Microaerophile
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Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth:
1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest.
2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top.
5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.
1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest.
2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top.
5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.
A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than are present in the atmosphere (ie. <21% O2; typically 2-10% O2).[1] Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, as they require an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide. In the laboratory they can be cultivated in a candle jar. A candle jar is a container into which a lit candle is introduced before sealing the container's airtight lid. The candle's flame burns until extinguished by oxygen deprivation, which creates a carbon dioxide-rich, oxygen-poor atmosphere in the jar.
Examples
- Campylobacter spp. are microaerophilic.[2]
- Borrelia burgdorferi, a species of spirochaete bacteria that causes Lyme disease in humans.
- Helicobacter pylori, a species of proteobacteria that has been linked to peptic ulcers and some types of gastritis. Some do not consider it a true microaerophile.[3]
See also
- Aerotolerant organism
- Obligate aerobe
- Obligate anaerobe
- Facultative anaerobe
- Aerobic respiration
References
- ↑ Hogg, S. (2005). Essential Microbiology (1st ed.). pp. 91–107.
- ↑ Fernie DS, Park RW (August 1977). "The isolation and nature of campylobacters (microaerophilic vibrios) from laboratory and wild rodents". J. Med. Microbiol. 10 (3): 325–9. doi:10.1099/00222615-10-3-325. PMID 330861.
- ↑ Bury-Moné S, Kaakoush NO, Asencio C, et al. (August 2006). "Is Helicobacter pylori a true microaerophile?". Helicobacter 11 (4): 296–303. doi:10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00413.x. PMID 16882333.
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