Maureen Connolly

Maureen Connolly Brinker

Full name	Maureen Catherine Connolly, Mrs. Brinker
Country	United States
Born	(1934-09-17)September 17, 1934 San Diego, California, U.S.
Died	June 21, 1969(1969-06-21) (aged 34) Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Height	5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)[1]
Turned pro	amateur
Retired	February 1955 (age 20)[2]
Plays	Right-handed
College	Southern Methodist University (1964–196x)
Prize money	0, (amateur)
Int. Tennis HOF	1968 (member page)
Official website	mcbtennis.org
Singles
Highest ranking	1
Grand Slam Singles results
Australian Open	W (1953)
French Open	W (1953, 1954)
Wimbledon	W (1952, 1953, 1954)
US Open	W (1951, 1952, 1953)
Doubles
Grand Slam Doubles results
Australian Open	W (1953)
French Open	W (1954)
Wimbledon	F (1952, 1953)
US Open	F (1952)
Grand Slam Mixed Doubles results
Australian Open	F (1953)
French Open	W (1954)
Wimbledon	SF (1954)

Maureen Catherine Connolly, Mrs. Brinker (September 17, 1934 – June 21, 1969) known as "Little Mo", was an American tennis player, the winner of nine Grand Slam singles titles in the early 1950s. In 1953, she became the first woman to win all four Grand Slam tournaments during the same calendar year.^[3] The following year, a horseback riding accident injured her right leg and ended her competitive tennis career at age 19.^[2][4]

Early years

Born in San Diego, California, she loved horseback riding as a child, but her mother was unable to pay the cost of riding lessons. So, she took up the game of tennis. Connolly's tennis career began at the age of 10 on the municipal courts of San Diego. Her first coach, Wilbur Folsom, encouraged her to switch from a left-handed grip to right and she soon became a baseline specialist with tremendous power, accuracy, and a strong backhand. After Folsom she was coached by Eleanor Tenant who had also previously coached Alice Marble the Wimbledon champion of 1939. At age 14, she won 56 consecutive matches and the following year became the youngest ever to win the U.S. national championship for girls 18 and under.

Playing career

At the 1951 U.S. Championships, the 16-year-old Connolly defeated Shirley Fry to become, at that time, the youngest ever to win America's most prestigious tennis tournament.^[1][5] Her coach at the time was Eleanor Tennant.^[6]

Connolly won Wimbledon and successfully defended her U.S. title in 1952.^[7] For the 1953 season, she hired a new coach, the Australian Davis Cup captain Harry Hopman, and entered all four Grand Slam tournaments for the first time. She defeated Julie Sampson Haywood in the Australian Championships final and Doris Hart in the finals of the French Championships, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships to become the first woman, and only the second person, to win the world's four major titles in the same year, commonly known as a "Grand Slam". She lost only one set in those four tournaments.^[8]

In 1954, Connolly did not defend her title at the Australian Championships but successfully defended her French and Wimbledon championships. Two weeks after she won her third straight Wimbledon title, she was horseback riding in San Diego on July 20. A passing cement mixer truck frightened her horse, Colonel Merryboy, which pinned Connolly between the horse and truck. She was thrown off and suffered a compound fracture to her right fibula, which ultimately ended her tennis career at age 19.^[4] She had intended to become professional after the 1954 U.S. National Championships.^[9] She officially retired from tennis in February 1955.^[2][10]

Grand Slam singles results for Connolly's 11 appearances:

1. Australian Championships – 1 time: Winner 1953
2. French Championships – 2 times: Winner 1953, 1954
3. Wimbledon – 3 times: Winner 1952, 1953, 1954
4. U.S. Championships – 5 times (1949–1953): Winner 1951, 1952, 1953

Connolly won the last nine Grand Slam singles tournaments she played, including 50 consecutive singles matches. During her Wightman Cup career from 1951 through 1954, she won all seven of her singles matches. Connolly's achievements made her the darling of the media and one of the most popular personalities in the U.S.; she was named Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press for three straight years, from 1951 through 1953.^[11] However, Connolly recognized the downside of her tennis career, saying, “I have always believed greatness on a tennis court was my destiny, a dark destiny, at times, where the court became my secret jungle and I a lonely, fear-stricken hunter. I was a strange little girl armed with hate, fear, and a Golden Racket.” ^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

In June 1955, Connolly married Norman Brinker, a member of the 1952 Olympic equestrian team for the United States, who shared her love of horses.^[12] They had two daughters, Cindy and Brenda,^[4] and she remained partially involved in tennis, acting as a correspondent for some U.S. and British newspapers at major U.S. tennis tournaments. Connolly was a coach for the British Wightman Cup team during its visits to the U.S. In Texas, where the couple lived, and established the "Maureen Connolly Brinker Foundation" to promote junior tennis.^[4]

Death

In 1966, Connolly Brinker was diagnosed with cancer. On June 4, 1969, she underwent a third operation for a stomach tumor at Baylor Hospital in Dallas.^[4] She died several weeks later on June 21 and was interred in the Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas.^[13]

Legacy

According to John Olliff and Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail, Connolly Brinker was ranked in the world top ten from 1951 through 1954, reaching a career high of World No. 1 in those rankings from 1952 through 1954.^[14] Connolly was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1950 through 1953. She was the top ranked U.S. player from 1951 through 1953.^[15]

Connolly Brinker was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1969 and the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in 1987. In 1956, she was also inducted by the San Diego Hall of Champions into the Breitbard Hall of Fame honoring San Diego's finest athletes both on and off the playing surface.^[16]

Brinker Elementary School in Plano, Texas is named in honor of her. The school was dedicated on November 20, 1988.^[17]

Connolly Brinker was portrayed by Glynnis O'Connor in Little Mo, a made-for-television biographical film which first aired on September 5, 1978 on NBC.^[18][19]

Grand Slam record

• Australian Open
  • Singles champion: 1953
  • Women's Doubles champion: 1953
  • Mixed Doubles runner-up: 1953

• French Open
  • Singles champion (2): 1953, 1954
  • Women's Doubles champion: 1954
  • Women's Doubles runner-up: 1953
  • Mixed Doubles champion: 1954
  • Mixed Doubles runner-up: 1953

• Wimbledon
  • Singles champion (3): 1952, 1953, 1954
  • Women's Doubles runners-up (2): 1952, 1953

• U.S. Open
  • Singles champion (3): 1951, 1952, 1953
  • Women's Doubles runner-up: 1952

Grand Slam finals (18)

Singles (9)

Wins (9)

Year	Championship	Runner-up	Score
1951	U.S. Championships	Shirley Fry	6–3, 1–6, 6–4
1952	Wimbledon	Louise Brough	6–4, 6–3
1952	U.S. Championships (2)	Doris Hart	6–3, 7–5
1953	Australian Championships	Julia Sampson	6–3, 6–2
1953	French Championships	Doris Hart	6–2, 6–4
1953	Wimbledon (2)	Doris Hart	8–6, 7–5
1953	U.S. Championships (3)	Doris Hart	6–2, 6–4
1954	French Championships (2)	Ginette Bucaille	6–4, 6–1
1954	Wimbledon (3)	Louise Brough	6–2, 7–5

Women's doubles (6)

Wins (2)

Year	Championship	Partner	Runners-up	Score
1953	Australian Championships	Julia Sampson	Beryl Penrose Mary Bevis Hawton	6–4, 6–2
1954	French Championships	Nell Hall Hopman	Maude Galtier Suzanne Schmitt	7–5, 4–6, 6–0

Runner-ups (4)

Year	Championship	Partner	Champions	Score
1952	Wimbledon (1st)	Louise Brough Clapp	Doris Hart Shirley Fry	8–6, 6–3
1952	U.S. Championships	Louise Brough Clapp	Doris Hart Shirley Fry	10–8, 6–4
1953	French Championships	Julia Sampson	Doris Hart Shirley Fry	6–4, 6–3
1953	Wimbledon (2nd)	Julia Sampson	Doris Hart Shirley Fry	6–0, 6–0

Mixed doubles (3)

Win (1)

Year	Championship	Partner	Runners-up	Score
1954	French Championships	Lew Hoad	Jacqueline Patorni Rex Hartwig	6–4, 6–3

Runner-ups (2)

Year	Championship	Partner	Champions	Score
1953	Australian Championships	Hamilton Richardson	Julia Sampson Rex Hartwig	6–4, 6–3
1953	French Championships	Mervyn Rose	Doris Hart Vic Seixas	4–6, 6–4, 6–0

Grand Slam singles tournament timelines

NH = tournament not held.
R = tournament restricted to French nationals and held under German occupation.
A = did not participate in the tournament.
SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played.

References

External links

• International Tennis Hall of Fame
• Maureen Connolly Brinker Tennis Foundation Inc.
• Journal of San Diego History – Spring 2008 – San Diego's Sweetheart: Maureen Connolly
• Texas State Historical Association – Brinker, Maureen Catherine Connolly
• Maureen Connolly at Find a Grave