National Intelligencer

The National Intelligencer newspaper published in Washington, D.C. from about 1800 until 1870.

Until 1810 it was named the National intelligencer, and Washington advertiser. Its name changed to the National Intelligencer starting with the issue of November 27, 1810. ^[1] The newspaper was published daily from 1813 to 1867 as the Daily National Intelligencer and was the dominant newspaper of the capital.^[2]

Samuel Harrison Smith, a prominent newspaperman, was an early proprietor. In 1810 Joseph Gales took over as sole proprietor. He and William Winston Seaton were its publishers for more than 50 years.

At first, Gales was the Senate's sole reporter, and Seaton reported on the House of Representatives. The Intelligencer supported the Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe administrations, and Gales and Seaton were selected as the official printers of Congress from 1819 to 1829. In addition to printing government documents, they began compiling their reports of floor debates and publishing them in the Register of Debates, a forerunner of the Congressional Record. Gales and Seaton flourished during the "Era of Good Feelings," a period of relative political complacency, but after Congress was split between the Whigs and Democrats, the partners lost their official patronage. From the 1830s to the 1850s, the National Intelligencer was one of the nation's leading Whig newspapers, and continued to hold conservative, unionist principles down to the Civil War, supporting John Bell and the Constitutional Union Party in the 1860 presidential election. Gales died in 1860 and Seaton retired in 1864.^[3]

James Clarke Welling, who became President of Columbian University, served on the editorial staff during the Civil War.^[4]

In 1865 the National Intelligencer was taken over by Snow, Coyle & Co. John F. Coyle had been an employee at the paper's offices, and continued to publish the paper despite a half million dollars' worth of debts. On 30 November 1869 the statistician and economist Alexander del Mar bought the paper for cash and merged it with the Washington Express. The short-lived Daily National Intelligencer and Washington Express's last daily publication in Washington was 10 January 1870. Thereafter it was published weekly in New York until at least April 1871.^[5] It later became the New York daily City and National Intelligencer with del Mar as editor and publisher, and a circulation of about 2,000 in 1872. ^[6]

Successor newspapers in terms of preeminence in the latter part of the 19th century in the city were The Washington Star (1852 to 1981) and The Washington Post (established, 1877).

References

1. ↑ "Eighteenth-Century American Newspapers in the Library of Congress". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
2. ↑ "http://bingaman.senate.gov/features/students/juniorhigh/burning.cfm". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-01-17. "The National Intelligencer began in 1800. Thirteen years later, it became the Daily National Intelligencer and was the primary Capitol Hill news source for many years." 
3. ↑ "Biography of Joseph Gales, Jr.". U.S. Senate. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
4. ↑ Hagner, A.B. (1894) Memorial of James Clarke Welling. Historical Society of Washington, D.C. p. 47
5. ↑ Husdon, Frederic (1873). Journalism in the United States from 1690 to 1872 (reprint, Kessinger Publishing, 2005 ed.). New York: Harper & Bros. pp. 258–9. ISBN 978-1-4179-5347-9. 
6. ↑ American Newspaper Directory, 1872. New York (NY): Geo. P. Rowell. 1872. p. 518. 

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