Luidia
| Luidia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Underside of Luidia magnifica | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Division: | Echinodermata |
| Subdivision: | Asterozoa |
| Class: | Asteroidea |
| Order: | Paxillosida |
| Family: | Luidiidae Sladen, 1889 [1] |
| Genus: | Luidia Forbes, 1839 [2] |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Luidia is a genus of starfish in the family Luidiidae (Sladen, 1889) in which it is the only genus. Members of the family have a cosmopolitan distribution.[3]
Characteristics
Members of the genus are characterised by having long arms with pointed tips fringed with spines.[4] The upper surface is covered with paxillae, pillar-like spines with flattened summits covered with minute spinules. There are no upper marginal plates, these being replaced by paxillae, but the lower marginal plates are large and themselves covered with paxillae. The tube feet do not have suckers but have two swollen regions. There is a mouth, oesophagus and cardiac stomach but no pyloric stomach or anus. The gonads are underneath the sides of each arm.[5]
The early larval stages of starfish are known as bipinnaria larvae and members of this genus do not continue their development after this stage into a brachiolar stage before undergoing metamorphosis. However, they are capable of larval cloning, with asexual reproduction taking place while they are larvae. This has been shown to take place both in the field and in laboratory cultures and has been studied by molecular analysis of sequences of mitochondrial tRNA to identify the taxa involved.[6]
Species
The following species are recognised by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS):[2]
- Luidia alternata (Say, 1825) – banded sea star
- Luidia amurensis Doderlein, 1920
- Luidia armata Ludwig, 1905
- Luidia asthenosoma Fisher, 1906
- Luidia atlantidea Madsen, 1950
- Luidia australiae Doderlein, 1920
- Luidia avicularia Fisher, 1913
- Luidia barbadensis Perrier, 1881
- Luidia bellonae Lütken, 1865
- Luidia changi Liu, Liao & Li, 2006
- Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837) – seven armed star
- Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) – slender armed starfish, gray sea star, lined sea star
- Luidia columbia (Gray, 1840)
- Luidia denudata Koehler, 1910
- Luidia difficilis Liu, Liao & Li, 2006
- Luidia ferruginea Ludwig, 1905
- Luidia foliolata (Grube, 1866) – spiny mudstar, leafy flat star, sand star
- Luidia gymnochora Fisher, 1913
- Luidia hardwicki (Gray, 1840)
- Luidia herdmani A.M. Clark, 1953
- Luidia heterozona Fisher, 1940
- Luidia hexactis H.L. Clark, 1938
- Luidia inarmata Doderlein, 1920
- Luidia integra Koehler, 1910
- Luidia latiradiata (Gray, 1871)
- Luidia lawrencei Hopkins & Knott, 2010
- Luidia longispina Sladen, 1889
- Luidia ludwigi Fisher, 1906
- Luidia maculata Müller & Troschel, 1842
- Luidia magellanica Leipoldt, 1895
- Luidia magnifica Fisher, 1906 – magnificent star
- Luidia mauritiensis Koehler, 1910
- Luidia neozelanica Mortensen, 1925
- Luidia orientalis Fisher, 1913
- Luidia patriae Bernasconi, 1941
- Luidia penangensis de Loriol, 1891
- Luidia phragma H.L. Clark, 1910
- Luidia porteri A.H. Clark, 1917
- Luidia prionota Fisher, 1913
- Luidia quinaria von Martens, 1865 – spiny sand seastar
- Luidia sagamina Doderlein, 1920
- Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren, 1845
- Luidia savignyi (Audouin, 1826)
- Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816) – nine-armed sea star
- Luidia sibogae Doderlein, 1920
- Luidia superba A.H. Clark, 1917 – giant sea star
- Luidia tessellata Lutken, 1859
- Luidia yesoensis Goto, 1914
References
- ↑ Luidiidae World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Luidia Forbes, 1839 World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ↑ Classification of Genus: Luidia Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ↑ Luidia Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ↑ Family Luidiidae Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ↑ Identification of Asteroid Genera With Species Capable of Larval Cloning Retrieved 2011-08-29.