Lost to follow-up
In the clinical research trial industry, lost to follow-up refers to patients who at one point in time were actively participating in a clinical research trial, but have become lost (either by error in a computer tracking system or by being unreachable) at the point of follow-up in the trial. These patients can become lost for many reasons. Without properly informing the investigator associated with the clinical trial, they may have opted to withdraw from the clinical trial, moved away from the particular study site during the clinical trial, or become ill and unable to communicate or are deceased.
Adverse effects
Patients who become lost to follow-up during a clinical research trial result in many negative effects on the outcome of the trial and on the pharmaceutical company sponsoring the clinical research trial. Patients who are lost-to-follow-up lead to incomplete study results, which in turn can put a bias on the result of the study as well as a bias on the investigational study medication. A lack of complete results leads to intensified FDA scrutiny of the particular study drug, as well as the pharmaceutical company sponsoring the clinical research study. Biased study outcomes also lead to issues of HIPAA standards and compliance.
Aside from partial study data and regulatory issues, patients that are not retained due to being lost-to-follow-up can lead to problems with the progression of any clinical research study. Low rates of retention and high rates of patient’s lost-to-follow-up have many side-effects, including longer clinical research trial periods and more monetary expenditures because extra resources may need to be dedicated to the recruitment efforts.
Solutions
Currently there are no standards or guidelines that express the process or methods that can be used to attempt to reach patients who have become lost to follow-up. Only recently have government institutions like the FDA taken action over the recovery of or communication with patients lost-to-follow-up. Section 4.3.4 of the ICH E-6 Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated Guidance reads, "Although a subject is not obliged to give his/her reason(s) for withdrawing prematurely from a trial, the investigator should make a reasonable effort to ascertain the reason(s), while fully respecting the subject's rights." This excerpt expresses the need for physicians associated with clinical research trials to make a first-hand effort to contact patients who are lost-to-follow-up. In doing so pharmaceutical companies not only look out for the best interest of the patients who enroll in their clinical research trials, but also protect the data outcome of their clinical trials.
It is important for patients, physicians associated with the study and regulatory departments, like the FDA, that more information is provided to the appropriate people whenever possible. The information should be provided by the patient but when that is not feasible it should be provided by the investigator. Proper ways of obtaining information from and about the patients must be developed and proper processes as to the handling of this information must be implemented in order to protect the patients and the integrity of the study outcome.
Recently, a few companies have developed methods of locating and contacting patients that are lost-to-follow-up and processes of handling patient information. These are options that pharmaceutical companies can use to find patients that have become lost-to-follow-up, including new systems by L2FU and OmniTrace Corp. These lost to follow-up patient locate systems use customized programmed software systems, as well as highly customized research and communication processes.
References
- "LOST to Follow-up Information in Trials (LOST-IT): a Protocol on the Potential Impact." Web. 4 May 2011. .
- "Locate Patients Lost-To-Follow-Up!" OmniTrace - Find Birth Parents | Adoptee Search | Free People Search Help. Web. 4 May 2011. .
- "A Method to Reduce Loss to Follow-up in Clinical Trials: Informed, Withdrawal of Consent." Oxford Journals | Medicine | European Journal of Heart Failure. Web. 4 May 2011. .
- "MediciGlobal Articles | CenterWatch News Online." The Global Source for Clinical Trials Information | CenterWatch. Web. 4 May 2011. .