Mikonosuke Kawaishi
Mikinosuke Kawaishi (川石 造酒之助 Kawaishi Mikinosuke, born 1899–1969) was a Japanese master of judo and jujutsu who achieved the rank of 7th Dan. His first name is often erroneously transcribed, particularly in France, as Mikonosuke instead of Mikinosuke. He led the development of judo in France and much of Europe and is credited with introducing the colored belt system for differentiating early grades. The Fédération Française posthumously awarded him 10th Dan in judo and jujutsu .
Biography
Kawaishi was born in Kyoto in 1899 and having studied judo and jujutsu at the Dai Nippon Butokukai (Greater Japan Association of Martial Virtue). He left Japan in the mid-1920s to travel and see the world and began by touring the United States of America, teaching jujitsu particularly in New York and San Diego. By 1928 he had arrived in the United Kingdom and soon established a school in Liverpool and with his close friend Gunji Koizumi. Koizumi was nearly 10 years his senior and was well established in the UK having formed the London Budokwai Club and a school at Oxford University. In 1931, he moved to London where he founded the Anglo-Japanese Judo Club and also began teaching judo at Oxford University with Kouzumi.
With the Asian martial arts still relatively new to England, he was forced to supplement his meager earnings as a teacher by becoming a professional wrestler with the stage name of "Matsuda". In that latter part of 1931 he returned to Japan for a short time, and it was during this trip that he renewed his association with Jigoro Kano, who awarded him with a third Dan in Kodokan Judo. In 1936, then a Kano fourth Dan, Kawaishi moved to Paris where he was commissioned to teach jujutsu to the French Police. It was at this time, that he opened the first public school of jujutsu in the Latin Quarters of Paris.
Attempting to return to Japan as World War II loomed, Kawaishi was imprisoned in Manchuria. Following the end of the war and his subsequent release, he returned to Paris to continue with his teaching.
In 1947 Kawaishi joined forces with Koizumi to promote the first ever-recorded Judo International tournament between two countries (UK and France). This became known as the Kawaishi Cup, with the medal bearing his name being awarded to the division winners only. With Moshé Feldenkrais he founded the French Federation of Judo in the 1946, becoming the technical director for many years. Kawaishi died on the January 30, 1969, and his body was laid to rest in Plessis-Robinson, Paris.
Bibliography
- Michel Brousse, Les racines du judo français. Histoire d'une culture sportive, Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, n° 401, 2005 — ISBN|2-867-81368-9
- Beginning Jiu-jitsu: Ryoi Shinto Style, James G Shortt and Katsuharu Hashimoto, 1979.
- My Method of Judo, Mikonosuke Kawaishi
- My Method of Self Defence, Mikonosuke Kawaishi
- The Seven Katas of Judo, Mikonosuke Kawaishi
- Standing Judo: The Combinations and Counter-attacks, Mikonosuke Kawaishi, 1963.
- 'Judo in France' by Henri Plee, in A Complete Guide to Judo: Its Story and Practice, ed. Robert W. Smith.
- Martial Arts: History, Tradition and People, John Corcoran and Emil Farkas.