the articles on its constituent elements (e.g. Amsterdam, Haarlem, West Friesland, etc.) The information here pertains just to North Holland itself.^[1]

Before 1795

For most of its history, the modern-day province of North Holland was an integral part of Holland.

From the 9th century to the 16th century, Holland was a county ruled by the counts of Holland. During this period an area known as West Friesland (now part of North Holland) was conquered and integrated into Holland. For centuries afterwards Holland would be officially called "Holland and West Friesland". The people of West Friesland had (and still have) a strong sense of identity as a region within Holland (and later North Holland).

From the 16th century to 1795, Holland was the wealthiest and most important province in the United Provinces in the Dutch Republic. As the richest and most powerful province, Holland dominated the union. During this period a distinction was sometimes made between the "North Quarter" (Noorderkwartier) and the "South Quarter" (Zuiderkwartier), areas that roughly correspond to the two modern provinces.

The emergence of a new province (1795 to 1840)

The province of North Holland as it is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795 to 1813. This was a time of bewildering changes to the Dutch system of provinces. In 1795 the old order was swept away and the Batavian Republic was established. In the Constitution enacted on 23 April 1798, the old borders were radically changed. The republic was reorganised into eight departments (département) with roughly equal populations. Holland was split up into five departments named "Texel", "Amstel", "Delf", "Schelde en Maas (fr)", and "Rijn". The first three of these lay within the borders of the old Holland; the latter two were made up of parts of different provinces. In 1801 the old borders were restored when the department of Holland was created. This reorganisation had been short-lived, but it gave birth to the concept of breaking up Holland and making it a less powerful province.

In 1807, Holland was reorganised once again. This time the two departments were called "Amstelland" (corresponding to the modern province of North Holland) and "Maasland" (corresponding to the modern province of South Holland). This also did not last long. In 1810, all the Dutch provinces were integrated into the French Empire. Amstelland and Utrecht were amalgamated as the department of "Zuiderzee" (Zuyderzée in French) and Maasland was renamed "Monden van de Maas" (Bouches-de-la-Meuse in French).

After the defeat of the French in 1813, this organisation remained unchanged for a year or so. When the 1814 Constitution was introduced, the country was reorganised as provinces and regions (landschappen). Zuiderzee and Monden van de Maas were reunited as the province of "Holland". One of the ministers on the constitutional committee (van Maanen) suggested that the old name "Holland and West Friesland" be reintroduced to respect the feelings of the people of that region. This proposal was rejected.

However, the division was not totally reversed. When the province of Holland was re-established in 1814, it was given two governors, one for the former department of Amstelland (i.e. the area that is now North Holland) and one for the former department of Maasland (i.e. now South Holland). Even though the province had been reunited, the two areas were still being treated differently in some ways and the idea of dividing Holland remained alive. (During this reorganisation the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling were returned to Holland and parts of "Hollands Brabant" (including "Land of Altena") went to North Brabant. The borders with Utrecht and Gelderland were definitively set in 1820.)

When the constitutional amendments were introduced in 1840, it was decided to split Holland once again, this time into two provinces called "North Holland" and "South Holland". The need for this was not felt in South Holland or in West Friesland (which feared the dominance of Amsterdam). The impetus came largely from Amsterdam, which still resented the 1838 relocation of the court of appeal to The Hague in South Holland.

1840 to today

After the Haarlemmermeer was drained in 1855 and turned into arable land, it was made part of North Holland. In exchange, South Holland received the greater part of the municipality of Leimuiden in 1864.

In 1942, the islands Vlieland and Terschelling went back to the province of Friesland.

In 1950, the former island Urk was ceded to the province of Overijssel.

In February 2011, North Holland, together with the provinces of Utrecht and Flevoland, showed a desire to investigate the feasibility of a merger between the three provinces.^[2] This has been positively received by the Dutch cabinet, for the desire to create one Randstad province has already been mentioned in the coalition agreement.^[3] The province of South Holland, part of the Randstad urban area, visioned to be part of the Randstad province,^[4] and very much supportive of the idea of a merger into one province,^[5] is not named. With or without South Holland, if created, the new province would be the largest in the Netherlands in both area and population.

Municipalities

As of January 2013, North Holland is divided into 53 municipalities (local government). After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, three islands in the Caribbean, Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius, were offered to join the province, though the offer has been neither accepted nor rejected.^{[citation needed]}

Regions in North Holland

Map of North Holland (2013)

North Holland has various regions that, for historical or other reasons, have their own identities. Some of these regions are unofficial, ill-defined and sometimes overlapping. Others are official and are part of regional groupings artificially created for various administrative purposes. These regions are not the same as the municipalities.

List of some of these unofficial and official regions in North Holland:

• Amstelland (the area around the Amstel) (prov. North Holland)^[6]
• Beemster (North Holland)^[6]
• Bollenstreek (the flower areas found in both North Holland and South Holland)^[6]
• Het Gooi (usually "Het Gooi" or "'t Gooi", North Holland)^[6]
• Groene Hart (North Holland, South Holland and Utrecht)^[6]
• Haarlemmermeer (North Holland)^[6]
• Holland (North Holland and South Holland)^[6]
• IJmond ("The Mouth of the IJ")^{[citation needed]}
• Kennemerland (North Holland)^[6]
• Purmer (North Holland)^[6]
• Kop van Noord-Holland^{[citation needed]}
• Noorderkwartier ("North Quarter")^{[citation needed]}
• Noordvleugel ("North Wing")^{[citation needed]}
• Randstad (North Holland, South Holland, Utrecht and Flevoland)^[6]
• Schermer (North Holland)^[6]
• De Streek (North Holland)^[6]
• Texel (North Holland)^[6]
• Utrechtse Heuvelrug (Utrecht and North Holland)^[6]
• Vechtstreek ("The Vecht Area") (Utrecht and North Holland)^[6]
• Waterland (now effectively the municipality of Waterland, North Holland)^[6]
• West-Friesland (North Holland)^[6]
• Wieringen (North Holland)^[6]
• Wieringermeer (North Holland)^[6]
• Wijdewormer (De Wormer, North Holland)^[6]
• Zaanstreek ("The Zaan Area") (North Holland)^[6]

Nature

A Highland in Zuid-Kennemerland National Park

Some of the best known nature reserves in this province are:

• Amsterdamse Bos
• Zuid-Kennemerland National Park
• Dunes of Texel National Park

More information about nature reserves in North Holland is available (in Dutch) on the relevant site pages of national nature conservation organisations Natuurmonumenten ^[7] and Staatsbosbeheer ,^[8] as well as provincial organisation "Landschap Noord-Holland".^[9]

Organisations

Several international nature friendly organisations such as Greenpeace and Amnesty International have settled the headoffice of their Netherlands branche in this province and particularly in Amsterdam.

Of Greenpeace also the international headquarters is settled in this town.

Several national nature friendly organisations like Milieudefensie, the national "Union of vegetarians",^[10] the "Vissenbescherming" (Fishes protection foundation)^[11] and the Party for the Animals as well have their headoffice in this province.

Notable residents

• In the field of science a well known person originating from North Holland is philosopher Baruch Spinoza.
• One of the best known artists originating from this province is painter Karel Appel.

See also

• South Holland
• List of cities, towns and villages in North Holland

Notes

Map of the Netherlands, linking to the province articles; red dots mark provincial capitals and black dots other notable cities or towns.

External links

• Website of the Province
• www.mybergenonline.com
• Map of Province in Google Maps
• Provincial Tourist Board
• Pictures from North Holland
• Haarlem Shuffle

		North Sea	IJsselmeer / Friesland
	North Sea		Flevoland
	North Holland
		South Holland	Utrecht

v t e    Municipalities of North Holland Aalsmeer Alkmaar Amstelveen Amsterdam (Government) Beemster Bergen Beverwijk Blaricum Bloemendaal Bussum Castricum Den Helder Diemen Drechterland Edam-Volendam Enkhuizen Graft-De Rijp Haarlem Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude Haarlemmermeer Heemskerk Heemstede Heerhugowaard Heiloo Hilversum Hollands Kroon Hoorn Huizen Koggenland Landsmeer Langedijk Laren Medemblik Muiden Naarden Oostzaan Opmeer Ouder-Amstel Purmerend Schagen Schermer Stede Broec Texel Uitgeest Uithoorn Velsen Waterland Weesp Wijdemeren Wormerland Zaanstad Zandvoort Zeevang See also Netherlands Provinces Municipalities

v t e    Provinces of the Netherlands Drenthe Flevoland Friesland Gelderland Groningen Limburg North Brabant North Holland Overijssel South Holland Utrecht Zeeland