Mihrabanids

Mihrabanid dynasty
Kingdom
← 1236–1537 →
Map of the Mihrabanid dynasty
Capital		Zaranj
Languages		Persian
Religion		Sunni Islam
Political structure		Kingdom
Malik
-	1236–1255	Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Mas'ud
-	c. 1495-c. 1537	Sultan Mahmud ibn Nizam al-Din Yahya
Historical era		Middle Ages
-	Established	1236
-	Disestablished	1537

History of Iran
ANCIENT PERIOD
Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 BCE
Elam 2700–539 BCE
Mannaeans 850–616 BCE
IMPERIAL PERIOD
Median Empire 678–550 BCE
(Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BCE)
Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BCE
Atropatene 320s BC – 3rd century AD
Seleucid Empire 312–63 BCE
Parthian Empire 247 BCE – 224 CE
Sasanian Empire 224–651
MEDIEVAL (EARLY ISLAMIC) PERIOD
Umayyad Caliphate 661–750
Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258
Minor dynasties of northern Iran
Dabuyids 642–760	Bavandids 651–1349
Masmughans of Damavand 651–760	Paduspanids 665–1598
Justanids 791–974
Alids of northern Iran 864–14th century
Iranian Intermezzo 821–1062
Tahirid dynasty 821–873	Samanid dynasty 819–999
Saffarid dynasty 861–1002	Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090
Sallarid dynasty 919–1062	Sajid dynasty 889/890–929
Buyid dynasty 934–1062	Ilyasids 932–968
Ghaznavid Empire 977–1186
Kakuyids 1008–1141
Ghurid dynasty 1011–1215
Nasrids 1029–1236
Great Seljuq Empire 1037–1194
Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231
Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319
Mihrabanids 1236–1537
Kurt dynasty 1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357	Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393
Jalayirid dynasty 1336–1432	Sarbadars 1337–1376
Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504
Timurid Empire 1370–1405
Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468	Timurid dynasty 1405–1507
Agh Qoyunlu 1468–1508	Kia'i dynasty 1389–1592
EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Safavid Empire 1501–1736
(Hotaki dynasty 1722–1729)
Afsharid Empire 1736–1747
Zand dynasty 1760–1794	Afsharid dynasty 1747–1796
Qajar Empire 1796–1925
MODERN PERIOD
Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979
Interim Government 1979–1980
Islamic Republic 1980–present
Related articles  Timeline of Iranian history Economic history Education history Military history Naval history
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History of Greater Iran
Until the rise of modern nation-states
Pre-modern
Pre-Islamic  Prehistory Proto-Elamite civilization 3200–2800 BC Elamite dynasties 2800–550 BC Bactria-Margiana Complex 2200–1700 BC Kingdom of Mannai 10th–7th century BC Median Empire 728 –550 BC Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Seleucid Empire 330–150 BC Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-125 BC Parthian Empire 248–BC 224 CE Kushan Empire 30–275 Sassanid Empire 224–651 Afrighid dynasty 305–995 Hephthalite Empire 425–557 Kabul Shahi kingdom 565–879 Dabuyid dynasty 642–760 Kingdom of Alania 8th-9th century–1238/1239
Islamic  Patriarchal Caliphate 637–651 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Zaydis of Tabaristan 864–928 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Samanid dynasty 819–999 Sajids 889/890–929 Ziyarid dynasty 928–1043 Buyid dynasty 934–1055 Sallarid dynasty 941–1062 Ghaznavid Empire 975–1187 Ghurid dynasty 1149–1212 Seljuq Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Ilkhanate 1256–353 Kartids dynasty 1231–389 Muzaffarid dynasty 1314–1393 Chupanid dynasty 1337–1357 Jalayerid dynasty 1339–1432 Timurid Empire 1370–1506 Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468 Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans 1378–1508 Safavid Empire 1501–1722 Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Hotaki dynasty 1722–1729 Afsharid dynasty 1736–1750 Zand Dynasty 1750–1794 Durrani Empire 1794–1826 Qajar Dynasty 1794–1925

The Mihrabanid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled Sistan (or Nimruz) from 1236 until the mid-16th century. It is the third indigenous Muslim dynasty of Sistan, having been preceded by the Saffarid and Nasrid dynasties.

Overview

Most of what is known about the Mihrabanids comes from two sources. The first, the Tarikh-i Sistan, was completed in the mid-14th century by an anonymous author and covers the first hundred years of the dynasty's history. The other, the Ihya' al-muluk, was written by the 17th century author Malik Shah Husayn ibn Malik Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad and covers the entire history of the Mihrabanids' rule of Sistan.

The Mihrabanids used the title of malik during their rule of Sistan. A malik could inherit the throne or be appointed by the nobles and military commanders. Their capital was generally the city of Shahr-i Sistan. Outside of the capital, the Mihrabanids frequently had problems asserting their authority over the outer towns of the province, and on occasion had to resort to force in order to bring them into line. The maliks often gave control of these towns to other Mihrabanids. Sometimes the Mihrabanids managed to extend their influence beyond Sistan, such as when parts of Quhistan were conquered in the late 13th century.

Ilkhanate vassals

The Mihrabanids were often vassals of their more powerful neighbors. The Mihrabanids assumed control of Sistan in the wake of its subjugation by the Mongols. After the foundation of the Ilkhanate by Hulegu Khan in 1256 the maliks recognized the Ilkhans as their overlords. Under the Ilkhans, Sistan's distance from the capital gave the Mihrabanids a high degree of autonomy. During this time they intermittently fought against the Kartid maliks of Herat, who were also Ilkhanid vassals, and had replaced them in eastern Persia.^[1] By 1289, all of Quhistan had been conquered by the Mihrabanids, with Nasir al-Din Muhammad giving it to his son Shams al-Din 'Ali as an appanage.^[2] After the Ilkhanate's collapse in the mid-14th century the Mihrabanids were independent for almost half a century. This independence was ended by Timur, who invaded Sistan in 1383 and caused extensive devastation to the province. The Mihrabanids henceforth were Timurid vassals until the latter's overthrow by the Shaybanids in the first decade of the 16th century. The last malik of the dynasty decided to recognize the authority of the Safavids, eventually handing over control of Sistan and ending the Mihrabanids' governance of the region.

Both the Mihrabanids and the general population of Sistan were Sunni Muslims. In the early 16th century Malik Sultan Mahmud became a Safavid vassal; as a result certain Shi'i religious practices were introduced, such as the Shi'i call to prayer. This transition was disliked by many of the people of Sistan.^[3]

Mihrabanid maliks

• Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Mas'ud (1236–1255)
• Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1261–1318)
• Nusrat al-Din Muhammad (1318–1330)
• Qutb al-Din Muhammad (1330–1346)
• Taj al-Din ibn Qutb al-Din (1346–1350)
• Jalal al-Din Mahmud (1350–1352)
• 'Izz al-Din ibn Rukn al-Din Mahmud (1352–1380)
• Qutb al-Din ibn 'Izz al-Din (1380–1383)
• Taj al-Din Shah-i Shahan Abu'l Fath (1383–1403)
• Qutb al-Din Muhammad ibn Shams al-Din Shah 'Ali (1403–1419)
• Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Qutb al-Din (1419-1438/9)
• Nizam al-Din Yahya (1438/9-1480)
• Shams al-Din Muhammad (1480-c. 1495)
• Sultan Mahmud ibn Nizam al-Din Yahya (c. 1495-c. 1537)

See also

• Saffarids
• Nasrid dynasty
• History of Afghanistan
• List of Sunni Muslim dynasties

Notes

References

• Bosworth, C.E. The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.