Newspaper vending machine
A newspaper vending machine or newspaper rack is a vending machine designed to distribute newspapers. Newspaper vending machines are used worldwide, and they are often one of the main distribution methods for newspaper publishers.
History
The coin operated newspaper vending machine was invented in 1947 by inventor George Thiemeyer Hemmeter.[1][2][3] Hemmeter's company, the Serven Vendor Company, was based in Berkeley, California, and had been making rural mail tubes and honor racks. The new invention could be adjusted to accept coins of different denominations (depending on the cost of the paper sold). The newspaper rack was able to be used with one hand, and took around 30 seconds to dispense a paper. Two models, one with a capacity for 1250 pages of newsprint, the other 2500 pages, were brought into production initially.[4] By 1987, over one million machines had been distributed.[5]
Legal issues
In 1983, the city of Lakewood, Ohio adopted an ordinance that gave the mayor of the city complete control of where newspaper racks could be placed, and which newspapers could be placed in them. On June 17, 1988, this ordinance was overturned by the United States Supreme Court in a 4-3 ruling, citing that the ordinance could potentially be used to penalize newspapers that criticize the local government.[6][7][8][9][10]
Re-purposing
The newspaper vending machines began to lose popularity as many newspapers switched to online distribution. By 2009, various artists and inventors had begun working on re-purposing the boxes.[11][12][13]
Criticism
Newspaper vending machines have been criticized for occasionally failing to distribute a newspaper after it has been paid for.[14][15] The newspaper vending machines has also been criticized due to an issue in the design, making it possible for money or newspapers to be stolen from the machine.[16][17]
See also
References
- ↑ "Inventor Dies at 97". Gadsden Times. April 12, 2000. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Elsewhere". Miami Herald. April 13, 2000. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ "George T. Hemmeter; Inventor of Newspaper Racks". April 13, 2000. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Newspaper Vendor Slated Soon". The Billboard: 75. December 22, 1945.
- ↑ Freitag, Michael (March 22, 1987). "What's New in Newspaper Delivery; After 30 Years, the Coins Keep Jingling". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Kilpatrick, James J. (June 23, 1988). "The Press Wins a Misunderstood Victory". The Mount Airy News. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Taylor, Stuart (June 18, 1988). "Supreme Court Roundup; Law That Allowed a Mayor to Rule on Newspaper Racks Is Overturned". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Kamen, Al (June 18, 1988). '+Control+of+News+Rack+Placement&pqatl=google "Court Limits Cities' Control of News Rack Placement". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Justices Rule that News Racks are Protected". Miami Herald. June 18, 1988. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Court limits power over placement of paper racks". The Palm Beach Post. June 18, 1988. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Vestel, Leora Broydo (June 1, 2009). "Second Lives for Newspaper Dispensers?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Walker, Scott. "The digital newsstand". June 19, 2007. designondeadline.com. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Carlson, Nicholas (March 19, 2009). "Photos Of Abandoned Newspaper Racks Tell The Industry's Story". Business Insider. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Modzelewski, Joe (January 16, 1980). "Loser's Corner". The Miami News. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ "Newspaper vending machine". PatentStorm. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
- ↑ Yousef Haik; Tamer Shahin (May 7, 2010). Engineering Design Process. Cengage Learning. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-495-66814-5. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
- ↑ Hurley, Patrick J. (January 1, 2011). A Concise Introduction to Logic. Cengage Learning. p. 539. ISBN 978-0-8400-3417-5. Retrieved February 28, 2012.