Mars 4

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Mars 4
Spacecraft properties

Mission type	Mars orbiter^[1]
Operator	Lavochkin
COSPAR ID	1973-047A^[2]
SATCAT №	6742^[2]

Spacecraft	3MS No.52S
Manufacturer	Lavochkin

Start of mission
Launch date	21 July 1973, 19:30:59 (1973-07-21UTC19:30:59Z) UTC^[3]
Rocket	Proton-K/D
Launch site	Baikonur 81/23

End of mission
Last contact	30 July 1973 (30 July 1973)

Orbital parameters
Reference system	Heliocentric

Flyby of Mars (failed orbiter)
Closest approach	10 February 1974, 15:34 UTC
Distance	1,844 km (1,146 mi)

Mars 4 (Russian: Марс-4), also known as 3MS No.52S was a Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Mars. A 3MS spacecraft launched as part of the Mars programme, it was intended to enter orbit around Mars in 1974. However, computer problems prevented orbital insertion from occurring.

Spacecraft

The Mars 4 spacecraft carried an array of instruments to study Mars. In addition to cameras, it was equipped with a radio telescope, an IR radiometer, multiple photometers, polarimeters, a magnetometer, plasma traps, an electrostatic analyser, a gamma-ray spectrometer, and a radio probe.^[4]

Built by Lavochkin, Mars 4 was the first of two 3MS spacecraft launched to Mars in 1973, being followed by Mars 5. A 3MS was also launched during the 1971 launch window as Kosmos 419. However, due to a launch failure, it failed to depart Earth orbit. In addition to the orbiters, two 3MP lander missions, Mars 6 and Mars 7, were launched during the 1973 window.

Launch

Mars 4 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket, a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/23.^[3] The launch occurred at 19:30:59 UTC on 21 July 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 4 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars.

Shortly after performing a course correction on 30 July 1973, two onboard computers failed, leaving Mars 4 unable to perform manoeuvres. As a result of this, it was unable to enter orbit around Mars. A small amount of data was returned as the probe flew past Mars on 10 February 1974, with a closest approach of 1,844 kilometres (1,146 mi) at 15:34 UTC.^[4]

References

↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Interplanetary Probes". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
↑ 2.0 2.1 "Mars 4". US National Space Science Data Centre. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
↑ 3.0 3.1 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
↑ 4.0 4.1 Siddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1973". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000. Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 101–106.

v t e Mars programme

Past	Mars 1M (1M No.1 \| 1M No.2) 2MV-4 No.1 Mars 1 2MV-3 No.1 2M No.521 2M No.522 Kosmos 419 Mars 2 Mars 3 Mars 4 Mars 5 Mars 6 Mars 7

Cancelled	Mars 4NM Mars 5NM Mars 5M

Italics indicate failures at launch.

v t e ← 1972 · Orbital launches in 1973 · 1974 →

Luna 21 (Lunokhod 2) \| Kosmos 543 \| Kosmos 544 \| Kosmos 545 \| Kosmos 546 \| Kosmos 547 \| Molniya-1 No.31 \| Kosmos 548 \| Prognoz 3 \| Kosmos 549 \| Kosmos 550 \| Kosmos 551 \| OPS 6063 \| OPS 8410 \| Meteor-M No.29 \| Kosmos 552 · Nauka-16KS No.2L \| Salyut 2 \| Molniya-2-5 \| Pioneer 11 \| Kosmos 553 \| Kosmos 554 \| Interkosmos 9 \| Anik A2 \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 555 · Nauka-14KS No.2 \| Kosmos 556 \| Kosmos 557 \| Skylab \| OPS 2093 \| Kosmos 558 \| Kosmos 559 \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 560 \| Unnamed \| Skylab 2 \| Kosmos 561 · Nauka-9KS No.1 \| Meteor-M No.27 \| Kosmos 562 \| Kosmos 563 \| Kosmos 564 · Kosmos 565 · Kosmos 566 · Kosmos 567 · Kosmos 568 · Kosmos 569 · Kosmos 570 · Kosmos 571 \| Kosmos 572 \| Explorer 49 \| OPS 6157 \| Kosmos 573 \| Kosmos 574 \| Kosmos 575 \| OPS 4018 \| Kosmos 576 \| Unnamed \| Molniya-2-6 \| OPS 8261 \| ITOS-E \| Mars 4 \| Kosmos 577 \| Mars 5 \| Skylab 3 \| Kosmos 578 \| Mars 6 \| Mars 7 \| OPS 8364 \| Kosmos 579 \| OPS 7724 \| Kosmos 580 \| Intelsat IV F-7 \| Kosmos 581 \| Kosmos 582 \| Molniya-1-24 \| Kosmos 583 \| Kosmos 584 \| Kosmos 585 \| Kosmos 586 \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 587 \| Soyuz 12 \| OPS 6275 \| Kosmos 588 · Kosmos 589 · Kosmos 590 · Kosmos 591 · Kosmos 592 · Kosmos 593 · Kosmos 594 · Kosmos 595 \| Kosmos 596 \| Kosmos 597 \| Kosmos 598 \| Kosmos 599 \| Kosmos 600 \| Kosmos 601 \| Molniya-2-7 \| Kosmos 602 \| Explorer 50 \| Kosmos 603 \| Kosmos 604 \| Transit-O 20 \| Interkosmos 10 \| Kosmos 605 \| Kosmos 606 \| Mariner 10 \| NOAA-3 \| Kosmos 607 \| OPS 6630 · OPS 6630/2 · OPS 7705 \| Molniya-1 No.32 \| Skylab 4 \| Kosmos 608 \| Kosmos 609 \| Kosmos 610 \| Kosmos 611 \| Kosmos 612 \| Kosmos 613 \| Molniya-1-26 \| Kosmos 614 \| Kosmos 615 \| OPS 9433 · OPS 9434 \| Explorer 51 \| Kosmos 616 \| Soyuz 13 \| Kosmos 617 · Kosmos 618 · Kosmos 619 · Kosmos 620 · Kosmos 621 · Kosmos 622 · Kosmos 623 · Kosmos 624 \| Kosmos 625 \| Molniya-2-8 \| Oreol 2 \| Kosmos 626 \| Kosmos 627

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

Spacecraft missions to Mars

Current

Orbiters	Mars Express Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 2001 Mars Odyssey Mars Orbiter Mission (en route) MAVEN (en route)

Rovers	Curiosity timeline Opportunity observed

Past

Flybys	Mariner 3 Mariner 4 Mariner 6 Mariner 7 Mars 1 Mars 1M No.1 Mars 1M No.2 Mars 2MV-4 No.1 Mars 4 Mars 6 Mars 7 Nozomi Zond 2

Orbiters	Fobos-Grunt / Yinghuo-1 Kosmos 419 Mariner 8 Mariner 9 Mars 2 Mars 2M No.521 Mars 2M No.522 Mars 3 Mars 4 Mars 5 Mars 96 Mars Climate Orbiter Mars Global Surveyor Mars Observer Phobos 1 Phobos 2 Viking 1 Viking 2

Landers	Beagle 2 Mars 2 Mars 2MV-3 No.1 Mars 3 Mars 6 Mars 7 Mars 96 Mars Pathfinder Mars Polar Lander / Deep Space 2 Phoenix Viking 1 Viking 2

Rovers	Prop-M Sojourner Spirit

Special	Dawn (flyby) Deep Space 1 (proposed flyby) Rosetta (flyby) Zond 3 (crossed Mars orbit)

Planned

InSight (2016)
ExoMars (2016 and 2018)
Inspiration Mars (2018 or 2021)
Mars 2020 rover (2020)

Proposed

Cancelled

Italics indicate failures at launch.

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