Nieuport 10

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The Nieuport 10 was a French biplane general purpose aircraft and trainer, in service during World War I.

Design and development

In January 1914, designer Gustave Delage joined the Société Anonyme des Etablissements Nieuport, and started to design the series of aircraft that made him and the company famous. The first of these was the Nieuport 10, originally designed to compete in the Gordon Bennett Trophy race of 1914. World War I caused this contest to be cancelled, and the type was developed as a military two seat reconnaissance aircraft that entered service in 1915.

The type featured a distinctive "V" strut layout. The lower wing was much smaller in area than the upper wing, and the concept was intended to combine the strength of the biplane's wire braced wing cell with the good visibility of the parasol monoplane.^[1]

Many were converted or built as single seat fighters by covering the front cockpit, and adding an upward firing Lewis machine gun to the center section of the top wing. In this form, the type was used as a fighter.

Two types were developed from the Nieuport 10 - the Nieuport 11 Bébé - a smaller aircraft, designed from the outset as a single seater, and the Nieuport 12 - a more powerful two-seater.

Variants

Nieuport X.B: Early designation distinguishing it from an earlier unrelated monoplane designated Nieuport X.
Nieuport X.AV: Early company designation later dispensed with. This model has the observer/gunner seated in the front and the pilot in the rear.
Nieuport X.AR: Early company designation later dispensed with. The pilot was seated in the front and the observer/gunner in the rear.
Nieuport 10 A.2: Two seat reconnaissance (Artillerie) aircraft, same as Nieuport 10AR.
Nieuport 10 C.1: Single seat fighter variant. Inspired development of Nieuport 11.
Nieuport 83 E.2: Purpose built trainer with substantial detail modifications.
Nieuport-Macchi 10.000: Italian built Nieuport 10 with many detail modifications.
Nieuport 18 or 18 meter Nieuport: Unofficial description of basic type based on nominal wing area of 18 square meters.
Nakajima Army Type Ko 2 Trainer: Nieuport 83 E.2 built under licence in Japan.
Trainer Type 2: Siamese designation for imported Nieuport 83 E.2.

Operators

Belgium: Belgian Air Force
Brazil: Brazilian Air Force
France: Aéronautique Militaire; Aéronavale
Finland: Finnish Air Force (ex-Russian examples)
Italy: Corpo Aeronautico Militare
Japan: Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Russian Empire: Imperial Russian Air Service - imported large numbers and built under licence.; Imperial Russian Navy - ex Air Service aircraft.
Serbia

Serbian Air Force^[2]

Thailand: Royal Thai Air Force
Ukrainian People's Republic: Ukrainian People's Army (One aircraft only)
United Kingdom: Royal Naval Air Service - early user. Note that the Royal Flying Corps did not use the Nieuport 10.
United States: United States Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force - used as trainers only
Soviet Union: Workers' and Peasants' Air Fleet (ex-Russian examples)

Survivors

One original Nieuport 83 E.2, flown by Charles Nungesser while barnstorming, is preserved at Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome on static display, following limited flight displays by Cole Palen in the 1980s-era weekend air shows at the Aerodrome. 2 Nieuport-Macchi 10,000's survive in Italy, one at the Museo Storica de Guerra and one at the Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci".

Specifications (Nieuport 10)

General characteristics

Crew: one, pilot
Length: 7.09 m (23 ft 3 in)
Wingspan: 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in)
Height: 2.7 m (8 ft 11 in)
Wing area: 18 m² (193.8 ft²)
Empty weight: 411 kg (905 lb)
Loaded weight: 658 kg (1,450 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × le Rhône 9C rotary, 60 kW (80 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 139 km/h (75 knots, 86 mph)
Range: 249.44 kilometers (155 miles)
Service ceiling: 4,572 m (15,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 2.1 m/s (410 ft/min)
Endurance: 2.5 hours

Armament

1 × Lewis machine gun mounted atop the upper wing

References

↑ Fitzsimons 1967/1969, p. 1989.
↑ Janić Č, Petrović O, Short History of Aviation in Serbia, Beograd, Aerokomunikacije, 2011. ISBN 978-86-913973-2-6

Taylor, John W. R., and Jean Alexander. "Combat Aircraft of the World" New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969 Pg 112-113 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-25459

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport 10.

v t e Aircraft produced by Nieuport

Nieuport (1909-1914)	1909 monoplane II III IV IVM VI VII X XI Nieuport-Dunne Carton-Pate

Nieuport (1914-1918)	10 11 12 12bis 13 14 15 16 17 17bis 18 19 20 21 23 24 24bis 25 26 27 28 Madon 29 30 31

Nieuport (World War 1 trainers)	80 81 82 83

Nieuport-Delage	29 29V 30T Sesquiplan 32RH 33 37 38 39 390 391 40R 42S 42 C.1 42 C.2 43 44 450 46 48 48bis 481 50 52 54 540 541 580 590 62 640 641 650 72 82 941 120 121 122 125

Nieuport (mid 1930s)	140 160

Loire-Nieuport	LN.10 LN.20 LN.30 LN.40 LN.401 LN.411 LN.42 LN.43 LN.161 LN.162

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Records	Airspeed Altitude Distance Endurance Firsts Large Most-produced aircraft Most-produced rotorcraft

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