Louis Bertrand Castel

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Louis Bertrand Castel (15 November 1688 – 9 January 1757) was a French mathematician born in Montpellier, and entered the order of the Jesuits in 1703. Having studied literature, he afterwards devoted himself entirely to mathematics and natural philosophy. He wrote several scientific works, that which attracted most attention at the time being his Optique des couleurs (1740), or treatise on the melody of colors. He also wrote Traité de physique sur la pesanteur universelle des corps (1724), Mathématique universelle (1728), and a critical account of the system of Sir Isaac Newton in 1743.

Work in optics

Castel's 1740 comparison of Newton's spectral color description with his explanation in terms of the interaction of light and dark, which Goethe later developed into his Theory of Colours.

It was in 1740 that Louis Bertrand Castel published a criticism of Newton's spectral description of prismatic colour^[1] in which he observed that the colours of white light split by a prism depended on the distance from the prism, and that Newton was looking at a special case. It was an argument that Goethe later developed in his Theory of Colours.^[2]

The Ocular Harpsichord

Early on, Castel illustrated his optical theories with a proposal for a Clavecin pour les yeux (Ocular Harpsichord, 1725). While the treatise and the illustration were apparently forgotten,^[3] he continually developed the idea. It was soon after the publication of his L'Optique des couleurs in the 1740s, that German composer Telemann went to France to see Castel's Ocular Harpsichord for himself. He ended up composing several pieces for it, and even wrote a book about it.^{[citation needed]} .

The ocular harpsichord had sixty small coloured glass panes, each with a curtain that opened when a key was struck. A second, improved model of the harpsichord was demonstrated for a small audience in December of 1754. Pressing a key caused a small shaft to open, in turn allowing light to shine through a piece of stained glass.^[4][5] Castel thought of color-music as akin to the lost language of paradise, where all men spoke alike, and he claimed that thanks to his instrument’s capacity to paint sounds, even a deaf listener could enjoy music.^[6]

See also

• Color organ
• Theory of Colours

References

1. ↑ Louis-Bertrand Castel (1740). L'Optique des couleurs. Paris. 
2. ↑ Thomas L. Hankins and Robert J. Silverman (1995). Instruments and the Imagination. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00549-4. 
3. ↑ Hugh James Rose (1857). A New General Biographical Dictionary. London: B. Fellowes, &c. 
4. ↑ Jae-sung PDF
5. ↑ Maura McDonnell, "Visual music".
6. ↑ The Scale and the Spectrum James Peel Cabinet (magazine), Winter 2006

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press 

External links

• 1911 Britannica article "Louis Bertrand Castel"
• LA Weekly "Laserium" article
• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Louis Bertrand Castel", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
• Maarten Franssen, "The Ocular Harpsichord of Louis-Bertrand Castel". Tractrix: Yearbook for the History of Science, Medicine, Technology and Mathematics 3, 1991.