Morningness-eveningness questionnaire

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The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is a self-assessment questionnaire originated by Horne and Ostberg in 1976,^[1] which has been measured and validated against circadian rhythm variation of oral temperature. Its main purpose is to measure whether a person's peak sleepiness and alertness is in the morning versus evening. The original published study on the MEQ ^[1] showed that the peak time of day subjects associated with correlated with a higher body temperature: Morning types had a higher peak oral temperature in the morning, and Evening types had a higher peak temperature in the evening, with the intermediate types having temperatures between the two groups. The MEQ is widely used in many areas of psychological and medical research, and has been cited more than 1500 times.^[2]

MEQ questions

Example Questions from the MEQ

1. What time would you get up if you were entirely free to plan your day?
7. During the first half-hour after you wake up in the morning, how tired do you feel?
12. If you got into bed at 11:00 PM, how tired would you be?

The MEQ consists of 19 multiple-choice questions, with each question having four response options. Several example questions are shown in the inset table. Responses to the questions are combined to form a composite score which indicates the degree to which the respondent favors morning versus evening.

Related research

Song and Stough showed 'morningness' participants performed worse in the morning on the MAB-IQ & IT task, and same for the 'eveningness' participants. Does not support the hypothesis that there is a reliable relationship between morningness-eveningness, time of day & cognitive ability.^[3]

Hur, Bouchard and Lykken studied monozygotic & dizygotic twins, results showed that 54% of variance in morningness-eveningness was due to genetic variability, 3% was due to age, and the rest was explained by non-shared environmental influences & errors in measurement.^[4]

Diaz-Morales and Sanchez-Lopez examined the relationship between morningness and anxiety in adults aged 40–63. They found a negative correlation between morningness and anxiety in women, but not in men. These results suggest gender-related variables may be attributed to morningness and eveningness when looking at anxiety.^[5]

References

↑ 1.0 1.1 Horne, J. A., & Ostberg, O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology, 4(2), 97-110.
↑ http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=horne+ostberg+1976
↑ Song, J., & Stough, C. (2000). The relationship between morningness-eveningness, time-of-day, speed of information processing and intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 1179-1190.
↑ Hur, Y. M., Bouchard, T. J., & Lykken, D. T. (1997). Genetic and environmental influence on morningness-eveningness. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 917-925.
↑ Diaz-Morales, J. F., & Sanchez-Lopez, M. P. (2008). Morningness-eveningness and anxiety among adults: A matter of sex/gender?. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1391-1401.

v t e Neuropsychological tests

Battery	Cognistat Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery Montreal Cognitive Assessment Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status

Arousal/Attention	Continuous Performance Task Four boxes test Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test Posner cueing task Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Test of everyday attention Test of Variables of Attention

Sensation/Perception	Bender-Gestalt Test Benton Visual Retention Test Dot cancellation test Navon figure Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure

Memory	1-2-AX working memory task California Verbal Learning Test Digit symbol substitution test Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Wechsler Memory Scale

Language	Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Boston Naming Test Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) Thurstone Word Fluency Test Token Test

Motor	Compensatory tracking task Purdue Pegboard Test

Problem-solving	Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Hayling and Brixton tests Tower of London-Drexel University (TOL^dx) Trail Making Test Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)

Sleep	Epworth Sleepiness Scale Morningness-eveningness questionnaire

Specific impairments	British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory Clinical Dementia Rating Digit Cancellation Test Disability Rating Scale Florida Cognitive Activities Scale General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition Glasgow Coma Scale Glasgow Outcome Scale MCI Screen Mini–mental state examination Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire

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