Mykines

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For other uses, see Mykines (disambiguation).
Mykines
Island
Mykines seen from the east (Sørvágur) in October
Location within the Faroe Islands
Coordinates: 62°06′N 7°36′W / 62.100°N 7.600°W / 62.100; -7.600Coordinates: 62°06′N 7°36′W / 62.100°N 7.600°W / 62.100; -7.600
State  Kingdom of Denmark
Constituent country  Faroe Islands
Area
 • Total 10 km2 (4 sq mi)
Highest elevation 560 m (1,840 ft)
Population (1 January 2012)
 • Total 14
 • Density 1.4/km2 (3.6/sq mi)
Time zone GMT (UTC+0)
 • Summer (DST) EST (UTC+1)
Calling code 298

Mykines (Danish: Myggenæs) is the westernmost of the 18 main islands of the Faroe Archipelago.

It lies west of 7.5 degrees W, effectively putting it in the UTC-1 region. However, Mykines uses Greenwich Mean Time like the rest of the Faroes. The only settlement on the island is also called Mykines.

Description

On the northern side of the island is the valley Korkadalur, where there are great columns of basalt, called the Stone-wood. To the west of Mykines is the 1 km long islet Mykineshólmur, with several sea stacks clustered at its western end, where a lighthouse was built in 1909. A 40 m long footbridge connects its eastern end with Mykines.

Geology

A May morning in Mykines
Map of Mykines
Mykines

Mykines belongs to the oldest part of the Faroe Islands and was formed about 60 million years ago. The Faroese basalt is divided into three phases of eruption, the lower and oldest, the middle, and the upper and youngest; the lowest formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava through long fissures, forming flat volcanoes. In the sound between Mykines and Mykineshólmur, Holmgjogv, one can see one of the most copious such flows on the Faroes, with a depth of about 50 m. The interspersed layers of softer volcanic tuff between the layers of basalt are differentially eroded, so forming, especially on the steep northern side of the islet, some of the richest bird cliffs in the world.

Flora and fauna

Mountain Hares (Lepus timidus) have been introduced, and inhabit the mountain area and surrounding valleys. The Mykines House Mouse (Mus musculus mykinessiensis) is endemic for Mykines, and this might suggest an early introduction, maybe as early as in the 6th century by the Irish monks, who cultivated this island. Its closest relative was the now extinct St Kilda House Mouse (Mus musculus muralis).

Important Bird Area

Large numbers of puffins and gannets inhabit Mykines and Mykineshólmur. On the rocks at the waters edge there are colonies of cormorants while the eroded tuff layers in the cliffs make perfect nesting ledges for guillemots and Razorbills. On the grassy slopes above the bird cliffs, thousands of puffins have their burrows, and their guano fertilizes the slopes.

Mykines, including Mykineshólmur, has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for seabirds, especially Northern Fulmars (50,000 pairs), Manx Shearwaters (2500 pairs), European Storm Petrels (50,000 pairs), Northern Gannets (200 pairs), European Shags (250 pairs), Black-legged Kittiwakes (23,000 Pairs), Atlantic Puffins (125,000 pairs), Common Guillemots (9500 individuals) and Black Guillemots (200 pairs).[1]

History

It has been suggested that the name Mykines is pre-Norse in origin, coming from muc-innis, a Celtic term for pig island. This may be a reference to whales, which are known as muc-mhara (Sea sows) in Gaelic.

  • 625 - pollen analysis indicates oats and barley were grown on Mykines, possibly by early settlers such as monks and hermits
  • 1592 - Peter Claussøn Friis, a Norwegian priest, described the Faroese mouse as a distinct species, and the Mykines mouse as a subgroup having especially long powerful hind legs
  • 1595 - (approx) on 25 April, fifty boats were shipwrecked in a sudden storm and all the working men of Mykines lost their lives (estimated 200 to 300 men)
  • 1667 - Dutch ship "Walcheren" was wrecked on Mykines and the islanders gained goods from the ship
  • 1909 - building of the Lighthouse on Mykines Holm and construction of the first bridge over Holmgjogv, the narrow strait between Mykines and Mykines Holm
  • 1928 - radio beacons were installed at Nólsoy and Mykines lighthouses, making radio navigation possible for the first time, and Mykines got a telephone connection to the outside world
  • 1942 - in spring British forces completed a radar station.
  • 1953 - the second bridge over Holm Gjogv was built
  • 1970 - flight from Bergen to Vágar Airport crashed in bad weather on Mykines on 26 September. Eight of the 34 passengers lost their lives, and the badly wounded were airlifted away by helicopter. A marble memorial was placed in the Church.
  • 1970 - Mykines lighthouse was automated and the last man moved from the Holm, which had been occupied continuously from 1909 by a varying population of up to 22 people (including children).
  • 1989 - the third bridge between Mykines and Mykineshólmur came into use in June

Population

The population of the island declined over the 20th century, with 11 permanent residents of Mykines village in 2004; the oldest inhabitant was 75 and the youngest six years old. Although there are 40 houses in the village, only six are inhabited year-round. Earlier Mykines was one of the largest villages in the Faroes, with a population of 170 people in 1940. From 1911 to 2004 Mykines was a separate community but in 2005 it merged administratively with Sørvagur kommune. Famous people from Mykines include painter Sámal Joensen-Mikines (1906-1979).

Population of Mykines from 1769
Year Population
1769 61
1870 114
1890 154
1925 179
1940 170
2004 11

See also

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Mykines and Mykineshólmur. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 2012-02-23.

Further reading

  • Christiansen, Hans T., and Björn Sörensen. Mykines discover the Faroe Islands. Stockholm: Informationsgruppen AB, 1988. ISBN 91-86004-76-X

External links

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