Mukhammas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mukhammas (Arabic مخمس 'fivefold') refers to a type of Persian or Urdu cinquain or pentastich with Sufi connections based on a pentameter.

It is one of the more popular verse forms in Tajik Badakhshan, occurring both in madoh and in other performance-genres.[1]

Details of the form

The mukhammas represents a stanza of two distichs and a hemistich in monorhyme, the fifth line being the “bob” or burden: each succeeding stanza affects a new rhyme, except in the fifth line, e.g., aaaab + ccccb + ddddb and so forth.

Every stanza of a mukhammas includes five lines.

  • In the first stanza, all five lines rhyme.
  • In the later stanzas, the first four lines rhyme, but the fifth line breaks the rhyme. It can be repeated, or else its rhyme can be that of the first stanza.[2]

Themes

A recurrent theme of the mukhammas is praise of Imam Ali and his companions but other themes also occur.

Poets

Many Urdu poets have contributed to the mukhammas. The important among them include:

Poets who have written the mukhammas in other languages include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://thepoetsgarret.com/quintet/limerick.html
  2. ↑ terms_index
  3. ↑ Azeri Literature
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.