Mashhad, Israel
| Mashhad | |
|---|---|
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • Hebrew | מַשְׁהַד |
| • ISO 259 | Mašhad |
| • Also spelled |
Meshhed (official) Mashhed (unofficial) |
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | مشهد |
  Mashhad | |
| Coordinates: 32°44′16.07″N 35°19′32.29″E / 32.7377972°N 35.3256361°ECoordinates: 32°44′16.07″N 35°19′32.29″E / 32.7377972°N 35.3256361°E | |
| District | North |
| Government | |
| • Type | Local council (from 1960) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,286 dunams (7.286 km2 or 2.813 sq mi) |
| Population (2005) | |
| • Total | 6,700 |
| Name meaning | "The shrine or place of martyrdom"[1] |
Mashhad (Hebrew: מַשְׁהַד, Arabic: مشهد, Mash-hed transliteration, grave of a holy man) is an Arab town located 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) northeast of Nazareth in Israel's North District. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 6,700 mostly Muslim inhabitants.[2][3]
History
Traces of ancient ruins have been found.[4]
In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers under the name of Mashad Yunis, as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Tabariyya under the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 31 households and 6 bachelors, all Muslim, who paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat and barley, fruit trees, vegetable and fruit garden, orchard, as well as on goats and/or beehives.[5]
In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he estimated had at most 300 inhabitants.[6] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Meshed as "A small village, built of stone, surrounding the traditional tomb of Jonah -a low building surmounted by two white- washed domes. It contains about 300 Moslems, and is situated on the top of a hill, without gardens. The water supply is from cisterns."[7]
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mashad had a total population of 356, all Muslim,[8] which had increased in the 1931 census to 487; 486 Muslims and 1 Christian, in a total of 111 houses.[9]
In 1945 the population was 660, all Arabs, with 11,067 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[10] Of this, 378 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 4,663 for cereals,[11] while 24 dunams were built-up land.[12]
Mashhad became a local council in 1960.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 131
- ↑ Population of Localities numbering above 1,000 residents Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, pp.2.
- ↑ Mashhed (Israel): Description Gutterman, Dov. FOTW.
- ↑ "This place is probably the Gittah-Hepher or (Gath ha Hepher of (Joshua 19:13), and (2 Kings 14:25). Jerome says that the prophet Jonah was buried at Gath, about two miles from Sepphoris. Benjamin of Tudela, says that the prophet's tomb was on a hill near Sepphoris. In the year 1333 the Rabbi Ishak Chelo (p,212) writes: ' From Sepphoris you go to Gath ha Hepher, now called Mesh-hed, the birthplace of the prophet Jonah. It is a small place, inhabited by a few poor Mussulmans. From there one goes to Kefr Kenna, the village which contains the tomb of Jonah. The Arabs have built a beautiful mosque over the sepulchre of this man of God.' Both the tomb and the mosque are now at Mesh-hed. One mile south of Mesh-hed is the Ain esh Shemaliyeh, at which place a most obstinate battle was fought on the 1st of May, 1187, between 7,000 Saracens and a handful of Christians, headed by Jacquelin de Maille, Marshal of the Temple." Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. 413.
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 188
- ↑ Guérin, 1880, p. 165 ff
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. 363.
- ↑ J. B. Barron, ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine. Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. 38.
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 74
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p. 62
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p. 109
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p. 159
Bibliography
- Alexandre, Yardenna (13/1/2008): Tel Gat Hefer Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.120
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, Herbert H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Guérin, Victor (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine. Vol 3, Galilee, pt. 1.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft.
- Jaffe, Gilad Bezal’el (27/11/2012): Tel Gat Hefer Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.124
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Porat, Leea [21/9/2006): Tel Gat Hefer Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot, no.118
