Niède Guidon

Niède Guidon (Portuguese pronunciation: [niˈɛdʒi ɡiˈdõ]) is a Brazilian archaeologist who was born on the 12 March 1933 in Jaú, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. She has won international recognition and support for her struggle to protect Brazil's rich archaeological heritage.

Parque Nacional Serra de Capivara

Niède Guidon is the head archaeologist at the Serra da Capivara National Park in Piauí, Brazil where she and her colleagues have discovered over 800 pre-historic sites concerned with the occupation of America by human beings.

The park encompasses an area protected by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Niède Guidon is responsible for that area's preservation, development and management. Her findings and excavations have led to the possibility of previously believed early-American dates to be exceeded by more than 30,000 years.

Contributions

Guidon has set up a cultural center, the Musée de l'Homme Américain, and numerous community support centers in local communities that offer civil services, education, medical aid, and training in ecology, prehistory, and the restoration of archaeological artifacts. Guidon has also made attempts at improving the educational opportunities in Brazil by leading petitions to build schools. She successfully established five new schools in local communities with a teaching faculty from the University of São Paulo, but they have slowly declined in activity due to the lack of governmental structure. A ceramics business was begun by her efforts (Cerâmica de Capivora), and when it began turning a profit she gave the reins over to local entrepreneurs to assist in their business endeavors.

Guidon holds a degree in Natural History from the University of São Paulo and a doctorate in Archaeology from the Sorbonne in Paris, France. In 1978 she petitioned the Brazilian government to create the Parque Nacional Serra de Capivara which solidified the next 25 years of her archaeological dedication. Her findings were first brought to the spotlight in 1986 with a publication in the British magazine Nature, in which she claimed to have discovered 32,000 year old hearths and human artifacts. In 1988 she began a partnership with IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) that led to the continuation of her excavations.

Pedra Furada site

Of Niède Guidon's most famous historical sites is the Toca do Boqueira de Pedra Furada ("Pedra Furada Site") which is located in the São Raimundo Nonato region in Brazil. She came across a structure resembling a bonfire equipped with arranged logs and stones that date back to 48,700 years ago, though there is undisputed evidence dating back to 10,000 years. Pedra Furada is a rock shelter 55 feet (17 m) deep that portrays over 1,150 pre-historic images along its walls. Here she has found thousands of artifacts that possibly suggest human handiwork.

She has discovered over 800 historical sites of which over 600 are accompanied by paintings. She has recorded over 35,000 archaeological images and published multiple papers and books.

Geofacts or artifacts?

Guidon's controversial findings have questioned the suggestion made by many archeologists that humans came to the Americas just 15,000 years ago as she dates some sites to in excess of 45,000 years ago. The most apparent argument in the Pedra Furada excavations is the questioning of Guidon's findings to be "geofacts" or "artifacts", whereas geofacts are fragments created by the natural environment and geological conditions. American archaeologists are divided on how early human beings came to the Americas, some accepting the dates unconditionally while others opt for dismissal.^{[citation needed]}

In 2005, Niède was awarded the Prince Claus Award, an award or grant given to individuals or organizations in hopes of providing more opportunities for the future. She is now retired on a pension from the French government at the age of 73, but continues to lead excavations and push for the development of Brazil as a whole.

External links

• Biography
• Interview