Nanosiren

Nanosiren garciae is an extinct sirenian mammal, a pigmy, tusked sea cow of the family Dugongidae, genus Nanosiren, living in warm shallow seas approximately 11.610—3.6 Ma during the Miocene, existing approximately 8.01 million years.^[1] It is evolutionarily related to modern species of manatees and dugongs. The species is listed in the Paleobiology Database, funded by the Australian Research Council.^[2]

In their book, Ecology and Conservation of the Sirenia: Dugongs and Manatees, authors Helena Marsh, Thomas J. O'Shea and John E. Reynolds, III, describe the evolution of Nanosiren garciae from the Crenatosiren lineage, and argue that their small size allowed them access to very shallow water unavailable to larger sea mammals.^[3]

Taxonomy

Nanosiren garciae was named by Domning and Aguilera (2008). Its name was attributed to Domning, not Domning and Aguilera. Its type is Nanosiren garciae. It was assigned to Dugonginae by Domning and Aguilera (2008). The full taxonomy of Nanosiren garciae can be found in the Taxonomicon.^[4]

Description

Sirenians, also called sea cows, are an almost extinct group of aquatic, herbivorous mammals. Sirenians diverged from related ungulate (hooved) mammals early in the Paleogene.^[5] Currently, there are four existing sirenian species - three manatee species and one dugong species. All are gentle herbivores inhabiting coasts and rivers. Though completely aquatic, they are only distantly related to cetaceans and pinnipeds. Their closest living relatives are modern elephants.

Nanosiren garciae, an extinct sirenian, was classified and named in 2008 based on fossils uncovered from the Bone Valley Formation near Tampa, Florida.^[6] It is the smallest known post-Eocene sirenian, with body lengths of about 2 meters and weighing about 150 kg. Newborn nanosirens may have weighed only 6.8 kg. Its small size gave rise to the naming of its genus as Nanosiren, from the Greek for a "dwarf siren". These mammals were of shallow draft and possessed small, conical tusks, suggesting they foraged in shallower waters than their dugong relatives. Nanosiren likely fed on smaller seagrasses near shorelines.^[7] They thrived approximately 5 million years ago during the Hemphillian age.

A map of locations where fossils of Nanosiren garciae have been uncovered, ranging from Chile and Peru in South America to the United States, can be found at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.^[8]

The species was described and named by Daryl P. Domning of Howard University and Orangel A. Aguilera of the Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Venezuela in 2008.^[9] The name was chosen to commemorate famed Florida paleontologist Frank A. Garcia, who uncovered many fossil samples of the extinct mammal from the Bone Valley phosphate mines in Central Florida.

The extinct creature has been included in an artificial pet game called Magistream.^[10]

Related species

• Dugong
• Steller's sea cow
• Manatee

See also

• List of Extinct Mammals

Notes

1. ↑ Daryl P. Domning and Orangel A. Aguilera, Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(2):479-500. 2008
2. ↑ Domning & Aguilera. "Nanosiren". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Retrieved March 17, 2013. 
3. ↑ Marsh, O'Shea and Reynolds, III (2012). Ecology and Conservation of the Sirenia: Dugongs and Manatees. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-521-88828-8. 
4. ↑ "Nanosiren garciae". Taxonomicon. Retrieved March 17, 2013. 
5. ↑ The Fossil Vertebrates of Florida, ed. Richard C. Hulbert, Jr., University Press of Florida, 2001, p.322
6. ↑ Domning & Aguilera
7. ↑ Id.
8. ↑ GBIF. "Occurrence Overview, Nanosiren". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved March 17, 2013. 
9. ↑ Id.
10. ↑ "Magistream". Articifial Pet Game. Retrieved March 17, 2013.