Lycaena

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Lycaena

Lycaena virgaureae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Lycaenidae
Subfamily:	Lycaeninae
Genus:	Lycaena Fabricius, 1807
Synonyms
Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975 Boldenaria Zhdanko, 1995 Chalceria Scudder, 1876 Chrysophanus Hübner, 1818 (rejected) Chysoptera Zincken, 1817 Disparia Verity, 1943 (non Nagano, 1916: preoccupied Epidemia Scudder, 1876 Helleia Verity, 1943 Heodes Dalman, 1816 Hermelycaena L.D.Miller & F.M.Brown, 1979 Hyllolycaena L.D.Miller & F.M.Brown, 1979 Loweia Tutt, 1906 Lycia Sodovskii, 1837 (non Hübner, 1825: preoccupied) Migonitis Sodovskii, 1837 (non Rafinesque, 1815: preoccupied "Palaeochrysophanus" Verity, 1934 (nomen nudum) Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943 Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934 Rapsidia Sibatani, 1974 Rumicia Tutt, 1906 Tharsalea Scudder, 1876 Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957 Thersamonia Verity, 1919 and see text

Lycaena is a butterfly genus with a world-wide range. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as Antipodolycaena. Many formerly independent genera are now subsumed within Lycaena; the genus Gaiedes may also belong here.^{[citation needed]}

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups:^[1]

Subgenus Tharsalea Scudder, 1876:

Lycaena arota (Boisduval, 1852) – Tailed Copper

Subgenus Chalceria Scudder, 1876:
The thaeides species-group:

Lycaena dione (Scudder, 1868)
Lycaena editha (Mead, 1878) – Edith's Copper
Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) – Gorgon Copper
Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852) – Great Gray Copper

The chalceria species-group:

Lycaena ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977 – Ferris' Copper
Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1858 – Blue Copper
Lycaena rubidus (Behr, 1866) – Ruddy Copper

Subgenus Epidemia Scudder, 1876:
The hyllolycaena species-group:

Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, [1775]) – Bronze Copper

The epidemia species-group:

Lycaena dorcas Kirby, 1837 – Dorcas Copper or Cinquefoil Copper
Lycaena dospassosi McDunnough, 1940
Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte, [1835]) – Bog Copper, Cranberry-bog Copper
Lycaena helloides (Boisduval, 1852) – Purplish Copper
Lycaena nivalis (Boisduval, 1869) – Nivalis Copper
Lycaena mariposa (Reakirt, 1866) – Mariposa Copper

Subgenus Hermelycaena Miller & Brown, 1979:

Lycaena hermes (Edwards, 1870) – Hermes Copper

Subgenus Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975:

Lycaena boldenarum White, 1862
Lycaena feredayi (Bates, 1867) – Glade Copper
Lycaena rauparaha (Fereday, 1877)
Lycaena salustius (Fabricius, 1793) – Common Copper

Unnamed subgenus:
The heodes species-group:

Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – Grecian Copper
Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761) – Sooty Copper
Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) – Scarce Copper

The palaeochrysophanus species-group:

Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844])
Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1761) – Purple-edged Copper

Subgenus Lycaena Fabricius, 1807:
The helle species-group:

Lycaena helle ([Schiffermüller], 1775) – Violet Copper
Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932
Lycaena li (Oberthür, 1886)
Lycaena ouang (Oberthür, 1891)
Lycaena pang (Oberthür, 1886)
Lycaena svenhedini (Nordström, 1935)
Lycaena tseng (Oberthür, 1886)

The phlaeas species-group:

Lycaena cupreus (Edwards, 1870) – Lustrous Copper
Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) – Small Copper, Common Copper, American Copper
Lycaena sichuanica Bozano & Weidenhoffer, 2001

The thersamolycaena species-group:

Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961
Lycaena aeolides (Churkin, 1999)
Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) – Purple-shot Copper
Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1802) – Large Copper
Lycaena splendens (Staudinger, 1881)
Lycaena violaceus (Staudinger, 1892)

The thersamonia species-group:

Lycaena aditya (Moore, [1875])
Lycaena alaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)
Lycaena alpherakyi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)
Lycaena attila (Zhdanko, 1990)
Lycaena asabinus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])
Lycaena hyrcana (Neuburger, 1903)
Lycaena kurdistanica (Riley, 1921)
Lycaena lampon Lederer, [1870]
Lycaena ochimus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])
Lycaena phoebus (Blachier, 1905) – Moroccan Copper
Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874
Lycaena thersamon (Esper, 1784) – Lesser Fiery Copper
Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834 – Fiery Copper or Golden Copper

The phoenicurusia species-group:

Lycaena margelanica (Staudinger, 1881)

The hyrcanana species-group:

Lycaena caspius (Lederer, 1869)
Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933
Lycaena pamira (Nekrutenko, 1983)
Lycaena sartha (Staudinger, 1886)
Lycaena sultan (Lang, 1884)

Unknown species group:

Lycaena bathinia Snellen, 1899
Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971 – Eastern Sorrel Copper
Lycaena evansii (de Nicéville, 1902)
Lycaena kasyapa (Moore, 1865) – Green Copper
Lycaena orbitulus (Esper, 1800) – Greenish Mountain Blue
Lycaena orus (Stoll, [1780]) – Western Sorrel Copper
Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)
Lycaena pallida Miskin, 1891
Lycaena panava (Westwood, 1852)
Lycaena pavana (Kollar, [1844]) – White-bordered Copper
Lycaena standfussi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)
Lycaena susanus (Swinhoe, 1889)
Lycaena tityrus Poda, 1761 – Sooty Copper
Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) – Scarce Copper
Lycaena younghusbandi Elwes, 1906
Lycaena zariaspa (Moore, 1874)

References

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