Miguel Ortiz Berrocal

Miguel Ortiz Berrocal (Villanueva de Algaidas, Málaga, 28 September 1933 – Antequera, Málaga, 31 May 2006) was a Spanish figurative and abstract sculptor. He is best known for his puzzle sculptures, which can be disassembled into many abstract pieces. These works are also known for the miniature artworks and jewelry incorporated into or concealed within them, and the ability of some sculptures to be reassembled or reconfigured into different arrangements. Berrocal sculptures span a wide range of physical sizes, ranging from monumental outdoor public works to intricate puzzle sculptures small enough to be worn as pendants, bracelets, or other body ornamentation.

From 1967 to 2004, Berrocal was based in Verona, Italy and in nearby Negrar. where he worked closely with sculptural foundries to produce his art. In 2004 he returned to his native birthplace in Spain, remaining artistically active until his sudden death in 2006. The Fundación Escultor Berrocal (Berrocal Sculpture Foundation) continues to preserve and promote his artwork and legacy, from headquarters in his hometown.

Biography

Education

At a very early age he shows a vocation for art and research. He makes his own toys with recycled material, draws, and paints with colours that he prepares himself. He completes his education in Madrid. A fundamental experience is his first visit to the Prado, to which he returns regularly. He attends the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando and the Escuela de Artes Graficas, and goes to evening classes at the Escuela de Artes y Oficios, where the sculptor Ángel Ferrant becomes his teacher and his friend. He enrolls at the Faculty of Exact Sciences to prepare for the entrance examination for Architecture. He becomes particularly interested in analytical geometry, a decisive choice that subsequently stimulates his artistic creation.

Beginnings as painter and sculptor

In 1952 his first exhibition takes place in Madrid at the Galería Xagra, where he shows drawings of people and landscapes of Algaidas and Madrid, signing with his paternal surname, Ortiz. He is awarded a grant to study in Italy. After visiting the scenes of Roman civilisation, with which he is familiar only through his classical studies, he lives in Rome for several months. There, for the first time, he discovers the work of Picasso—prohibited in Spain at the time—in a major exhibition at the Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna.

In 1954 he goes back to Spain to do his military service. He returns to the Faculty of Exact Sciences and resumes his drawing and sculpture classes. He finds his friend Ferrant, who encourages him and stimulates him to work. He is invited to take part in the XXVII Biennale di Venezia, where he exhibits his drawings in the Spanish Pavilion, still signing as Ortiz.

The award of a grant by the Institut Français in Madrid enables him to travel to Paris in 1955, where he continues his activity as a painter, plunging into the stimulating atmosphere that the city offers him. He frequently sees the sculptors Cárdenas and Giacometti and many others. He returns to Rome, where he meets Afro, Burri, Guerrini and other artists living in Rome. He works for various established architects, and with a group of young companions he prepares an entry for the project for the construction of the Chamber of Commerce in Carrara. For the ornamentation of the facade the twenty-two-year-old Berrocal invents a solution of Balaustradas, a work based on eight modules, with which he obtains a number of permutations and combinations that far exceed his requirement, which is to make each of the balustrades of the building different from all the others.

In 1957 he exhibits his first sculptures in wrought iron at the Galleria La Medusa, in Rome. The works that he produces during the summer in the studio that he rents in Mougins on the Côte d’Azur conclude his cycle of activity as a painter. On this occasion he succeeds in being received by Picasso at La Californie. He returns to Rome and in future concentrates on sculpture. Works made in this period include La Boîte découpée, Sarcophage and Grand Torse, which mark the transition from the analysis of the problem of filled and empty space and the multiplicity of positions of a single sculpture to the problem of the combinatorial possibility of different volumes.

After taking a decision to devote himself exclusively to sculpture, he has a house/studio built in Crespières (near Paris) to a design by Le Corbusier. He has an important first exhibition at the Galleria Apollinaire in Milan, for which he signs his work definitively as Berrocal. Bruno Lorenzelli, a well-known director of an art gallery in Bergamo, becomes his first dealer. Works produced in this period include Torso Benamejí and Torso Her, first made in plaster and wood and then cast in bronze and aluminium respectively.

1962 was a year full of events and important decisions. His exhibitions include shows with Ipoustéguy and Müller in New York at the Albert Loeb Gallery (Loeb henceforth acts as his dealer in the United States) and his important first solo exhibition in Paris at the Galerie Kriegel (Kriegel becomes a very close friend and acts as his dealer in France for many years).

Moves to Italy

On his way to the Biennale di Venezia, in his continual search for foundries he stops at Verona, where he finds a small foundry that is willing to cast his sculptures. Together, they embark on an adventure that is to make Verona and its foundries one of the most important centres for the casting of contemporary art in Europe. In addition to his own work, Berrocal brings the best-known sculptors of the time to Verona, including Miró, Dalí, Magritte, De Chirico, Lalanne, Lam, Matta, Duchamp-Villon, Ipoustéguy, César, Étienne Martin, Peñalba and many others.

His sculptural exploration leads him to experiment constantly with new techniques and materials. Thanks to his scientific training, he succeeds in applying to art technologies previously used only in the most advanced sectors of industry. This is how he begins the experiment of multiple editions this year, making 200 copies of the sculpture María de la O.

In 1964 Berrocal exhibits as a sculptor in the Spanish Pavilion at the XXXII Biennale di Venezia, where the Belgian collector Baron Lambert acquires Mercedes for his collection. Jules Engel makes the film Torch and Torso, the first in an extensive range of films about Berrocal and his work (films and videos have been produced in European, American and Japanese editions), which is presented at the Museum of Modern Art t in New York and receives numerous prizes. During his stay in New York, in Lipchitz’s studio he learns about the Shaw process, a lost wax system for casting in porcelain. Despite considerable difficulties and resistance, after some years he succeeds in importing this technique to Italy and applying it. It revolutionises the world of artistic casting because it permits lost wax casting in bronze, significantly reducing costs and times and guaranteeing high quality and fidelity to the original. He teaches Technique of Materials at the Hochschule für bildende Künste in Hamburg. He selects Thomas as his dealer in Germany and presents his first exhibition in Munich.

The need to find better foundries obliges him to shuttle every week between Paris and Verona, where he decides to settle definitively in 1967. After remaining in the city for a while, he moves to Negrar, where he lived till 2004. His sculpture becomes increasingly complex. The search for a “fourth dimension” becomes evident in Adamo Secundus and David, small works with complex possibilities of disassembly. The sculptures of this period are so successful that in the US they acquire the status of “conversation pieces”.

In 1968 he is made a Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture, André Malraux. German television makes a documentary about Negrar. He exhibits at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, where he meets Henry Moore and Baron Lambert, the first of the considerable number of his devoted Belgian collectors and friends. Colonel Marcel Stal becomes his dealer. Exhibition at the Badischer Kunstverein in Karlsruhe.

The successful series of exhibitions in private galleries begun in 1968 continues (Frankfurt, Geneva, Paris, New York, Milan and Hanover, among others). This year he finally produces Romeo e Giulietta, using the technique of injection casting, which for the first time enables him to make 2000 copies of a sculpture. He uses similar techniques to make Goliath (consisting of 80 pieces) and Richelieu (61 pieces). He works on the book/object Petite Rapsodie de la main, with text by Loys Masson. Important works produced during this period are Sainte Agathe II, Cleopatra and Alfa e Romeo, a work specifically studied as an illustration for Petite Rapsodie de la main. Mini David begins the series of five mini-sculptures produced in quantities of 10,000 copies, using the automatic injection technique, a subtle procedure hitherto used exclusively in industrial manufacture. The Galería Iolas Velasco in Madrid presents his sculptures in Spain for the first time. Various well-known dealers create Multicetera, a company for the distribution of his mini-sculptures. He receives the Gold Medal from the Presidency of the Italian Republic for “Metal as a pure expression of art” at the V Biennale del Metallo in Gubbio.

In 1971 he meets Maria Cristina Blais of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Braganza, who he marries a few years later and who thereafter accompanies him in his life and in his work. They had two sons:

• Carlos Miguel Berrocal of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Braganza (Verona, 1976)
• Beltrán José Berrocal of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Braganza (Verona, 1978)

In 1972 the city of Málaga gives him a commission for a large monument as a tribute to Picasso. In 1976 Monumento a Picasso is exhibited at the Rond-Point of the Champs Élysées in Paris before its definitive placement in Málaga.

In 1973 Berrocal represents Spain at the XXII Bienal de São Paulo, where he is awarded the Grand Prize of Honour. He visits Brazil, Peru and Venezuela and exhibits in Caracas. On the basis of the experience of the Monumento a Picasso, he undertakes a new series of monumental works, including Richelieu Big, Almudena, Dalirium tremens, Torso C. Also produced in this period are the editions of Il Cofanetto, a tribute to Romeo and Juliet and the city of Verona, and Paloma Box, a tribute to Paloma Picasso. Paloma Picasso lives for a few month in the Villa Rizzardi, Berrocal's home, and she works on her own jewelry in Berrocal's workshop.

He goes back to painting and does a series of gouaches and numerous painting variations on recurrent themes in his sculptures (early sculptures, torsos, female figures, reclining nudes, heads, still lifes). During a journey in the Belgian Ardennes he finds a group of old anvils, which he buys and which later (1982) give rise to the series Desperta Ferro and Almogávares and Las Mujeres pasadas por la piedra, the last of which has not yet been completed. With the Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill he studies a project for a sculptural work 1 kilometre long on the border between France and Spain, and also a solution for the trou des Halles in Paris (these ambitious architectural projects have not been carried out). He gives a talk at the École d’Art de Luminy in Marseilles.

Works produced in this period include La Maja, Manolete, Metamorehorses, etc. An unforgettable experience in this period is the great didactic exhibition Les mains regarding, organised at the Centre Georges Pompidou and intended for the blind, in which the work Torero is exhibited and “touched” by thousands of people. Berrocal visits to the United States. Inauguration of Espace Berrocal at the Centre Artcurial in Paris.

In 1979 the circuit of museums, galleries and collectors functions actively, and the use of casting for the production of sculptures now becomes very important. Berrocal declines an increasing number of invitations in order to concentrate on his work, which becomes more varied. Works produced in this period include Caballo Casinaide and Omaggio ad Arcimboldo.

In 1980 further exhibitions in Caracas and at the Palazzo delle Prigioni Vecchie in Venice. He is the only artist invited to the I Symposium sur la Sculpture Éditée in Brussels, where he participates in a seminar on multiplied sculpture together with students from the University of Louvaine. He completes Astronauta, a tribute to Jules Verne, composed of 21 different pieces of jewellery.

In 1981 Berrocal returns to colour: he paints a series of gouaches and silkscreen prints and makes two large patchwork hangings for Vogue International. Exhibition in New York, which he visits. Andy Warhol does his portrait. For the centenary of Picasso’s birth he makes a medal and a plaque for the artist’s birthplace, which has now become a museum. He makes Hoplita, which contains the famous Rubik’s cube, in a tribute to the Hungarian mathematician. Various exhibitions in Europe.

In 1982 takes place his first exhibition in Kuwait. The series Desperta Ferro, ten pieces on a theme that anticipates the Almogávares, and completion of Neon (a sculpture with computer-controlled neon circuits, which give life to countless combinatorial possibilities of equestrian figures). First collaboration with the architect Núñez Yanowski, for the design for the Place Picasso in Marne-la-Vallée (Paris), which leads to the creation of Sarabande pour Picasso. Visit to New York, where he meets the mayor of the city, Ed Koch, who shows great interest in the possibilities of Berrocal’s sculpture in an urban context.

In 1984 the Spanish Ministry of Culture devotes a major exhibition to him at the Palacio de Velázquez in Madrid. An exhaustive historical and critical catalogue is published to accompany the exhibition, with critical texts by Julián Gállego and Franco Passoni. After Madrid, the exhibition is presented at the Palau Meca in Barcelona and at Le Botanique in Brussels during Europalia. After an absence of 25 years, Berrocal returns to Algaidas, where he was born, and where, in 1984, his fellow-citizens have established the Asociación Amigos de Berrocal in order to create a documentation centre and a museum devoted to him.

1986 is a period characterised by the installation of various urban monuments: Sarabande pour Picasso (Paris), Fuente del Limonar, (a project for a garden with a fountain in Málaga), Torso Es (Olympic Sculpture Park in Seoul). A substantial monograph is published in French by Éditions de la Différence in Paris, with a critical essay by Jean-Louis Ferrier. First exhibition at the museum in Villanueva de Algaidas, in conjunction with the award of the status of “Favourite Son” of his native town. He designs the sets and costumes for Bizet’s Carmen at The Arena in Verona.

In 1991 he receives a commission for three monumental works for the Spanish celebrations of 1992 (the years of the Exposición Universal in Seville, the Olympics in Barcelona, and the nomination of Madrid as Cultural Capital of Europe). As a consequence he produces Doña Elvira (a sculpture 6 metres high, intended for the Auditorium on the Isla de la Cartuja in Seville), Manolona (a sculpture 14 metres high erected in the Parque Juan Carlos I in Madrid) and Citius, Altius, Fortius (a torso 4 metres high presented at the Exposición Universal in Seville before its definitive placement at the entrance to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne in 1993). He is nominated as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNESCO. In response to technical difficulties encountered when making his monumental sculptures, Berrocal carries out research into new materials and techniques, not hesitating to turn to the most highly specialised industrial sectors in order to learn avant-garde technologies (the three monumental works produced in this period are made using Kevlar and carbon fibre). The application to sculpture of technologies never before used for artistic purposes is significant in terms of the profound symbiosis between art, science and technology that has always accompanied Berrocal’s sculptural research.

In July 1994 the artist inaugurates in Seville the monument Torso de Luces, made for the company Sevillana de Electricidad to celebrate its centenary. In the autumn, a retrospective of multiples at the Cankarjev Dom cultural centre in Ljubljana.

In 1995 Berrocal inaugurates the Fuente de la Paz in Ibiza. Exhibition Berrocal: Sculture e Disegni at the Museo d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Palazzo Forti, in Verona.

From June to September 1996, Berrocal exhibits at the Barchessa Rambaldi, Bardolino. Installation of three large monumental sculptures, Pepita in Bordeaux, Alcudia in the campus of the Polytechnic University in Valencia, and Marcelisa in the Marselisborg sculpture park in Denmark, respectively.

Between 1997 and 1998 Berrocal took part at the following exhibitions: VI Biennale di Scultura in Monte Carlo Venice, Piccole sculpture, grandi scultori Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Berrocal, Forme et Mouvement, catalogue by Pierre Restany y Robert C. Morgan

In 1999 he appears at the ARCO art fair in Madrid, and at the same time in a large solo exhibition which is presented at the Centro Cultural Conde Duque in Madrid and then travels to Oviedo, where it is seen at the Teatro Campoamor from 15 October to 8 December, and to Málaga, where it is shown at the exhibitions rooms of Unicaja. For the City Council of Madrid Illustrates Emilio Prado’s book The Mystery of Water. In September he takes part in the international exhibition of sculpture and installations OPEN’999 at the Lido in Venice, with El Diestro, a work 3 metres high. In October he presents a solo exhibition at the Galerie Artcurial in Paris. In December he has a large solo exhibition at the Galleria Ghelfi in Verona.

In 2000 he takes part in Art Fair Miami and the ARCO art fair in Madrid. Laying of the foundation stone for the Museo Berrocal in Villanueva de Algaidas. Solo exhibition in Málaga, and another exhibition at the Fondation Veranneman in Belgium. He gives talks in Spain at the University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Fine Arts, Bilbao and the Conference on the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics, Thales, in San Fernando. Group exhibitions in Hamburg and Como and in several collective and international exhibits such as: International Fair of Contemporary Art (ARCO) in collaboration with the Malaga Provincial Council; the exhibit Golden Imagination: Artists, Silver and Goldsmiths in the Second Half of Italy’s 20th Century, in Ancona; the monographic exhibit: Return to Classicism: The Fusion of Art and Science at the Gallery of the City Hall of his natal village, Villanueva de Algaidas; the 36th Abitare el Tempo a Verona, and last, an extensive personal retrospective at the Spazio Creativo Cardin in Venice.

In 2002 He takes part in the group exhibition: Scultori a Verona 1900–2000, at the Palazzo Forti in Verona, and at the Mostra Internazionale di Arte Contemporanea in Vicenza. In spring he is involved in an itinerant exhibit with the name Ecume: Autour de la monnaie unique, which takes the design of the Euro as motif and is organized by the French Government; The Swinger Art Gallery presents the exhibition Berrocal Scultorea, and that summer he prepares another extensive exhibit at the Institute Valencià d ́Art Modern (IVAM) that included drawings and sculpture. On the occasion of that retrospective an important monograph is published. The book was illustrated with photographs of Roberto Bigano and included texts of high intellectual soundness.

In 2003, the retrospective that took place in Valencia continues in spring, in this case in the city of Malaga at the “Episcopal Palace”. It is organized by the Unicaja Benefit Society. Several large size sculptures are presented, such as the wooden Richelieu Big, with its two meters in height and able to be taken down to 61 pieces. Several monographic and collective exhibits show the presence of Berrocal in Europe. That is the case of his participation in Milan, on the occasion of the Furniture Fair, as well as in Belgium, Venice, Frankfurt and Rome. The collective of jewellery of the artist presented at the Château de Seneffe in Belgium with the title Être ou ne pas être: Peintres ou Sculpteurs? Les bijoux des plus grands receives a great response from critics and the public.

During 2004 he shows various works at the International Fair of Contemporary Art (ARCO) in Madrid. He also takes part in the remarkable exhibit that unified art and science organized by the University of Aquila at the Abbey of Saint Maria di Collemaggio and which bore the title Forme Animali –Warning Colours. He also participates at the Milan MIART. In June he takes part in the collective exhibit Objects of Desire. Objects of the Artist at the Elvira Conzales Gallery of Madrid. In June and August, an open-air exhibit of monumental sculptures held in the magnificent Mediterranean landscape of Cap Roig in Costa Brava was attended by more than 150.000 people. In that show the work Melilla is presented for the first time. The piece will be permanently placed at the Plaza de las Cuatro Culturas in the city of Melilla.

Return to Spain

At the end of 2004, Berrocal decided to move to Andalusia permanently. He established a home in his natal village, Villanueva de Algaidas, in the province of Malaga. There he managed the work of building his new studio: an immense warehouse among olive trees, the ideal place to hold the oeuvres his insatiable appetite for knowledge, fantasy and versatile curiosity had accumulated during more than fifty years of making art.

During 2005, he wrote and edited his memoirs, and prepared two other publications: a general catalogue of his sculptures, and a separate catalogue of his painting, drawing and graphic works. Along with ten other sculptors of different nationalities, he participated in the symposium Creator Vesevo summoned by the city of Herculaneum, close to Naples. That fall, a powerful and monumental torso made out of volcanic stone was placed at the hillside of Mount Vesuvius. He started to move his material possessions from Villa Rizzardi de Negrar in the Valpolicella (Italy), where Berrocal lived and worked for forty years, to his new residence in Spain.

In February 2006 he finished Large Leaning Nude, made of white Kevlar, which now projects as a white cloud over the beautiful landscape of Lake Como. That year he finished writing his memoirs. He continued to work enthusiastically in drawings and sketches for several new works to be built at his studio. Miguel Berrocal died May 31 in Antequera in the plenitude of his artistic creativity.

Principles of Berrocal’s art

The young Berrocal, inspired by the great creative forces of the first half of the 20th century, sought his own artistic path and asked himself: “How to awake people to sculpture?”. This question fostered a personal artistic philosophy and esthetic language that can be better understood through seven main points:

• Science as inspiration—Using his academic education in pure sciences and architecture, Berrocal created pieces based on principles derived from mathematics, physics or other marvels of science. It represents the research of beauty through the universal languages and the fascination for exploration and for all the invisible principles that hold reality.
• Empty space—In overstepping the standards of traditional sculpture, Berrocal searched for unexplored spaces, penetrating the volumes inside the shapes, going beyond the “surface” of the sculpture: a “sculpture” within the sculpture. “Empty space is alive as full space. Look at it!" (Berrocal)
• Disassembly—The process of researching the shapes inside of volumes generates an important key for the interpretation of Berrocal’s works, the fact that the sculptures can be disassembled: the sculptures are made up of elements that the viewer has to assemble and take apart in order to understand their inner invisible space.
• Interactive esthetics—The consequence of the possibility to disassemble is that the sculpture is conceived to be touched, experimented, “observed with the hands”. It is an esthetical appropriation through usage, a process that is more similar to drawing an image rather than only looking at it: when you draw you possess that image more profoundly.
• Techniques—As a consequence of the disassembly and of his interest in sciences and applied arts, the techniques and technologies needed to develop his complex sculptures become very important for Berrocal. The artist invented many techniques and processes, both intellectual and design driven, as well as for prototyping and material construction, in order to transform his ideas into reality.
• Multiples—The increasing complexity of Berrocal's sculptures and the precision needed to realize them caused the artist to produce them not just as unique pieces, but also in many signed and numbered exemplars. Berrocal, inventing the concept of multiples in sculpture, sought to extend sculptural art’s reach to everybody, just as the painters could do through the reproduction techniques of graphic arts.
• Project—Because of their complexity, all Berrocal’s sculptures are based upon an enormous quantity of documents and materials - the project - that are fundamental to understanding the uniqueness of his creative process and his polyhedric personality. Each project was elaborated during several years and generated thousands of documents that highlighted a profound symbiosis of art, science and technology. The entire project is itself Berrocal’s authentic work of art. Pierre Restany said: “that preliminary material, the study, is the very essence and structure of the work”.^{[citation needed]}

Fundación Escultor Berrocal

In order to protect and enhance the vast creative legacy of Berrocal, the Fundación Escultor Berrocal (Berrocal Sculpture Foundation) was established on 22 November 2007 in Madrid by the heirs of Miguel Berrocal, fulfilling his expressed will and culminating the projects which the artist started during his life. The aims of the institution are the preservation, research, and dissemination of the work of Miguel Berrocal, as well as contributions to the advancement of sculpture in all its forms, and to the development and progress of culture and the arts. The foundation is headquartered in the Estudio-Taller Berrocal, the last studio and workshop of the artist, in his home town of Villanueva de Algaidas in the province of Málaga, Spain.

The following seven permanent programs were created:

• Collections management—managing art collections, private, institutional or corporate, that include works of Miguel Berrocal. The purpose is to organize temporal or permanent exhibitions of his works as well as those from other artists that have a connection with Berrocal.
• Publications—editing and co-editing publications related to the work and entourage of Miguel Berrocal
• Conservation—inventory, logistics, cataloguing and conservation of Miguel Berrocal’s works
• Berrocal archives and documentation center—inventory, cataloguing and conservation of the archives of Miguel Berrocal, with the possibility of creating a library
• Art production—continuing production of Berrocal’s limited editions
• Estudio-Taller Berrocal (Berrocal’s studio and workshop)—conservation and exhibition of Berrocal’s workshop in Villanueva de Algaidas (Málaga, Spain), as well as the creation of activities such as educational workshops to animate it
• Berrocal Museum—promoting and coordinating initiatives for the creation of a Berrocal Museum in Villanueva de Algaidas.

Representative works

• Opus 8 Balaustradas 1955-57 Roma
• Opus 28 La Boîte découpée 1959 Roma
• Opus 30 Escultura 1958 Roma
• Opus 31 Grand torse 1959 Roma
• Opus 32 Le bijou 1960 Roma
• Opus 38 Torso her 1961 Crespières
• Opus 43 Pajaro como Leon 1961 Crespières
• Opus 45 Mujer 1961 Crespières
• Opus 50 Via Appia 1961 Crespières
• Opus 55 Les amants 1961 Crespières
• Opus 60 Mercedes 1962 Crespières
• Opus 83 La femme prisonniere 1963 Crespières
• Opus 92 Maria de la O 1962-64 Crespières
• Opus 101 Romeo et Giulietta 1966-67 Crespières-Verona
• Opus 107 Mini David 1967 Negrar
• Opus 114 Goliath 1968-72 Negrar
• Opus 115 Richelieu 1968-73 Negrar
• Opus 117 La menina II 1972 Negrar
• Opus 123 Il cofanetto 1969-75 Negrar
• Opus 129 Monumento a Picasso 1972-74 Negrar
• Opus 130 Almudena 1974 Negrar
• Opus 166 Manymorehorses 1976-79 Negrar
• Opus 167 "Omaggio ad Arcimboldo 1976-79 Negrar
• Opus 250-259 Almagovar I – X 1981-83 Negrar
• Opus 397 Manolona 1991-92 Madrid
• Opus 444 Adriano Big 1994 Negrar

Selected solo exhibitions

• 2009 Berrocal, Guerreros y Toreros, Plaza Nueva, Sevilla. Organized by Fundación Escultor Berrocal in collaboration with Fundación Unicaja
• 2008 Berrocal, Guerreros y Toreros, Plaza de la Constitución, Málaga. Organized by Fundación Escultor Berrocal in collaboration with Fundación Unicaja
• 2006 Miguel Berrocal, Ferri e bronzi 1955/65, Lorenzelli Arte, Milano
• 2005 Berrocal un malagueño universal, Centro de Exposiciones, Benalmádena, Málaga
• 2005 Venice Design Art Gallery, Venezia
• 2004 Berrocal en Cap Roig, esculturas de gran formato, Jardí Botànic de Caixa de Girona, Calella de Palafrugell, Girona
• 2004 Berrocal, Galeria Barcelona, Barcelona
• 2003 Berrocal, Sala del Palacio Episcopal, Málaga
• 2003 Miguel Berrocal, Die Galerie, Frankfurt am Main
• 2003 Piretti Art Gallery, Knokke
• 2002 Berrocal, IVAM, Institut Valencià d'Art Modern, Valencia
• 2000 Sala de Unicaja, Palacio Italcable, Málaga
• 2000 Miguel Berrocal, Sculpturen - juwelen - tekeningen, Fondation Veranneman, Kruishoutem
• 1999 Centro de Arte Moderno Ciudad de Oviedo, Oviedo
• 1999 Centro Cultural del Conde Duque, Madrid
• 1998 Berrocal Forme et Mouvement, Olympic Museum, Lausanne
• 1995 Berrocal Sculture e Disegni 1958-1995, Galleria d'Arte Moderna Palazzo Forti, Verona
• 1994 Multipel Opus 1962 - 1993, Galerija Cankarjev Dom, Ljubljana
• 1993 Interkolumnie, Museion - Museo d'Arte Moderna, Bolzano
• 1991 Berrocal, Reflex Modern Art Gallery, Amsterdam
• 1990 Almogávares, Gallery Guy Pieters, Saint-Martens-Latem
• 1985 Berrocal 1955-1985, Le Botanique, Bruxelles
• 1984 Antologica Berrocal (1955–1984), Palacio de Velázquez, Parque del Retiro, Madrid. Organized by Ministerio de Cultura
• 1984 Almogávares - Desperta Ferro, Galerie Isy Brachot, Bruxelles
• 1984 Berrocal, Vingt ans de sculptures editées 1964-1984, Artcurial, Paris 1982 Gallery Gekkoso, Tokio
• 1981 Berrocal, sculptures, Arnold Katzen Gallery, New York
• 1980 Berrocal, Circolo Artistico Palazzo delle Prigioni Vecchie, Venezia
• 1979 Berrocal Multiple Sculptures, The Art Contact Gallery 2, Coconut Grove, Florida
• 1979 Miguel Berrocal. Obra gráfica y esculturas, Museo Carrillo Gil, Ciudad de México
• 1979 Berrocal: à la découverte des constructions intérieures, Artcurial, Paris
• 1979 Berrocal, sculptures et multiples, Musée de l'Athénée, Genève
• 1977 Berrocal, Galería Rubbers, Buenos Aires
• 1977 Berrocal, nuevas esculturas múltiples, Galería Sen, Madrid
• 1976 Artcurial, Paris
• 1976 Indianapolis Museum, Indianapolis
• 1973 Bienal de São Paulo, Pabellón Español, Exposición monográfica, São Paulo
• 1972 Palazzo delle Prigioni Vecchie, Venezia
• 1972 Espace Pierre Cardin, Paris
• 1972 Sculptures en or et en argent, Cartier, München
• 1970 Ulmer Museum, Ulm
• 1968 Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles
• 1968 Galerie Krugier, Genève
• 1965 Galerie Thomas, München
• 1963 Galerie Ziegler, Zürich
• 1962 Three sculptors, Berrocal, Ipoustéguy, Müller, Albert Loeb Gallery, New York
• 1962 Galerie Kriegel, Paris
• 1960 Galleria Apollinaire, Milano
• 1958 Galleria La Medusa, Roma
• 1952 Galería Xagra, Madrid

Selected literature

• 2009 Fokus Figur Focus Figure 30 Jahre . 30 Year of Die Galerie, Die Galerie, Frankfurt am Main, 2009
• 2009 Berrocal Guerreros y Toreros, Fundación Escultor Berrocal, Málaga, 2009 (exhibition catalogue)
• 2008 Jean-Noël Schifano, Photographies d'Alain Volut, Creator Vesevo, Éditions Gallimard Loisirs, Paris, 2008. The book is dedicated to the outdoor museum Creator Vesevo that was inaugurated in 2005 in the national park of Mount Vesuvius in the south of Italy and its sculptures. The ten sculptures by the same number of artists were formed out of basalt that has once flown as lava from the crater of the volcano.
• 2008 Carolin Cros, L'art à ciel ouvert, Commandes publiques en France 1983–2007, Flammarion, Paris, 2008. Caroline Cros, inspecteur de la création artistique et professeur à l'Ecole du Louvre, et Laurent Le Bon, conservateur au Centre Pompidou, ont été en charge du suivi de la commande publique au sein de la Délégation aux arts plastiques.
• 2008 Fundación Escultor Berrocal, Berrocal Casa Fuerte Bezmiliana, Área de Cultura, Ayuntamiento del Rincón de la Victoria, Málaga, 2008 (exhibition catalogue)
• 2008 Berrocal Guerreros y Toreros, Fundación Escultor Berrocal, Málaga, 2008 (exhibition catalogue).First publication of the Fundación Escultor Berrocal.
• 2008 Alain Monvoisin, Dictionnaire International de la Sculpture Moderne & Contemporaine, Editions du Regard, Paris, 2008
• 2007 Tony Shafrazi, Carter Ratcliff, Robert Rosenblum, Andy Warhol Portraits, Phaidon, 2007. A comprehensive overview of Warhol's iconic portraits of late twentieth-century public figures.
• 2007 Zivile Slektaviciute, Robert Pardo, Robert C. Morgan (Introduction), Luigi Sansone (Introduction), Open Studios, Artefact Pardo Publications, 2007
• 2006 Miguel Berrocal, Ferri e bronzi 1955/65, Lorenzelli Arte, Milano, 2006 (exhibition catalogue)
• 2005 Berrocal un clásico de la modernidad, Ibercaja, Zaragoza, 2005
• 2004 Berrocal, Inparce Barcelona, Barcelona, 2004
• 2004 Jean-Luc Chalumeau, Claude Mollard, Quand les artistes entrent à l'université, Campus Euro(pe) Art première exposition nomade d'art contemporain dans les universités, Scéren, 2004
• 2004 Mercedes, "La rivista delle idee in movimento", Numero 3, Hemels Italia Srl, Firenze, 2004 (magazine)
• 2003 Être ou ne pas Être ... Peintres ou sculpteurs? Les bijoux des plus grands, a.s.b.l. Domaine de Seneffe - Musée de l'orfèvrerie de la Communauté française, 2003
• 2003 Jacon Baal-Teshuva, Faces Of The Art World, National Center of Photography of Russian Federation, Saint Petersbourg, 2003
• 2003 Le Ali, Air Dolomiti In-flight Magazine, marzo 2003, Air Dolomiti, Gorizia, 2003 (magazine) Article: Alberto Fiz, "Sulle Orme di Michelangelo, In the Footsteps of Michelangelo", Artisti stranieri che hanno scelto l'Italia come patria elettiva, Many foreign artists have chosen Italy as their adopted home.
• 2002 Berrocal, IVAM Institut Valencià d'Art Modern, Valencia, 2002. 100 full page color photographs by Roberto Bigano, theoretical essay by Kosme de Barañano and the art historian Lola Jiménez Blanco, together with literary contributions by Spanish writers and poets José Antonio Muñoz Rojas, Ángela Vallvey and Valentí Puig.
• 2002 Arte, Mensile di Arte, Cultura, Informazione, Numero 349, Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori S.p.A., Milano, 2002 (magazine) Article: Beba Marsano, Berrocal e la scultura come alchimia. La classicità, il barocco, la scienza.
• 2001 Esculturas de la UPV, Esculturas del campus de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, 2001
• 2001 Quién y por qué, Anales de las Artes Plásticas en el siglo XXI, Año 2000, Edita Arte y Patrimonio, S.A., Madrid, 2001
• 2000 Berrocal, Sala Unicaja "Italcable", 2000 (exhibition catalogue)
• 2000 Hans Fonk, Object, Living in Style NO. 17, Hans Fonk Publications bv., Leimuiden, 2000 (magazine)
• 1999 Miguel Berrocal Sculture e Opere su Carta, Giorgio Ghelfi Editore, Verona, 1999 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1999 Berrocal, Centro Cultural del Conde Duque, Madrid, 1999 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1999 Berrocal, Centro de Arte Moderno "Ciudad de Oviedo", 1999 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1998 Berrocal Forme et Mouvement, Olympic Museum, Lausanne, 1998 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1997 Franco Farina, L'anima e le forme, scultori in fonderia, Editrice Compositori, Bologna, 1997 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1996 Miguel Berrocal Sculptures - Multiples, Die Galerie Gesellschaft für Kunsthandel mbH, Offenbach am Main, 1996
• 1996 Miguel Berrocal Skulpturen - Multiples, Die Galerie Gesellschaft für Kunsthandel mbH, Offenbach am Main, 1996
• 1995 Berrocal, Sculture e disegni 1958-1995, Galleria d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea di Palazzo Forti, Verona, 1995 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1994 Instituto Andaluz de Evaluación Educativa y Formación del Profesorado, Berrocal Escultura en el Aula, Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Educación y Ciencia, Sevilla, 1994
• 1994 B. de York, Signatures des Artistes du Bronze et fondeurs du XIX ème siècle suivi d'un index de 2500 noms avec références bibliographiques, Editions Collections Livres, Bruxelles, 1994
• 1992 Suite Olympic Centennial 50 Grand Peintres 50 Great Painters, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, 1992
• 1992 Parque Juan Carlos I, Proyecto y Obra 1990-1992, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Empresa Municipal "Campo de las Naciones", Madrid, 1992
• 1989 Jean-Louis Ferrier, Berrocal, Éditions de La Différence, Paris, 1989
• 1989 Philippe Sollers, Les Ambassadeurs, 406 photographies de André Morain, Editions de la Différence, Paris, 1989
• 1987 Miguel Berrocal Skulpturen, Die Galerie Gesellschaft für Kunsthandel mbH, Offenbach am Main, 1987. Einleitung von Erwin Treu, Beiträge von Klaus-Hartmut Olbricht, Enrico Bellati, Vittorio Sgarbi, Ulrich Willmes.
• 1986 Spagna 75 anni di protagonisti nell'arte, Electa, Milano, 1986
• 1984 Antologica Berrocal (1955–1984), Ediciones El Viso, Madrid, 1984. Published on occasion of the anthological exhibition Antologica Berrocal 1955-1984, organized by the Spanish Ministry of Culture at the Palacio de Velázquez, Parque del Retiro, Madrid, Spain from October to December 1984. This monographic catalogue containing more than 5000 reproductions was designed directly by the sculptor and is the catalogue raisonné of all the sculptures produced by the artist up until 1984.
• 1982 VIVIR HOY®, "Revista venezolana e internacional de decoración, arquitectura y cultura", Editorial Lei & Zanelli C.A., Caracas, 1982 (magazine) Photographs by Walter Ponchia, Article: Berrocal y su maquina para vivir.
• 1973 Giuseppe Marchiori, "La sculpture de Berrocal", La Conaissance, Bruxelles, 1973
• 1971 Gert von der Osten, Horst Keller, "Kunst der sechziger Jahre Sammlung Ludwig" im Wallraf-Richartz Museum Köln 1971, 5. erweiterte Auflage, Art of the Sixties 5th revised edition, Köln, 1971 (exhibition catalogue) 1970 Orangerie Multiples, Köln, 1970 Presents its first series of mini sculpture multiples by Berrocal.
• 1969 Katalog 5 Austellungsjahr 1969, Miguel Berrocal, Kestner-Gesellshaft, Hannover, 1969 (exhibition catalogue)
• 1969 Gert von der Osten, Horst Keller, Kunst der sechziger Jahre. im Wallraf-Richartz Museum Köln. 2. erweiterte Auflage, Art of the Sixties 2nd revised edition, Köln,1969
• 1969 Claude Pélieu, ill. Miguel Berrocal, Ce que dit la Bouche d'ombre dans le bronze-étoile d'une tête, Édition Le Soleil Noir, Paris, 1969 1968 Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana, Suplemento Annual, 1963–1964, Espasa-Calpe, S.A., Madrid, 1968
• 1958 Leonardo Sinisgalli, Civiltà delle Macchine, Mayo-Agosto 1958, Roma (magazine)

See also

• Mechanical puzzle

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miguel Ortiz Berrocal.

• Berrocal's official website

Persondata
Name	Berrocal, Miguel
Alternative names
Short description	Spanish artist
Date of birth	1933
Place of birth
Date of death	2006
Place of death