Mindfulness-based stress reduction

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Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a behavioral medicine program devised by Jon Kabat-Zinn that uses the psychological concept of mindfulness to help people cope better and be more at ease in their life.[1] It is thought to have potential for helping people cope with stress and chronic illness, and research has shown it having a useful effect. While MBSR has its roots in spiritual teachings, the program itself is secular.[2]

Overview

MBSR has been described as "a group program that focuses upon the progressive acquisition of mindful awareness, of mindfulness".[3] People enrolled in a MBSR program practice various meditation techniques, including those focussed on breathing and body awareness.[1]

According to Jon Kabat-Zinn, the program's inventor, the basis of MBSR is mindfulness, which he defined as "moment-to-moment, non-judgmental awareness" in an introductory presentation he gave on MBSR.[4]

Evaluation of effectiveness

That is no evidence that MSBR has any long-term benefit for helping people with fibromyalgia, and only low-quality evidence that it has a short term benefit.[5]

A 2011 meta-analysis of MBSR trials found it to be a "useful method for improving mental health and reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression" and recommended it as means of improving the quality of life for patients managing disease. The authors suggested that the experience of the MBSR practitioner had a significant impact on an MBSR course's effectiveness, and noted that the course developers recommend several years of training.[6]

A 2010 meta-analysis on the effect of MBSR on the mental health of patients with chronic illness found that it had a small effect on their depressions and psychological distress.[7]

A 2009 meta-analysis of MBSR trials conducted with healthy people found that: "MBSR showed a nonspecific effect on stress reduction in comparison to an inactive control, both in reducing stress and in enhancing spirituality values, and a possible specific effect compared to an intervention designed to be structurally equivalent to the meditation program. A direct comparison study between MBSR and standard relaxation training found that both treatments were equally able to reduce stress. Furthermore, MBSR was able to reduce ruminative thinking and trait anxiety, as well as to increase empathy and self-compassion. However, important limitations of the included studies as well as the paucity of evidence about possible specific effects of MBSR in comparison to other nonspecific treatments underline the necessity of further research." [8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Meditation". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved April 2013. 
  2. ↑ Greeson, Jeffrey M.; Webber, Daniel M.; Smoski, Moria J.; Brantley, Jeffrey G.; Ekblad, Andrew G.; Suarez, Edward C.; Wolever, Ruth Quillian (2011). "Changes in spirituality partly explain health-related quality of life outcomes after Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction". Journal of Behavioral Medicine 34 (6): 508–18. doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9332-x. PMC 3151546. PMID 21360283. 
  3. ↑ Grossman, P; Niemann, L; Schmidt, S; Walach, H (2010). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 8 (4): 500. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb04008.x. 
  4. ↑ Mindfulness Stress Reduction And Healing on YouTube
  5. ↑ Lauche R, Cramer H, Dobos G, Langhorst J, Schmidt S (December 2013). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of mindfulness-based stress reduction for the fibromyalgia syndrome". J Psychosom Res (Systematic review) 75 (6): 500–10. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.10.010. PMID 24290038. 
  6. ↑ Fjorback, L. O.; Arendt, M.; Ørnbøl, E.; Fink, P.; Walach, H. (2011). "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy - a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 124 (2): 102–19. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01704.x. PMID 21534932. 
  7. ↑ Bohlmeijer, Ernst; Prenger, Rilana; Taal, Erik; Cuijpers, Pim (2010). "The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: A meta-analysis". Journal of Psychosomatic Research 68 (6): 539–44. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.005. PMID 20488270. 
  8. ↑ Chiesa, Alberto; Seretti, Alessandro (2009). "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Stress Management in Healthy People: A Review and Meta-Analysis". THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 15 (5): 593–600. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0495. 

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