Matija Zmajević
| Matija Zmajević Matvei Khristoforovich Zmayevich | |
|---|---|
 Matija Zmajević | |
| Born |
January 6, 1680 Perast, Bay of Kotor Ottoman Empire (today's Montenegro) |
| Died |
August 23, 1735 (aged 55) Tavrov Tsardom of Russia (today's Russia) |
| Allegiance |
 Tsardom of Russia |
| Rank | Admiral |
Matija Zmajević (also Matej Zmajević, in Russia Matvei Khristoforovich Zmayevich Russian: Матвей Христофорович Змаевич) (January 6, 1680, Perast, Bay of Kotor - August 23, 1735, Tavrov, Russia) was admiral of the Baltic Fleet and the shipbuilder of the famous Russian Tsar Peter I the Great, and for whom he built a fleet in Voronezh.
Early life
He was born in a prominent Bokelj Catholic family from Perast (Bay of Kotor). His uncle Andrija Zmajević, a poet, was a renowned Roman Catholic bishop of Antivari (Bar). The family was in conflict with another Perast family of Bujović, and after Vicko Bujović was killed in a fight on city streets, Matija was forced to leave Perast for alleged involvement when he was 28. He escaped to the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and further to Istanbul, where he found refuge with Russian ambassador Peter Tolstoy. In 1712, Tolstoy sent him with recommendations to Peter I. Impressed with Zmajević's education and maritime skills, the tsar accepted him in military service and sent him to Sankt Petersburg with the rank of Captain of Fregate, and he continued to quickly climb naval ranks.
Military career
Zmajević had great successes in maritime battles against Sweden, with whom Russia fought the Great Northern War for supremacy on Baltic Sea. He captured 7 smaller Swedish galleys in Battle of Gangut 1714, and his fleet battled with a minor Swedish force at Grengam in 1720, in the last naval battle of the Great Northern War. As a result of Zmajević's victory, Peter the Great sent some of his young officers (boyars) to the town of Perast in Boka in order to study maritime sciences there. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral and put in charge for building the river fleet of Don. In 1725, he was honored to carry the emperor's crown at the funeral of Peter I. Tsar's successor, Catherine I of Russia, decorated Zmajević with the Order of Alexander Nevsky, and in 1727 he was awarded the ultimate rank of Admiral.
After the death of Catherine I in 1727, Zmajević was accused of embezzlement, and sentenced to death in front of court-martial. He was abolished in the last minute and put aside as governor of Astrakhan area in the rank of Vice-Admiral, where he spent last years of his life. He worked on establishment of the Black Sea Fleet, which would carry on to play a significant role in Russian expansion to south after his death.
Zmajević has testated numerous donations to his hometown Perast and Boka Kotorska. He was buried with military honors in the Catholic Church of Saint Ludvig in Moscow.
References
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Matija Zmajević. |
- (Croatian) Ruski admiral Matija Zmajević, Lovorka Čoralić, Slobodna Dalmacija, 14 April 2004.