Nendo Island

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NASA picture of Nendo, the largest of the Santa Cruz Islands

Nendo (or more exactly Nendö) is the largest and most important of the Santa Cruz Islands, located in the Temotu province of the Solomon Islands. The island is also known as Santa Cruz, Ndeni, Nitendi or Ndende. The name Santa Cruz was given to the island in 1595 by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña, who unsuccessfully started a colony there.

Geography

Located at (10°25'12" S. lat., 165°30' E. long.), Nendo is 40 km (25 mi.) long and 22 km (14 mi.) wide. Its land area is 505.5 km² (195 sq. mi.). The highest point on the island is 549 m (1,801 ft.) above sea level.

The two small islands of Malo and Nibanga (also called Tömotu Neo and Tömotu Noi), lie about 1 km (0.6 mi.) distant: Malo to the northwest, Nibanga to the southeast.

Lata, located in the northwestern part of the island, is its chief town and the provincial capital.

Population and languages

Nendo's population is somewhat over 5000. Most indigenous Nendo people are speakers of Natügu, but there are also about 200 speakers of the related Nanggu language (both members of the Reefs – Santa Cruz languages family). Speakers of other Temotu province languages are also present, for example the other Reefs – Santa Cruz language Äiwoo and the Polynesian outlier language Vaeakau-Taumako.

History

Attempting to return to the Solomon Islands, that he had discovered in 1568, Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña in his second trip of 1595, discovered Nendo Island on 8 September 1595, which they named Santa Cruz. Mendaña landed at what they named Graciosa Bay (still its name today), and a settlement was commenced. Relations with local islanders and their chief Malope started well, with food provided and assistance in constructing buildings. However, morale amongst the Spanish was low and sickness (almost certainly malaria) was rife. At that point some soldiers deliberately murdered villagers in order to provoke hostilities and so force the abandonment of the colony, and seditious petitions were signed. Worts events came when Mendaña took action, and at his behest Maestre de Campo Pedro Merino Manrique, leader of the malcontent, was cut down in his presence, and on the same day the Spaniards' best friend, Malope, was murdered by some of Manrique's gang while actually feasting them.[1]

Wracked by internal divisions and an increasing death toll, the settlement began to fall apart. Mendaña himself died on 18 October 1595, leaving his wife Isabel Barreto as heir and governor, her brother Lorenzo Barreto as captain-general. On 30 October, the decision was made to abandon the settlement. When the three ships departed on 18 November 1595, forty-seven people had died in the space of one month, and the first European colony in the South Seas was ended.[2]

Earthquakes

Due to the island’s location along the Ring of Fire, earthquakes are frequent, and range from 4.0 to 8.0. Some major earthquakes happened between 8 and 25 February 2013.[3]

Notes

  1. ↑ Spate, Oskar H.K. The Spanish Lake, Australian National University, (Second Edition 2004) p.188 ISBN 1-920942-17-3
  2. ↑ Estensen, Miriam Terra Australis Incognita; The Spanish Quest for the Mysterious Great South Land, Allen & Unwin, Australia, (2006) p.85. ISBN 1-74175-054-7
  3. ↑ Huge Aftershock Shakes Solomon Islands Again – 10 Feb 2013.

External links

Coordinates: 10°42′36″S 165°49′48″E / 10.710°S 165.830°E / -10.710; 165.830

Solomon Islands Islands of the Solomon Islands by province
Central
Choiseul
Guadalcanal
Isabel
Makira-Ulawa
Malaita
Rennell and Bellona
Temotu
Western
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