Mimotope

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A mimotope is a macromolecule, often a peptide, which mimics the structure of an epitope. Because of this property it causes an antibody response similar to the one elicited by the epitope. An antibody for a given epitope antigen will recognize a mimotope which mimics that epitope. Mimotopes are commonly obtained from phage display libraries through biopanning. Vaccines utilizing mimotopes are being developed.

When the term mimotope was first coined by Mario Geysen in 1986,[1] it was used to describe peptides mimicking epitope. However, this concept has been extended to refer peptide mimic of all types of binding sites. As the mimic of binding site, mimotope analysis has been widely used in mapping epitopes,[2] identifying drug target and inferring protein interaction networks.[3][4] Furthermore, mimotope has also shown its potential in the development of new diagnostics,[5] therapeutics [6] and vaccines.[7] In addition, special affinities mediated by mimotopes to various semiconductors and other materials have shown very encouraging promise in new material and new energy studies.[8] Gathering information on mimotopes into a special database therefore deserves. In 2010, the MimoDB database version 1.0 was released.[9] It had 10716 peptides grouped into 1229 sets. These peptides were extracted from biopanning results of phage-displayed random peptide libraries reported in 571 papers. The MimoDB database has been updated to the current version 2.0 very recently.[10] In version 2.0, it has 15633 peptides collected from 849 papers and grouped into 1818 sets. Besides the core data on panning experiments and their results, broad background information on target, template, library and structure is included. An accompanied benchmark has also been compiled for bioinformaticians to develop and evaluate their new models, algorithms and programs. In addition, the MimoDB database provides tools for simple and advanced searches, structure visualization, BLAST and alignment view on the fly. The experimental biologists can easily use the database as a virtual control to exclude possible target-unrelated peptides. The MimoDB database [11] is freely available.

References

  1. ↑ Geysen, HM; Rodda, SJ, Mason, TJ (July 1986). "A priori delineation of a peptide which mimics a discontinuous antigenic determinant.". Molecular immunology 23 (7): 709–15. PMID 2432410. 
  2. ↑ Smith, GP; Petrenko, VA (1997-04-01). "Phage Display.". Chemical reviews 97 (2): 391–410. doi:10.1021/cr960065d. PMID 11848876. 
  3. ↑ Tong, AH; Drees, B, Nardelli, G, Bader, GD, Brannetti, B, Castagnoli, L, Evangelista, M, Ferracuti, S, Nelson, B, Paoluzi, S, Quondam, M, Zucconi, A, Hogue, CW, Fields, S, Boone, C, Cesareni, G (2002-01-11). "A combined experimental and computational strategy to define protein interaction networks for peptide recognition modules.". Science 295 (5553): 321–4. doi:10.1126/science.1064987. PMID 11743162. 
  4. ↑ Thom, G; Cockroft, AC, Buchanan, AG, Candotti, CJ, Cohen, ES, Lowne, D, Monk, P, Shorrock-Hart, CP, Jermutus, L, Minter, RR (2006-05-16). "Probing a protein-protein interaction by in vitro evolution.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (20): 7619–24. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602341103. PMC 1458619. PMID 16684878. 
  5. ↑ Hsiung, PL; Hardy, J, Friedland, S, Soetikno, R, Du, CB, Wu, AP, Sahbaie, P, Crawford, JM, Lowe, AW, Contag, CH, Wang, TD (April 2008). "Detection of colonic dysplasia in vivo using a targeted heptapeptide and confocal microendoscopy.". Nature Medicine 14 (4): 454–8. doi:10.1038/nm1692. PMID 18345013. 
  6. ↑ Macdougall, IC; Rossert, J, Casadevall, N, Stead, RB, Duliege, AM, Froissart, M, Eckardt, KU (2009-11-05). "A peptide-based erythropoietin-receptor agonist for pure red-cell aplasia.". The New England Journal of Medicine 361 (19): 1848–55. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa074037. PMID 19890127. 
  7. ↑ Knittelfelder, R; Riemer, AB, Jensen-Jarolim, E (April 2009). "Mimotope vaccination--from allergy to cancer.". Expert opinion on biological therapy 9 (4): 493–506. doi:10.1517/14712590902870386. PMC 3049225. PMID 19344285. 
  8. ↑ Lee, YJ; Yi, H, Kim, WJ, Kang, K, Yun, DS, Strano, MS, Ceder, G, Belcher, AM (2009-05-22). "Fabricating genetically engineered high-power lithium-ion batteries using multiple virus genes.". Science 324 (5930): 1051–5. doi:10.1126/science.1171541. PMID 19342549. 
  9. ↑ Ru, B; Huang, J, Dai, P, Li, S, Xia, Z, Ding, H, Lin, H, Guo, F, Wang, X (2010-11-15). "MimoDB: a new repository for mimotope data derived from phage display technology.". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 15 (11): 8279–88. doi:10.3390/molecules15118279. PMID 21079566. 
  10. ↑ Huang, J; Ru, B, Zhu, P, Nie, F, Yang, J, Wang, X, Dai, P, Lin, H, Guo, FB, Rao, N (2011-11-03). "MimoDB 2.0: a mimotope database and beyond.". Nucleic Acids Research 40 (1): D271–7. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr922. PMC 3245166. PMID 22053087. 
  11. ↑ "The MimoDB database". 
Immunology: Lymphocytic adaptive immune system and complement
Lymphoid
Antigens
Antibodies
Immunity vs.
tolerance
Lymphocytes
Substances
Complement

M: LMC

cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc

imdf/ipig/hyps/tumr

proc, drug (L3/4)


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