Margarodidae

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Margarodidae
Female Porphyrophora hamelii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Superfamily: Coccoidea
Family: Margarodidae
Genera

See text.

Synonyms

Termitococcidae Jakubski, 1965[1][2]

The Margarodidae or "ground pearls" are a family of scale insects within the superfamily Coccoidea. Members of the family include the Polish cochineal (genus Porphyrophora) and the original ground pearl genus, Margarodes. Beginning in 1880, a number of distinct subfamilies were recognized, with the giant coccis (the Monophlebidae) being the first.[3] Although Maskell proposed a new family, many continued to regard the monophlebids as a mere subfamily for many years,[4] and the Margarodidae classification[5][6] continued to be polyphyletic through the 20th Century.[4] Since then, taking the advice of Koteja[7] several subfamilies and tribes have been elevated into their own families such as Matsucoccidae and Xylococcidae.[1] The pared-down family of Margarodidae (Margarodidae sensu stricto or Margarodidae s. s.) is monophyletic.[1][8]

List of genera

  • Dimargarodes Silvestri, 1938
  • Eumargarodes Jakubski, 1950
  • Eurhizococcus Silvestri, 1936
  • Heteromargarodes Jakubski, 1965
  • Margarodes Guilding, 1828
  • Margarodesia Foldi, 1981
  • Neomargarodes Green, 1914
  • Porphyrophora Brandt, 1833
  • Promargarodes Silvestri, 1938
  • Termitococcus Silvestri, 1901

Former genera

  • Crypticerya Cockerell, 1895 now in the Monophlebidae
  • Desmococcus McKenzie, 1942 now in the Pityococcidae
  • Drosicha Walker, 1858 now in the Monophlebidae
  • Gueriniella Fernald, 1903 now in the Monophlebidae
  • Icerya Signoret, 1875 now in the Monophlebidae
  • Kuwania Cockerell in Fernald, 1903 now in the Kuwaniidae
  • Marchalina Vayssiere, 1923 now in the Marchalinidae
  • Matsucoccus Cockerell, 1909 now in the Matsucoccidae
  • Palaeococcus Cockerell, 1894 now in the Monophlebidae
  • Steingelia Nassonov, 1908 now in the Steingeliidae
  • Xylococcus Löw, 1883 now in the Xylococcidae

See also

  • Callipappidae, former subfamily of the Margarodidae
  • Coelostomidiidae, former subfamily of the Margarodidae

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Foldi, Imre (2005). "Ground pearls: a generic revision of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (new series) 41 (1): 81–125. Archived from the original on 22 May 2012. 
  2. ↑ Vahedi, Hassan‐Ali, and Hodgson, C. J. (2007). Systematics and Biodiversity 5 (1). pp. 23–122. doi:10.1017/S1477200006002039. 
  3. ↑ Maskell recognized the Monophlebidae as a separate family that year, Maskell, W. M. (1880). "Further notes on New Zealand Coccidae". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 12: 291–301. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gullan, P. J., and Sjaarda, A. W. (2001). "Trans‐Tasman Platycoelostoma Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) on endemic Cupressaceae, and the phylogenetic history of margarodids". Systematic Entomology 26 (3): 257–278. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00145.x. 
  5. ↑ Morrison, Harold (1928). A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. USDA Technical Bulletin, 52. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture. 
  6. ↑ Jakubski, Antoni Władysław (1965). A Critical Revision of the Families Margarodidae and Termitococcidae (Hemiptera, Coccidoidea). London: Trustees of the British Museum, Natural History. 
  7. ↑ Koteja, J. (1974). "On the phylogeny and classification of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) (discussion based on the morphology of the mouthparts)". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 19: 267–325. 
  8. ↑ Hodgson, Chris J., and Hardy, Nate B. (2013). "The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males". Systematic Entomology 38 (4): 794–804. doi:10.1111/syen.12030. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. 

External links


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