Llandaff Cathedral
| Llandaff Cathedral | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Llandaff Cathedral | |
| 51°29′45″N 3°13′5″W / 51.49583°N 3.21806°W | |
| History | |
| Authorising papal bull | none |
| Events | Badly damaged during World War II – 1941 |
| Associated people |
Jasper Tudor Dante Gabriel Rossetti |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Llandaff (Landavensis) |
| Clergy | |
| Bishop(s) |
George de Athequa Anthony Kitchin |
Llandaff Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Llandaf) is the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff, head of the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff. It is situated in the district of Llandaff in the city of Cardiff, the capital of Wales. The current building was constructed in the 12th century over the site of an earlier church. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul, and also to three Welsh saints: Dubricius (Welsh: Dyfrig), Teilo and Oudoceus (Welsh: Euddogwy). It is one of two cathedrals in Cardiff, the other being the Roman Catholic Cardiff Cathedral in the city centre.
Medieval history
Llandaff Cathedral was built on the site of an existing church. According to tradition, the community was established by Saint Dubricius at a ford on the River Taff and the first church was founded by Dubricius' successor, Saint Teilo.[1] These two are regarded as the cathedral's patron saints, along with their successor Oudoceus.[1] The original church is no longer extant, but a standing Celtic cross testifies to the presence of Christian worship at the site in pre-Norman times.
The Normans occupied Glamorgan early in the Norman Conquest, appointing Urban their first bishop in 1107. He began construction of the cathedral in 1120 and had the remains of Saint Dyfrig transferred from Bardsey; the work was not completed until 1290. The west front dates from 1220 and contains a statue of St. Teilo. Bishop Henry de Abergavenny gave the cathedral its statutes. The Lady Chapel was built by William de Braose, bishop from 1266 to 1287. Damage was done to the church in 1400 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr; his forces also destroyed the Bishop's Palace at Llandaff. Most of the other damage was repaired, most notably by Bishop Marshall, whose reredos partly survives. The northwest tower, the one without a spire, was added by Jasper Tudor and is now named after him. He assumed the lordship of Cardiff after the accession to the throne of his nephew, King Henry VII of England.
Late medieval tombs include that of Sir David Mathew of Llandaff (1400–1484). Sir David ap Mathew was 'Grand Standard Bearer Of England', granted under King Edward IV, for saving his life at the Battle of Towton, 29 March 1461 (War Of The Roses).
Post medieval and Victorian history
During the English Civil War, the cathedral was overrun by Parliamentarian troops. The southwest tower suffered major damage in the Great Storm of 1703 and by 1720, was in a state of collapse. In 1734, work began on a new cathedral, designed by John Wood, the Elder,[2] and nicknamed the "Italian Temple". It was used for a hundred years but never completed and only a few stones remain.
During the 19th century, when the Bishop of Llandaff began, for the first time for centuries, to reside in Llandaff, the cathedral was extensively restored, the tower rebuilt and a spire added. Much of the restoration work was completed by local architect John Prichard between 1843 and 1869.[3] A triptych by Dante Gabriel Rossetti was designed for use as a reredos, and new stained glass windows were designed by Sir Edward Burne-Jones and Ford Madox Brown. The office of Dean was separated from that of the Archdeacon of Llandaff in November 1843.[4] The cathedral school which existed from the time of the Elizabethan Bishop Blethyn until about 1700 was re-established by Dean Vaughan in 1880.
On the evening of 2 January 1941 during World War II the cathedral was severely damaged when a parachute mine was dropped near it during the Cardiff Blitz, blowing the roof off the nave, south aisle and chapter house. The top of the spire also had to be reconstructed[5] and there was also damage to the organ. Of British cathedrals, only Coventry Cathedral was damaged more, during the infamous Coventry Blitz.
Major restorations and reconfigurations were carried out under architect George Pace of York, and the building was back in use in June 1958. The Queen attended a service celebrating the completion of the restoration on 6 August 1960. The Welch Regiment memorial chapel was constructed, and Sir Jacob Epstein created the figure of Christ in Majesty which is suspended above the nave on a concrete arch designed by George Pace.
In February 2007 the cathedral suffered a severe lightning strike. Particular damage was caused to the electrics of the organ, which was already in poor condition. This prompted the launch, on 13 July 2007 (the 50th anniversary of the re-hallowing of the nave following the wartime damage), of an appeal to raise £1.5 million for the construction of an entirely new organ.[6]
Music
For many years, the cathedral had the traditional Anglican choir of boys and men, and more recently a girls' choir, with the only dedicated choir school in the Church in Wales, The Cathedral School, Llandaff.[7] In addition, the parish choir sings at the weekly Parish Eucharist, and is a mixed choir of boys, girls, men and women. Women were only allowed to sing in the choir from 2005 onwards.[8]
The organ that was installed after the wartime damage was never entirely satisfactory, even before the lightning damage. Originally it had been planned to install a new organ at that time, but the costs of about 1 million pounds were deemed to be too high in the austere climate of post-war Britain. Work on installing the new organ, by the Nicholson's of Malvern firm of organ builders, began in autumn 2008. Though not fully completed, it was brought to a playable stage by Easter 2010 and had its inaugural performance (the Gloria of Louis Vierne's Messe Solennelle) at the Easter Vigil service on 3 April 2010.The remaining stops were added in the late summer of 2013.[6] This is the first entirely new organ for a British cathedral since that for Coventry.[6] A specification can be seen here.
The cathedral has a ring of twelve bells (with an additional "flat sixth", to make thirteen in total) hung for change-ringing, located in the Jasper tower. The current bells were installed in 1992, replacing a previous ring of ten.[1][9]
In December 2013, five days before Christmas, the Cathedral Chapter announced that all salaried adult members of the choir (altos, tenors and basses) were being made redundant, along with the Assistant Organist. The Cathedral was in the midst of a financial crisis, and the Chapter intended to save £45,000 a year by taking these measures.[10]
List of organists
- 1861 John Bernard Wilkes
- 1866 Francis Edward Gladstone
- 1870 Theodore Edward Aylward
- 1876 Charles Lee Williams
- 1882 Hugh Brooksbank
- 1894 George Galloway Beale
- 1937 William Henry Gabb
- 1946 Albert Vernon Butcher
- 1949 Thomas Hallford
- 1950 Eric Arthur Coningsby
- 1952 Charles Kenneth Turner
- 1957 Eric Howard Fletcher
- 1958 Robert Henry Joyce
- 1974 Michael John Smith
- 2000 Richard Moorhouse
Assistant organists
- Arthur Charles Edwards 1894
- R. M. Powney 1940 – ?
- Graham John Elliott 1966–1970 (afterwards organist of St Asaph Cathedral)
- Anthony Burns-Cox 1970-1977 laterly organist of Romsey Abbey
- Marc Rochester 1977-79 (afterwards organist of Londonderry Cathedral)
- Michael Hoeg M.B.E 1980–2010
- James Norrey 2010–2012
- Sachin Gunga 2012–2013 (post dissolved December 2013)
Lay Clerks
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Burials
- This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
- Dubricius, 6th-century Briton Saint who evangelised Ergyng (now Archenfield) and much of South-East Wales; his body was transferred to Llandaff Cathedral in 1120.
- Meurig ap Tewdrig, King of Gwent and the husband of Onbrawst, daughter of Gwrgan Fawr, who was a cousin of Dubricius
- Teilo, 6th-century Welsh clergyman, church founder and Saint
- Oudoceus, 7th-century third Bishop of Llandaff, was supposedly buried at the church in Llandaff on the site where the present Cathedral now stands.
- John Marshall (bishop), Bishop of Llandaff (1478–1496)
- Hugh Lloyd (bishop), Bishop of Llandaff (1660–1667)
- Francis Davies, Bishop of Llandaff (1667–1675)
- Alfred Ollivant, Bishop of Llandaff (1849–1882)
See also
- List of cathedrals in Wales
- Dean of Llandaff - Chronological list of deans of Llandaff cathedral
- List of works by George Pace
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "A short history". Llandaff Cathedral website. Dean and Chapter of Llandaff Cathedral. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ↑ page 213, John Wood Architect of Obsession, Tim Mowl & Brian Earnshaw, 1988, Millstream Books
- ↑ The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales page 710, John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 20314. p. 400. 6 February 1844. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
- ↑ "Llandaff cathedral". Retrieved 9 May 2009.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "The Cathedral organ appeal". Llandaff Cathedral website. Dean and Chapter of Llandaff Cathedral. 13 July 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ↑ "Choir Schools' Association School in Wales". website of the Choir Schools' Association. Retrieved 10 October 2007. The Roman Catholic Cardiff Cathedral also has a choir school
- ↑ "The Cathedral Parish Choir". Llandaff Cathedral website. Dean and Chapter of Llandaff Cathedral. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ↑ "Dove details: Llandaff Cath, Metropolitical, and Parish Ch of SS Peter & Paul". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council for Church Bell Ringers. 27 August 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ↑ "BBC News announcement of redundancies at Llandaff Cathedral". Retrieved 21 December 2013.
External links
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Coordinates: 51°29′45″N 3°13′5″W / 51.49583°N 3.21806°W