Nevşehir

Nevşehir
Nevşehir
Coordinates: 38°37′35″N 34°42′50″E / 38.62639°N 34.71389°E / 38.62639; 34.71389Coordinates: 38°37′35″N 34°42′50″E / 38.62639°N 34.71389°E / 38.62639; 34.71389
Country	Turkey
Province	Nevşehir
Government
• Mayor	Hasan Ünver (AKP)
Area[1]
• District	534.55 km2 (206.39 sq mi)
Population (2012)[2]
• Urban	92,068
• District	123,976
• District Density	230/km2 (600/sq mi)
Website	www.nevsehir.bel.tr

Nevşehir, formerly Muşkara, (maybe the ancient city of Nyssa, Νύσσα in Ancient Greek), is a city and the capital district of Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. According to the 2010 census, population of the district is 117,890 of which 85,634 631 live in the city of Nevşehir.^[3][4] The district covers an area of 535 km² (207 sq mi),^[5] and the town lies at an average elevation of 1,224 m (4,016 ft).

History

A settlement was founded on the slopes of Mount Kahveci in the valley of Kızılırmak (the ancient Halys) by the Hittites. The town along with the region came under the rule of the Assyrian Empire around the 8th century BC, then by the Medes and then by the Persians in the reign of emperor Cyrus the Great in 546 BC. In 333 BC Alexander the Great defeated the Persians. After his death, Cappadocia came under the rule of the dynasty of Ariarathes with Mazaka (present-day Kayseri) as capital. Cappadocian kingdom became part of the Roman empire, in the reign of Emperor Tiberius.

The underground shelters around Nevşehir and Göreme were originally built to escape persecution by the pagan Roman authorities.^{[citation needed]} Many of the churches, hewn in the rocks, date from these early years of Christianity. Even when Theodosius I made Christianity the official religion of the empire the caves offered protection for the local people during raids by the Sassanid Persians circa 604 AD and by the Islamic Caliphate circa 647AD. And when Iconoclasm became state policy in the Byzantine empire again the caves of Nevşehir became shelters for those escaping persecution.

The castle on the hill dates from the Byzantine period, when the region was on the frontline in the wars against the Islamic Caliphate.

At the Battle of Manzikert (present-day Malazgirt) in 1071AD, the Byzantine emperor Romanos IV was defeated by the Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan. This led to the occupation of Anatolia by the Seljuks by 1074AD and Nevşehir along with the rest of the region became part of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and then under the rule of the Karamanid dynasty in 1328AD and finally under rule of the Ottoman empire around 1487AD and was renamed "Muşkara". It remained a relatively insignificant settlement until the early 18th century.

The present-day city owes its foundation to the grand vizier and son-in-law of the Sultan Ahmed III, Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha who was born in Muşkara and therefore took a great interest in its construction as a city. The small village with only 18 houses, formerly under the administration of the kaza of Ürgüp, was rapidly transformed with the building of mosques (the Kurṣunlu Mosque), fountains, schools, soup kitchens, inns and bath houses, and its name was changed from Muşkara to "Nevşehir" (meaning New City in Persian and Ottoman Turkish).

Nevşehir today

The city is located at a distance of 290 km (180 mi) from the capital Ankara, and is within the historical region of Cappadocia.

The traditional main sources of income of the city, carpet weaving and viticulture have been overtaken by tourism, because of its proximity to the underground shelters, the fairy chimneys, monasteries, caravanserais and the famous rock-hewn churches of Göreme.

Climate

Nevşehir has a mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb), with cool and snowy winters and warm and dry summers. Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn.

Sports

A multiday track running ultramarathon of desert concept, called Runfire Cappadocia Ultramarathon, is held since 2012 annually in July. The race tours 244 km (152 mi) in six days through several historic places across Cappadocia reaching out to Lake Tuz.^[6]

Notes

References

• Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Nevşehir, Turkey". Retrieved 2008-04-12. 
• Kenthaber.com. "General information on Nevşehir, Turkey" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-04-12. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nevşehir.

• Nevşehir and Ürgüp Avanos Göreme Uçhisar website (Turkish)
• Nevşehir governor's official website (Turkish)
  • Map of Nevşehir district
• Nevşehir municipality's official website (Turkish)
• Nevşehir (Turkish)
• Administrative map of Nevşehir district (Turkish)

v t e Nevşehir in Nevşehir Province of Turkey Central district(s) Nevşehir Other districts Acıgöl Avanos Derinkuyu Gülşehir Hacıbektaş Kozaklı Ürgüp List of Provinces by Region Istanbul Istanbul Western Marmara Balıkesir Çanakkale Edirne Kırklareli Tekirdağ Aegean Afyonkarahisar Aydın Denizli İzmir Kütahya Manisa Muğla Uşak Eastern Marmara Bilecik Bolu Bursa Düzce Eskişehir Kocaeli Sakarya Yalova Western Anatolia Ankara Karaman Konya Mediterranean Adana Antalya Burdur Hatay Isparta Kahramanmaraş Mersin Osmaniye Central Anatolia Aksaray Kayseri Kırıkkale Kırşehir Nevşehir Niğde Sivas Yozgat Western Black Sea Amasya Bartın Çankırı Çorum Karabük Kastamonu Samsun Sinop Tokat Zonguldak Eastern Black Sea Artvin Giresun Gümüşhane Ordu Rize Trabzon North Eastern Anatolia Ağrı Ardahan Bayburt Erzincan Erzurum Iğdır Kars Central Eastern Anatolia Bingöl Bitlis Elâzığ Hakkâri Malatya Muş Tunceli Van South Eastern Anatolia Adıyaman Batman Diyarbakır Gaziantep Kilis Mardin Siirt Şanlıurfa Şırnak Metropolitan municipalities are bolded.