Marcus Lee Hansen

Marcus Lee Hansen (December 8, 1892 – May 11, 1938) was a noted American historian. He won the Pulitzer Prize for History for The Atlantic Migration, 1607–1860.

Biography

Hansen was born in Neenah, Wisconsin,^[1] the son of Scandinavian immigrants.^[2] He received a BA from Central College, an MA from the University of Iowa, and a PhD from Harvard University, where he studied under Frederick Jackson Turner.^[3] He was Associate Professor of History (1928–30) and Professor of History (1930–38) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.^[1]

Hansen was a member of the Board of Editors of the Norwegian-American Historical Association.^[4] He conducted research on the history of immigration to the United States. After winning a two-year grant, he studied migration records in Europe for several years.^[1]

He died on May 11, 1938 at the age of 45 in Redlands, California of chronic nephritis.^[5]

Work and publications

Hansen was an important historian of American immigration. In a 1938 essay, "The Problem of the Third Generation Immigrant", he first presented what he called "the principle of third generation interest": "What the son wishes to forget the grandson wishes to remember".^[6] This hypothesis suggests that ethnicity is preserved among immigrants, weakens among their children, and returns with their grandchildren.^[7] Children of immigrants tend to reject the foreign ways of their parents, including their religion, and want to join the American mainstream, but the next generation wants to retain the values of their ancestors. The religion of the first generation immigrant, which the second generation rejects, may be reaffirmed by the third generation.^[8] Hansen's hypothesis, which became popularized as "Hansen's law", led to much research. Most has shown that although the third generation retains some ethnic identity, there is not a return to ancestral cultural practices among later generations.^[9]

Hansen's most well-known works were The Atlantic Migration, 1607–1860: A History of the Continuing Settlement of the United States (posthumous, 1940) and The Immigrant in American History (posthumous, 1940).^[1] The former was a study of the factors that encouraged emigration among Europeans in the period before the Civil War, and was based on three years of research in European archives.^[3]

Although he specialized in American immigration history, he wrote on other subjects, including Old Fort Snelling, 1819–1858 (1918), Welfare Campaigns in Iowa (1920), Welfare Work in Iowa (1921), and The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples (posthumous, 1940).

Recognition

Hansen was posthumously awarded the 1941 Pulitzer Prize for History for The Atlantic Migration, 1607–1860: A History of the Continuing Settlement of the United States,^[10] which was published after his death. Historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. turned the rough draft developed by Hansen into a polished manuscript, and the book was published by the Harvard University Press in 1940.^[11]

References

Bibliography

• Hall, Max (1986). Harvard University Press: A History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-38080-0. 
• Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Elizabeth C. Clarage (1999). Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 1-57356-111-8.  Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
• Kugelmass, Jack (2003). Key Texts in American Jewish Culture. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3221-3. 

Further reading

• Greene, Victor R. "Marcus Hansen as Historian". Midcontinent American Studies Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall 1967), pp. 26-32.
• Hale, Frederick. Marcus Hansen, Puritanism, and Scandinavian Immigrant Temperance Movements 27. Norwegian-American Historic Association. p. 18. Retrieved 2011-05-30. 
• Qualey, Carlton C. "Marcus Lee Hansen". Midcontinent American Studies Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall 1967), pp. 18-25.
• Spear, Allan H. "Marcus Lee Hansen and the Historiography of Immigration". The Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Summer, 1961), pp. 258-268.