M115 howitzer

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For other uses, see M115 (disambiguation).

M-115 203 mm howitzer
A M-115 203 mm howitzer on display at Bastrop, Texas, United States.
Type	Howitzer
Place of origin	United States
Production history
Designed	1939
Specifications
Weight	14,515 kg (31,780 lbs)
Length	10.972 m (40 ft)
Barrel length	5.14 m (16 ft 10 in)
Crew	14

Caliber	203 millimetres (8.0 in)
Breech	Interrupted screw
Recoil	Hydropneumatic
Elevation	-2º–+65º
Traverse	+60º
Rate of fire	1 rpm (maximum) 3 rounds per 2 minutes (maximum)
Muzzle velocity	587 m/s (1,926 ft/s)
Effective firing range	16,800 m (18,373 yds)

The M115 203 mm howitzer, also known as the M115 8 inch howitzer, was a towed howitzer used by the United States Army. Until the 1950s it was designated the 8 inch Howitzer M1. The original design started in 1919 but lapsed until resurrected in 1927 as a partner-piece for a new 155 mm gun. It was standardised as 8 inch Howitzer M1 in 1940. The M115/M1 was towed by the M35 Prime Mover gun tractor or a Mack 7⅓ ton 6x6 truck.

The M115 owes some of its origins to the British BL 8 inch Howitzer of the First World War, using the same Welin screw for the breech. The carriage was the same as used for the US 155 mm gun, and was also adopted by the British for their 7.2 inch Mark 6 howitzer. It consists of equilibrator assemblies, elevating and traversing mechanisms, two single-wheel, single-axle heavy limber, two-axle bogie with eight tyres and two trails. Four spades, carried on the trails, are used to emplace the weapon. The British 8 inch howitzer was produced in both England and under license in the US for the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I as the 8-inch Howitzer MK. VI.^[1] It was in service with the US Army till replaced by the M115. There are no reports of the MK. VI or another marks being used during World War II.

The first photos of the M115 type 8 inch cannon on its redesign carriage appeared in 1931, but development was slowed by the Great Depression.^[2]

The M115 saw service in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, and the Croatian War of Independence. In the late 1950s it was adopted in small numbers by several NATO armies to fire the W33 (M454 shell) and later the W79 nuclear artillery shell under the NATO nuclear sharing concept, a role which ended when the smallest types of tactical nuclear weapons were removed from service and eliminated.

Operators

United States
Italy - 9° Gr.A.Pe. - Gruppo Artiglieria Pesante "Rovigo", 1° Gr.A.Pe. - Gruppo Artiglieria Pesante "Adige", Gruppo A.U.C.-T.M. - Allievi Ufficiali di Complemento a Traino Meccanico
Croatia - former operator - 24 systems,
Republic of China
Iraq^[3]
Iran
Turkey
Pakistan - About 28 in service ^[4]
Republic of Korea - Many on DMZ
Japan
Denmark - former operator 1953-1992, 12 systems
Sudan - İn Turkey - 60

Self-propelling mounts

8 inch HMC M43 in Korea.

The howitzer was mounted on a modified M4 medium tank chassis, in mount M17. The resulting vehicle was initially designated 8 inch Howitzer Motor Carriage T89 and eventually standardized as 8 inch Howitzer Motor Carriage M43. A total of 48 units were built.^[5]
8 inch Howitzer Motor Carriage T80 - based on T23 Medium Tank chassis, never advenced past proposal stage.^[6]
8 inch Howitzer Motor Carriage T84 - based on T26 Medium Tank chassis, a single pilot was built in 1945.^[7]
The howitzer was mounted on a purpose-built tracked chassis to become the 8 inch Self-Propelled Howitzer M110. Notably accuracy and rate of fire suffered from having to lower the weapon to use the track mounted auto loader.

Ammunition

The howitzer fired separate loading, bagged charge ammunition, with seven different propelling charges, from 1 (the smallest) to 7 (the largest). The M454 Nuclear shell had its own M80 cartridge with three propelling charges.

Projectiles.^[8]
Type	Model	Weight	Filler	Muzzle velocity	Range
HE	HE M106 Shell (charge M2)	90.7 kg (200 lb)		594 m/s (1,950 ft/s)	16,926 m (11 mi)
HE	HE Mk 1A1 Shell (charge M1)	90.7 kg (200 lb)		408 m/s (1,340 ft/s)	10,214 m (6.3 mi)
Dummy	Dummy Mk 1 Projectile		-	-	-

Propelling charges.^[9]
Model	Weight, complete,	Components
M1 ("green bag")	6.3 kg (13 lb 14 oz)	Five incremental charges (for charges 1 to 5)
M2 ("white bag")	13.56 kg (29 lb 14 oz)	Base charge and two incremental charges (for charges 5 to 7)
M4 (dummy)	13.04 kg (28 lb 12 oz)	Base charge and two incremental charges

Concrete penetration^[10]
Ammunition \ Distance	2,743 mm (9 ft)	4,572 mm (20 ft)	9,144 mm (30 ft)	13,716 mm (50 ft)
HE M106 Shell (meet angle 0°)	1,432 mm (4 ft 8 in)	1,219 mm (4 ft)	975 mm (3 ft 2 in)	945 mm (3 ft 1 in)
Different methods of measurement were used in different countries / periods. Therefore, direct comparison is often impossible.

Notes

↑ US Army manual TM 9-2005, December 1942 Page 79
↑ "First Mile A Minute Army", October 1931, Popular Science photo bottom of page 53
↑ Rulers of Iraq and Saudi Arabia bury an old feud with big party in Baghdad. LIFE Magazine: May 27, 1957.
↑ John Pike. "Pakistan Army Equipment". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
↑ Hunnicutt - Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank, p 353-355, 571.
↑ Hunnicutt - Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series, p 158.
↑ Hunnicutt - Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series, p 159.
↑ Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Artillery Ammunition, p 203-205.
↑ Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Artillery Ammunition, p 301, 311.
↑ Hunnicutt - Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank, p 571.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to M115 203 mm howitzer.

Hunnicutt, R. P. (1994). Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-080-5.
Hunnicutt, R. P. (1996). Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series. Feist Publications. ISBN 1-112-95450-3.
Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Artillery Ammunition. War Department, 1944.
"M115 8 in (203 mm) howitzer". FAS Military Analysis Network. Retrieved May 31, 2005.
Missing Lynx
TM 9-2300 Standard Artillery and fire Control Material. (dated Feb. 1944)
TM 9-335
TM 9-1350

v t e United States artillery of World War II

Tank guns	37 mm gun M5/M6 75 mm gun M2/M3/M6 76 mm gun M1 3 inch gun M7 90 mm gun M3 105 mm howitzer M4

Anti-tank guns	37 mm M3 57 mm M1 75 mm M1897 3 inch M5 90 mm T8 105mm T8

Field, medium and heavy guns	75 mm howitzer M1 105 mm howitzer M2 105 mm howitzer M3 4.5 inch gun M1 155 mm howitzer M1918 155 mm howitzer M1 155 mm gun M1918MI 155 mm gun M1/M2 "Long Tom" 8 inch howitzer M1/M2 8 inch gun M1 240 mm howitzer M1

Mortars	60 mm mortar M2 81 mm mortar M1 4.2 inch mortar M2 Little David

Other vehicle-mounted	75 mm howitzer M2/M3 75 mm gun M1897 105 mm howitzer M2 155 mm gun M1918MI 155 mm gun M2

Anti-aircraft guns	37 mm M1 40 mm M1 3 inch M3 90 mm M1 120 mm M1

Coast artillery guns	3-inch gun M1903 90 mm M1 6-inch gun M1903 155 mm gun M1918MI 8-inch Mk. VI 12-inch M1895 16-inch M1919 16-inch Howitzer M1920

Railway artillery	8-inch Mk. VI 8-inch M1888 14-inch M1920

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