Muhammad ibn Suri

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Muhammad ibn Suri
Malik of the Ghurid dynasty

Image of Muhammad (the white haired man) along with his men
Reign ???–1011
Birthplace Ghor
Died 1011
Successor Abu Ali ibn Muhammad
Royal House Ghurid
Father Suri
Religious beliefs Islam

Muhammad ibn Suri (Persian: محمد بن سوری, died 1011) was the first king of the Ghurid dynasty. During his reign, he was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni and his domains were conquered. According to Minhaju-S Siraj, Muhammad was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Muhammad died by poisoning himself.[1] Mandesh is the historical name by which the mountain region of Ghor was called .[2] The whole population of Ghuristan was taught the precepts of Islam and converted from Hinduism and Mahayan Buddhism to Islam. Muhammad of Ghori later avenged his ancestor by systematically destroying and killing Ghazni's descendants in Ghazni and Lahore[citation needed].

“ It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.[3] ”

History

The region was governed under a Malik named Suri and the population was not yet converted to Islam.[2]

“ His son Muhammad who was attacked by Mahmud Ghaznawi is also stated in the Rauzat al Safa to still been a pagan despite his name, and Al Otbi calls him a Hindu. Mahmud took his stronghold in the year 400 (1009) and carried the chief into captivity , where he is said to have poisoned himself . His son Abu Ali was put in his place by Mahmud , no doubt had embraced Islam, and is said to have built Masjids. Nevertheless he was seized and imprisoned by his nephew Abbas, after Massud had succeeded to the throne of Ghazana.[4] ”

Muhammad has also been referred to as Ibn I Suri,

“ It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muhammadan. Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn –I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Hindu by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan [5] ”

See also

References

  1. ↑ The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 286
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 7 By Martijn Theodoor Houtsma Page 161
  3. ↑ The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284
  4. ↑ E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 7 By Martijn Theodoor
  5. ↑ The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12 ISBN 81-206-1586-7, ISBN 978-81-206-1586-1

Sources

  • C. Edmund, Bosworth (2001). "GHURIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Retrieved 5 January 2014. 
  • Frye, R.N. (1975). "The Ghaznavids and Ghūrids". In Frye, R.N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Iranian world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–165. ISBN 0-521-20093-8. 
Preceded by
 Malik of the Ghurid dynasty
???–1011 		Succeeded by
Abu Ali ibn Muhammad
Ghur Branch (1011–1215)
Bamiyan Branch (1152–1215)
  • Fakhr al-Din Masud
  • Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Fakhr
  • Baha al-Din Sam II
  • Jalal al-Din Ali
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