Mesoporous material
A mesoporous material is a material containing pores with diameters between 2 and 50 nm.
Porous materials are classified into several kinds by their size. According to IUPAC notation,[1] microporous materials have pore diameters of less than 2 nm and macroporous materials have pore diameters of greater than 50 nm; the mesoporous category thus lies in the middle.
Typical mesoporous materials include some kinds of silica and alumina that have similarly-sized fine mesopores. Mesoporous oxides of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, cerium and tin have also been reported. According to the IUPAC, a mesoporous material can be disordered or ordered in a mesostructure.
A procedure for producing mesoporous materials (silica) was patented around 1970.[2][3][4] It went almost unnoticed[5] and was reproduced in 1997.[6] Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were independently synthesized in 1990 by researchers in Japan.[7] They were later produced also at Mobil Corporation laboratories [8] and named Mobil Crystalline Materials, or MCM-41.[9]
Since then, research in this field has steadily grown. Notable examples of prospective applications are catalysis, sorption, gas sensing, ion exchange, optics, and photovoltaics.
References
- ↑ J. Rouquerol et al. (1994). "Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids (Technical Report)" (free download pdf). Pure & Appl. Chem 66 (8): 1739–1758. doi:10.1351/pac199466081739.
- ↑ Chiola, V.; Ritsko, J. E. and Vanderpool, C. D. "Process for producing low-bulk density silica." Application No. US 3556725D A filed on 26-Feb-1969; Publication No. US 3556725 A published on 19-Jan-1971
- ↑ "Porous silica particles containing a crystallized phase and method" Application No. US 3493341D A filed on 23-Jan-1967; Publication No. US 3493341 A published on 03-Feb-1970
- ↑ "Process for producing silica in the form of hollow spheres"; Application No. US 342525 A filed on 04-Feb-1964; Publication No. US 3383172 A published on 14-May-1968
- ↑ Ruren Xu, Wenqin Pang, Jihong Yu (2007). Chemistry of zeolites and related porous materials: synthesis and structure. Wiley-Interscience. p. 472. ISBN 0-470-82233-3.
- ↑ Direnzo, F; Cambon, H; Dutartre, R (1997). "A 28-year-old synthesis of micelle-templated mesoporous silica". Microporous Materials 10 (4–6): 283. doi:10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00028-X.
- ↑ Yanagisawa, Tsuneo; Shimizu, Toshio; Kuroda, Kazuyuki; Kato, Chuzo (1990). "The preparation of alkyltrimethylammonium-kanemite complexes and their conversion to microporous materials". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (free download) 63 (4): 988. doi:10.1246/bcsj.63.988.
- ↑ J. S. Beck; J. C. Vartuli; W. J. Roth; M. E. Leonowicz; C. T. Kresge; K. D. Schmitt; C. T-W. Chu; D. H. Olson; E. W. Sheppard; S. B. McCullen; J. B. Higgins; and J. L. Schlenkert (1992). "A New Family of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Prepared with Liquid Crystal Templates". American Chemical Society 114 (114): 10834–10843. doi:10.1021/ja00053a020.
- ↑ Brian Trewyn, et al. (2007). "Synthesis and Functionalization of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Based on the Sol–Gel Process and Applications in Controlled Release". Accounts of Chemical Research 40 (40): 846–853. doi:10.1021/ar600032u. PMID 17645305.