Neil Bartlett (chemist)

Neil Bartlett (15 September 1932 – 5 August 2008) was a chemist who specialized in fluorine, and became famous for creating the first noble gas compounds. He taught chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley.

Biography

Neil Bartlett was born on 15 September 1932 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England.^[1] Bartlett's interest in chemistry dated back to an experiment at Heaton Grammar School when he was only twelve years old, in which he prepared "beautiful, well-formed" crystals by reaction of aqueous ammonia with copper sulfate. He explored chemistry by constructing a makeshift lab in his parents’ home using chemicals and glassware he purchased from a local supply store. He went on to attend King's College, University of Durham (which went on to become Newcastle University) in the United Kingdom where he obtained a Bachelor of Science (1954) and then a doctorate (1958).

In 1958 Bartlett's career began upon being appointed a lecturer in chemistry at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada where he would ultimately reach the rank of full professor. During his time at the university he made his seminal discovery that noble gases were indeed reactive enough to form bonds. He remained there until 1966, when he moved to Princeton University as a professor of chemistry and a member of the research staff at Bell Laboratories. He then went on to join the chemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley in 1969 as a professor of chemistry until his retirement in 1993. He was also a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 1969 to 1999. In 2000 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He died on August 5, 2008 of a ruptured aortic aneurysm.

Research

Bartlett's main speciality was the chemistry of fluorine and of compounds containing fluorine. In 1962, Bartlett prepared one of the first noble gas compounds, xenon hexafluoroplatinate, Xe⁺[PtF₆]⁻. This contradicted established models of the nature of valency, as it was believed that all noble gases were entirely inert to chemical combination. He subsequently produced and reproduced several other fluorides of xenon: XeF₂, XeF₄, and XeF₆.

Honors

In 1968 he was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal. In 1973 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (United Kingdom). In 1976 he received the Welch Award in Chemistry for his synthesis of chemical compounds of noble gases and the consequent opening of broad new fields of research in the inorganic chemistry. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977.^[2] In 1979 he was honored as a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the prestigious Davy Medal in 2002 for his discovery that the noble gases were not that noble after all. Previous recipients of the Davy Medal had included people as diverse as Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, the inventor of the Bunsen burner, and Albert Ladenburg, who suggested the existence of the compound prismane. In 2006 research into the reactivity of noble gases was designated jointly by the American Chemical Society and the Canadian Society for Chemistry (CSC) as an International Historic Chemical Landmark at the University of British Columbia in recognition of its significance to the scientific understanding of the chemical bond.^[1]

Hospitalization

On January 1963, Bartlett was taken to the hospital as while visiting his graduate student P. R. Rao, who thought to have made the first XeF₂ crystals, the compound exploded getting shards of glass in both men eyes. According to Bartlett, he thought that the compound may have contained water molecules, and he as well as student took off their glasses to get a better look. They were both taken to the hospital for four weeks, and Bartlett was left blind in one eye. The last piece of glass was removed from this accident 27 years later.^[3]

References

Further reading

• Christe, Karl O. (2008). "Obituary: Neil Bartlett (1932–2008)". Nature 455 (7210): 182. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..182C. doi:10.1038/455182a. PMID 18784717. 

External links

• "Biography of Neil Bartlett". University of California, Berkeley. 
• "MSU Gallery of Chemists' Photo-Portraits and Mini-Biographies: Neil Bartlett". Michigan State University.