Nitrofuran

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Nitrofurazone

Nitrofurans are a class of drugs typically used as antibiotics or antimicrobials. The defining structural component is a furan ring with a nitro group.

Members of this class of drugs include:

Furazolidone, antibacterial
Furylfuramide
Nitrofurantoin, antibacterial
Nitrofurazone, antibacterial
Nifuratel
Nifurquinazol, antibacterial
Nifurtoinol, antibacterial
Nifuroxazide, antibiotic
Nifurtimox, antiparasitic
Nifurzide, anti-infective
Ranbezolid, antibacterial

External links

Nitrofurans at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Antibacterials: nucleic acid inhibitors (J01E, J01M)

Antifolates
(inhibits
purine metabolism,
thereby inhibiting
DNA and RNA synthesis)

DHFR inhibitor

2,4-Diaminopyrimidine
- Trimethoprim^#
- Brodimoprim
- Tetroxoprim
- Iclaprim^†

Sulfonamides
(DHPS inhibitor)

Short- acting	Sulfaisodimidine Sulfamethizole Sulfadimidine Sulfapyridine Sulfafurazole Sulfanilamide Prontosil Sulfathiazole Sulfathiourea

Intermediate- acting	Sulfamethoxazole Sulfadiazine^# Sulfamoxole

Long- acting	Sulfadimethoxine Sulfadoxine Sulfalene Sulfametomidine Sulfametoxydiazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfaperin Sulfamerazine Sulfaphenazole Sulfamazone

Other/ungrouped	Sulfacetamide Sulfadicramide Sulfametrole

Combinations

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#

Topoisomerase
inhibitors/
quinolones/
(inhibits
DNA replication)

1st g.

Fluoro-
quinolones

2nd g.	Ciprofloxacin^# Enoxacin^‡ Fleroxacin^‡ Lomefloxacin Nadifloxacin Ofloxacin Norfloxacin Pefloxacin Rufloxacin

3rd g.	Balofloxacin Grepafloxacin^‡ Levofloxacin Pazufloxacin Sparfloxacin^‡ Temafloxacin^‡ Tosufloxacin

4th g.	Besifloxacin Clinafloxacin^† Garenoxacin Gemifloxacin Moxifloxacin Gatifloxacin^‡ Sitafloxacin Trovafloxacin^‡/Alatrofloxacin^‡ Prulifloxacin

Vet.	Danofloxacin Difloxacin Enrofloxacin Ibafloxacin Marbofloxacin Orbifloxacin Pradofloxacin Sarafloxacin

Related (DG)	Aminocoumarins: Novobiocin

Anaerobic DNA
inhibitors

Nitro- imidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# Tinidazole Ornidazole

Nitrofuran derivatives	Nitrofurantoin^# Furazolidone^‡ Nifurtoinol

RNA synthesis

Rifamycins/ RNA polymerase	Rifampicin^# Rifabutin Rifapentine Rifaximin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: BAC

bact (clas)

gr+f/gr+a (t)/gr-p (c)/gr-o

drug (J1p, w, n, m, vacc)

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)

Alveo-
late

Apicom-
plexa

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazole (nitazoxanide)

Isosporiasis	trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole^#

Toxoplasmosis	pyrimethamine sulfadiazine

Aconoidasida

Malaria

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

aminoquinolines	(4-): amodiaquine^# chloroquine^# (8-): primaquine^# pamaquine

4-methanolquinolines	mefloquine^# quinine^# quinidine

Other	lumefantrine combined with artemether halofantrine

Antifolates

DHFR inhibitors (antifols)	pyrimethamine proguanil^# chlorproguanil biguanides

Sulfonamides	sulfadoxine sulfamethoxypyrazine

Coformulation	sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)^#

Sesquiterpene
lactones

Other

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (coformulated) ACTs	artemether/lumefantrine^# artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ) artesunate/mefloquine (ASMQ) dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine artesunate/pyronaridine

Other combinations (not co-formulated)	artesunate/SP artesunate/mefloquine quinine/tetracycline quinine/doxycycline quinine/clindamycin

Babesiosis

clindamycin

Cilio-
phora

Balantidiasis: Tetracycline

Hetero-
kont

Blastocystosis: Metronidazole

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

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