Marwan I

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marwan I
Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty
Reign	684–685
Full name	Marwan ibn al-Hakam
Born	March 28, 623
Died	May 7, 685
Predecessor	Muawiya II
Successor	Abd al-Malik
Dynasty	Umayyad
Father	Hakam ibn Wa'il

Marwan ibn al-Hakam ibn Abu al-'As ibn Umayyah (623 – 7 May 685) (Arabic: مروان بن الحكم بن ابو العاص بن أمية‎) was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, and the cousin of Uthman ibn Affan, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan (the "Sufyanids") to those of Hakam (the "Marwanids"), both of whom were grandsons of Umayya (for whom the Umayyad dynasty is named). Hakam was also the uncle of Uthman ibn Affan.

During the "Battle of the Camel" Marwan ibn al-Hakam is said to have shot his general Talhah with an arrow to the thigh, resulting in his death. Marwan killed Talhah in revenge for his alleged betrayal of the third Caliph, Uthman. He was removed from this position by Ali, only to be reappointed by Muawiya I. Marwan was eventually removed from the city when Abdullah ibn Zubayr rebelled against Yazid I. From here, Marwan went to Damascus, where he was made the caliph after Muawiya II abdicated.

Marwan's short reign was marked by a civil war among the Syrian Arabs as well as a war against Abdullah ibn Zubayr who continued to rule over the Hejaz, Iraq, Egypt and parts of Syria. Marwan was able to prevail in Syria at the Battle of Marj Rahit, the result of which was a new Marwanid line of Umayyad caliphs. He was also able to recapture Egypt and Syria from Abdullah, but was not able to completely defeat him.

Shi'a hold that none of the Umayyad caliphs were legitimate. See Succession to Muhammad for more details.

References

External links

http://www.dartabligh.org/books/ebooks/Role_vol1/page139.asp

Regnal titles
Marwan I Banu Umayya
Preceded by Muawiyah II	Umayyad Caliph 684–685	Succeeded by Abd al-Malik
Preceded by Said ibn al-As	Governor of Madina 679–681	Succeeded by Walid ibn Utbah ibn Abi Sufyan
Preceded by Said ibn al-As	Governor of Madina 674–677	Succeeded by Said ibn al-As
Preceded by ?	Governor of Madina 662–669	Succeeded by Said ibn al-As

v t e Umayyad Caliphs

Family tree Media

Caliphs of Damascus (661–750)	Muawiya I Yazid I Muawiya II Marwan I Abd al-Malik Al-Walid I Sulayman Umar II Yazid II Hisham Al-Walid II Yazid III Ibrahim Marwan II

Emirs of Córdoba (756–929)	Abd al-Rahman I Hisham I Al-Hakam I Abd ar-Rahman II Muhammad I Al-Mundhir Abdullah Abd-ar-Rahman III

Caliphs of Córdoba (929–1031)	Abd-ar-Rahman III Al-Hakam II Hisham II Muhammad II Sulayman Hisham II Sulayman Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir^[H] Abd ar-Rahman IV Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud^[H] Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali^[H] Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud^[H] Abd ar-Rahman V Muhammad III Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali^[H] Hisham III

^[H] indicates Hammudid usurpers

Persondata
Name	Marwan 01
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	623
Place of birth
Date of death	685
Place of death

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.