Marcel Tolkowsky
Marcel Tolkowsky (December 25, 1899 – February 10, 1991)[1] was a member of a Polish family of diamond cutters and an engineer by education. He is generally acknowledged as the father of the modern round brilliant diamond cut. Many of his family have gone on to become noted diamond cutters, including his cousin Lazare Kaplan and his great nephew Gabi Tolkowsky.
In 1919, as part of his PhD thesis, he published the specifications of the American Standard (also known as the American Ideal Cut, Tolkowsky cut, and Tolkowsky Brilliant), which is the diamond-cutting benchmark in North America. It was derived from mathematical calculations that considered both brilliance and fire of the stone. Marcel Tolkowsky found that if a diamond was cut too deep or shallow then light would escape out the sides or bottom of the diamond resulting in a loss of brilliance (white light reflected up through the top of a diamond), fire (colored light reflected from within a diamond), and sparkle (combination of fire and brilliance). The design was published in 1919 by Tolkowsky in his book Diamond Design.[1] The original model was intended to be a set of general guidelines; several aspects of a diamond's cut had not been accounted for or explored.[2] Later modifications of round brilliants differ in minor ways.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Marcel Tolkowsky, 92, A Retired Gemologist". The New York Times . 15 February 1991. Retrieved 9 November 2013. Obituary.
- ↑ Barak Green, Al Gilbertson, Ilene Reinitz, Mary Johnson and James Shigley (14 September 2001). "What did Marcel Tolkowsky Really Say?" (PDF). Gemological Institute of America.