Lucian Blaga

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Lucian Blaga
Born (1895-05-09)9 May 1895
Lancrăm, Sibiu County
Died 6 May 1961(1961-05-06) (aged 65)
Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County
Resting place
 Lancrăm

Lucian Blaga (Romanian: [lut͡ʃiˈan ˈblaɡa]; 9 May 1895 – 6 May 1961) was a Romanian philosopher, poet, and playwright.

Biography

Lucian Blaga was a commanding personality of the Romanian culture of the interbellum period. He was a philosopher and writer highly acclaimed for his originality, a university professor and a diplomat. He was born on 9 May 1895 in Lancrăm, near Sibiu, Romania, his father being an Orthodox priest. He did not speak any words until he was four,[citation needed] and he later described his early childhood, in an autobiographical work "The Chronicle and the Song of Ages", as "under the sign of the incredible absence of word". In the poem "Self-Portrait" he describes himself : "Lucian Blaga is silent like a swan."

Alley of Classics, Chişinău

His elementary education was in Sebeş (1902–1906), after which he attended the "Andrei Şaguna" Highschool in Braşov (1906–1914), under the supervision of a relative, Iosif Blaga, who happened to be the author of the first Romanian treatise on the theory of drama. At the outbreak of the First World War, he began theological studies at Sibiu, where he graduated in 1917. He published his first philosophy article on the Bergson theory of subjective time. From 1917 to 1920, he attended courses at the University of Vienna, where he studied philosophy and obtained his PhD.

Upon returning to the re-unified Romania, he contributed to the Romanian press in Transylvania, being the editor of the magazines Culture in Cluj and The Banat in Lugoj.

In 1926, he became involved in Romanian diplomacy, occupying successive posts at Romania's legations in Warsaw, Prague, Lisbon, Bern and Vienna. His political protector was the famous poet Octavian Goga, who occupied the chair of Prime Minister, Blaga being a relative of his wife. He was chosen a member of the Romanian Academy in 1937. His acceptance speech was entitled Elogiul satului românesc (In Praise of the Romanian Village).

In 1939, he became professor of cultural philosophy at the University of Cluj, temporarily located in Sibiu in the years following the Second Vienna Award. During his stay in Sibiu, he edited, beginning in 1943, the magazine Saeculum, which was published annually.

He was dismissed from his university professor chair in 1948 because he refused to express his support to the new Communist regime and he worked as librarian for the branch department (Cluj) of the History Institute of the Romanian Academy. He was forbidden to publish new books, and until 1960 he was allowed to publish only translations. He completed the translation of Faust, the masterpiece of Goethe, one of the German writers that influenced him most.

In 1956, he was nominated to the Nobel Prize for Literature[citation needed] on the proposal of Bazil Munteanu of France and Rosa del Conte of Italy, but it seems the idea was Mircea Eliade's. Still, the Romanian Communist government sent two emissaries to Sweden to protest the nomination,[citation needed] because Blaga was considered an idealist philosopher, and his poems were forbidden until 1962.[citation needed]

He died of cancer on 6 May 1961 and is buried in the countryside village cemetery of Lancrăm, Romania.

He was married to Cornelia (b. Brediceanu).[1] They had a daughter, Dorli, her name being derived from "dor", a noun that can be translated, roughly, as "longing".

The University of Sibiu bears his name today.

Literature

Poetry

  • 1919 - Poems of Light ( Poemele luminii );
  • 1921 - The Prophet's Footsteps ( Paşii profetului );
  • 1924 - In the Great Passage ( În marea trecere );
  • 1929 - In Praise of Sleep ( Laudă somnului );
  • 1933 - At the Watershed ( La cumpăna apelor ) ;
  • 1938 - At the Courtyard of Yearning ( La curțile dorului ) ;
  • 1943 - Unsuspected Steps ( Nebănuitele trepte );
  • 1982 - 3 Posthumous Poems;

Drama

  • 1921 - Zamolxis, A Pagan Mystery
  • 1923 - Whirling Waters
  • 1925 - Daria, The Deed, Resurrection
  • 1927 - Manole the Craftsman ( Mesterul Manole )
  • 1930 - The Children's Crusade
  • 1934 - Avram Iancu
  • 1944 - Noah's Ark
  • 1964 - Anton Pann - published posthumously.

Philosophy

His philosophical work is grouped in four trilogies:

  • Filosofia cunoașterii (gnoseology) (1943)
  • Filosofia culturii (culture) (1944)
  • Filosofia valorilor (values) (1946)
  • Filosofia cosmologica (cosmology) (1983 posthumously)

His fourth work, Cosmologica, was completed but not published because he was banned by the regime at the time. Before his death, Blaga left an editorial testament on how his works are to be published posthumously [2]

His novel, Charon's ferry, is intended to be a companion to the philosophical trilogies. In it, Blaga addresses some of the more problematic philosophical issues, such as those pertaining to para-psychological and occult phenomena, under the name of a fictive philosopher. [3]

Philosophical works

  • 1924 - "The Philosophy of Style"
  • 1925 - "The Original Phenomenon" and "The Facets of a Century"
  • 1931 - "The Dogmatic Aeon"
  • 1933 - "Luciferian Knowledge"
  • 1934 - "Transcendental Censorship"
  • 1936 - "Horizon and Style" and "The Mioritic Space"
  • 1937 - "The Genesis of Metaphor and the Meaning of Culture"
  • 1939 - "Art and Value"
  • 1940 - "The Divine Differentials"
  • 1942 - "Religion and Spirit" and "Science and Creation"
  • 1943 - The Trilogy of Knowledge (The Dogmatic Aeon, Luciferian Knowledge, Transcendent Censorship: in 1983 On Philosophical Cognition and Experiment and the Mathematical Spirit was added posthumously according to his will)
  • 1944 - The Trilogy of Culture (Horizon and Style, The Mioritic Space, The Genesis of Metaphor and the Meaning of Culture)
  • 1946 - The Trilogy of Values (Science and Creation, Magical Thinking and Religion, Art and Value)
  • 1959 - Historical Existence
  • 1966 - Romanian Thought in Transylvania in the 18th Century
  • 1968 - Horizons and Stages
  • 1969 - Experiment and the Mathematical Spirit
  • 1972 - Sources (essays, lectures, articles)
  • 1974 - On Philosophical Cognition
  • 1977 - Philosophical Essays
  • 1983 - The Cosmological Trilogy (The Divine Differentials, Anthropological Aspects, Historical Existence)

Other Works

  • 1919 - Stones for My Temple, aphorisms
  • 1945 - Discoblus, aphorisms
  • 1965 - The Chronicle and Song of Ages, memoirs
  • 1977 - The Élan of the Island, aphorisms
  • 1990 - Charon's Ferry, novel

References

  1. ↑ http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/aldine/cornelia-blaga-brediceanu-diplomat-la-parisa-175333.html
  2. ↑ Blaga, Lucian (2013). Trilogia cunoasterii. Bucharest: Editura Humanitas. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-973-50-3575-4. 
  3. ↑ Blaga, Lucian (2013). Trilogia cunoasterii. Bucharest: Editura Humanitas. p. 8. ISBN 978-973-50-3575-4. 

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