List of public art in the City of Westminster
This article lists public art in the City of Westminster, a borough in central London. It includes statues, busts and other kinds of permanent sculpture, memorials (excluding plaques without a sculptural element on buildings), fountains, murals and exterior mosaics. A separate article lists architectural sculpture on buildings in the area.
The City of Westminster has more public sculpture than any other area of London,[1] containing as it does most of the West End, the political centres of Westminster and Whitehall and three of the Royal Parks (with parts of Regent's Park and Kensington Gardens), as well as London’s official centre at Charing Cross. Many of the most notable sites for commemoration in London lie within its boundaries, including Trafalgar Square (largely dedicated to military and naval leaders), Parliament Square (for British and foreign statesmen) and the Victoria Embankment. On the western edge of the district one of the most ambitious artistic works of the Victorian age was erected, the Albert Memorial. After World War I many memorials to the conflict were raised in the area, the most significant being the Grade I-listed Cenotaph in Whitehall.
So great is the number of monuments and memorials in the City of Westminster that its council has deemed an area stretching from Whitehall to St James's to be a "monument saturation zone" where the addition of new memorials is generally discouraged; the same restriction applies in Royal Parks within the borough.[2] Sculptors of note whose work is in public spaces in the City of Westminster include Auguste Rodin, Sir Alfred Gilbert, Sir Jacob Epstein, Henry Moore and Dame Elisabeth Frink.
In addition to the permanent works which are the subject of this article, the City of Westminster is also host to several temporary displays of sculpture. The most high-profile of these is at the Fourth plinth in Trafalgar Square, which has shown works by contemporary artists on rotation since 1999. Temporary displays of new sculpture can also be seen at the Economist Plaza in St James's and the courtyard of Burlington House (the Royal Academy) on Piccadilly. In 2010 Westminster City Council inaugurated the City of Sculpture project, which has seen contemporary sculpture installed in locations across the district.[3]
Aldwych / Strand
Strand is the thoroughfare that has linked the City of London with Westminster since Saxon times;[4] Aldwych is a crescent at its eastern end created during urban improvements in the early 20th century. Among the architectural sculpture in this area, of particular note are Jacob Epstein’s reliefs of the Ages of Man for Zimbabwe House (formerly the British Medical Association building), the sculptor’s first major work in Britain and the subject of heated controversy due the nudity of the figures.[5] Much of the recent public art in this area was bequeathed to the London School of Economics in 2005 by Louis Odette, a Canadian alumnus of the university who also founded the Windsor Sculpture Park in Windsor, Ontario.[6]
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
George III and Father Thames | Sculptural groups | Courtyard, Somerset House |
1790 | c.John Bacon | Sir William Chambers | The King, in the upper group, leans on a rudder and is flanked by a British lion and the prow of a classical barge; the Thames is represented below him as a river god. The maritime theme refers both to the function of the building, as offices for the Royal Navy (among other institutions), and to the King himself as steering the ship of state.[7] | Grade I | |
Memorial to William Ewart Gladstone | Memorial with statue and other sculpture | Strand, in front of St Clement Danes |
1905 | Sir William Hamo Thornycroft | John Lee | Unveiled 4 November 1905. Allegorical figures around the base represent Courage, Education, Aspiration and Brotherhood. Also represented are the arms of Gladstone’s constituencies, Midlothian, Oxford University, the Duchy of Lancaster and Newark.[8] | Grade II | |
Samuel Johnson | Statue | Strand, behind St Clement Danes |
1910 | Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald | — |
Unveiled 4 August 1910. Fitzgerald was an amateur sculptor and something of a self-appointed authority on Dr Johnson, who was a parishioner of St Clement’s. A portrait medallion of James Boswell is set into the pedestal, which is a post-war replacement for the original.[9] | Grade II | |
Civil Service Rifles War Memorial | Memorial | River Terrace, Somerset House |
1923 | — |
Sir Edwin Lutyens | Unveiled 27 January 1924 in the centre of the courtyard of Somerset House; relocated in 2002. The painted stone flags are a feature that Lutyens originally intended to employ on the Cenotaph in Whitehall.[10] | Grade II | |
Air Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding | Statue | Strand, in front of St Clement Danes | 1988 | Faith Winter | C. A. Hart | Unveiled 30 October 1988 by the Queen Mother. The pose has been described as "deliberately unheroic".[11] St Clement Danes is the Central Church of the Royal Air Force. | — | |
Jawaharlal Nehru | Bust | India Place | 1991 | Latika Katt | Peter Leach Associates | Unveiled 14 November 1991 in India House.[12] | — | |
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet | Statue | Strand, in front of St Clement Danes | 1992 | Faith Winter | T. Hart and Michael Goss | Unveiled 31 May 1992 by the Queen Mother. The decision to commemorate Harris ignited a major controversy, and was criticised by the mayors of Dresden and Cologne. The unveiling was met by a public protest.[13] | — | |
Eagle | Sculpture | Outside Tower One, London School of Economics | 2000 | A. Duquette | — |
A small bronze of an eagle′s head. This and the five works that follow are part of the Odette bequest of 2005 to the LSE.[6] | — | |
Salutation | Sculpture | Near the Peacock Theatre, London School of Economics | 2002 | Ralph Hicks | — |
An abstracted representation, in stainless steel, of a human figure bowing its head to passersby. Another version is at the Windsor Sculpture Park.[14] | — | |
Baby Tembo | Sculpture | Clare Market, near London School of Economics | 2002 | Derrick Stephan Hudson | — |
This work and Yolanda vanderGaast’s Penguin were sited on Clare Market as the LSE crèche was at that time at the top of the street, and it was thought that these sculptures might appeal to children. The crèche has since moved.[6] | — | |
Three Fates | Sculpture | Opposite Tower Three, London School of Economics | 2003 | Morton Katz | — |
— | ||
Equus | Sculpture | John Watkins Plaza | 2003 | Edwina Sandys | — |
A bronze copy of a smaller marble original of 1977, produced during the artist’s "Stone Age" period.[15] | — | |
Penguin | Sculpture | Clare Market, near London School of Economics | 2009 | Yolanda vanderGaast | — |
VanderGaast′s original Penguin of 2002[6] stood in Clare Market from 2005. In 2009 it was stolen; the thieves left only the flippers behind. The replacement statue is more firmly secured to the ground than its predecessor.[16] | — |
Bayswater
Bayswater is a largely residential district district north-west of Charing Cross, bordering with the northern end of Kensington Gardens. Its essential character is now defined by the stuccoed terraces erected from 1827 onwards, which spread in a westerly direction over the course of the 19th century.[17]
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
War memorial | Cross | St John’s Church, Hyde Park Crescent | after 1919 | — |
— |
Commemorates parishioners who died in World War I.[18] | — | |
Memorial Cross Statues of Saints George, Louis, Maurice, Longinus, Adrian, Florian and Eustace |
Memorial | Lancaster Gate |
1921 | Lawrence A. Turner | Sir Walter Tapper | Unveiled 27 March 1921. Commemorates residents of the Metropolitan Borough of Paddington who gave their lives in World War I. Severely damaged in the Great Storm of 1987. Re-erected on present site on 11 November 2002.[19] | | |
Memorial to Reginald Brabazon, 12th Earl of Meath | Memorial | Lancaster Gate | 1934 | Joseph Hermon Cawthra | |
Unveiled 24 May 1934.[20] | |
Belgravia
- Part of Belgravia lies outside the City of Westminster; for works not listed here see the List of public art in Kensington and Chelsea.
Belgravia is a district south-west of Buckingham Palace, and is approximately bounded by Knightsbridge to the north, Grosvenor Place and Buckingham Palace Road to the east, Pimlico Road to the south, and Sloane Street to the west. The area was laid out in the 1820s by Thomas Cubitt and Thomas Cundy and retains a predominantly residential character. It is also the location of a significant number of embassies and diplomatic buildings, particularly in the area around Belgrave Square.[21]
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorial to Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster | Drinking fountain | Junction of Pimlico Road and Avery Farm Row |
1871 | — |
Thomas Henry Wyatt | Grade II | ||
Sir Sydney Waterlow, 1st Baronet | Statue | Westminster City School, Palace Street | 1901 | Frank Taubman | — |
Unveiled 27 June 1901. A replica of the statue in Waterlow Park, Highgate.[22] | — | |
Simón Bolívar | Statue | Belgrave Square | 1974 | Hugo Daini | — |
Unveiled by James Callaghan, then Foreign Secretary, and the Venezuelan president Rafael Caldera. The statue of Bolívar in London is said to represent him as a maker of constitutions, in contrast to those in Madrid, Rome and Paris, which are equestrian. The quotation on the pedestal stresses his admiration for British institutions: I am convinced that England alone is capable of protecting the world's precious rights as she is great, glorious and wise.[23] | — | |
Great Flora L | Sculpture | Chesham Place | 1978 | Fritz Koenig | — |
The sculpture stands outside the extension to the German Embassy, with which it is contemporary.[24] It was conceived as "a fragile ‘call-sign’ in the heart of the surging metropolis".[25] | — | |
Hercules | Statue | Ormonde Place | 1981 (erected) | — |
— |
A small, bronze replica of the Farnese Hercules. Pedestal inscribed HERCULES/ THIS STATUE IS EXHIBITED/ BY WATES LIMITED/ MAY 1981. | — | |
Homage to Leonardo: the Vitruvian Man | Sculpture | Belgrave Square | 1982 | Enzo Plazzotta and Mark Holloway | < — |
Based on Leonardo’s drawing of the Vitruvian Man. Completed by Holloway, Plazzotta’s studio assistant, after the elder sculptor’s death in 1981. Funded by the American construction magnate John M. Harbert.[26] | — | |
Christopher Columbus | Statue | Belgrave Square |
1992 | Tomás Bañuelos | — |
Given by the people of Spain in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of Columbus's voyage. His birth date is mistakenly given as 1446 on the pedestal.[27] | — | |
José de San Martín | Statue | Belgrave Square | 1994 | Juan Carlos Ferraro | — |
A gift of the Anglo-Argentine community in Argentina, unveiled by the Duke of Edinburgh.[28] | — | |
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Statue | Orange Square, corner of Ebury Street and Pimlico Road | 1994 | Philip Jackson | — |
The composer is depicted aged 8, when he stayed in a house on Ebury Street for the summer and autumn of 1764; he wrote his first two symphonies there. The statue was proposed to mark the bicentenary of Mozart's death in 1991.[29] | — | |
Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster | Statue | Wilton Crescent | 1998 | Jonathan Wylder | — |
The developer of Belgravia is shown studying plans of the area, his foot resting on a milestone inscribed CHESTER/ 197/ MILES, indicating the distance to his estate at Eaton Hall. On either side sit two talbots, the supporters from his coat of arms.[30] | — | |
Armillary sphere | Armillary sphere | Belgrave Square | 2000 | — |
— |
A gift from the Duke of Westminster to mark the beginning of the third millennium. The inscription on the rim is taken from William Blake’s "Auguries of Innocence" (1803): To see a world in a grain of sand and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand and eternity in an hour.[31] | — | |
Prince Henry the Navigator | Statue | Belgrave Square | 2002 (erected) | after José Simões de Almeida (the younger) | — |
Unveiled 12 February 2002 by Jorge Sampaio, the President of Portugal.[32] A cast of a statue in Vila Franca do Campo on São Miguel Island, erected in 1932 to commemorate the quincentenary of the arrival of the Portuguese to the Azores.[33] The Portuguese Embassy is at 11 Belgrave Square.[34] | — | |
George Basevi | Bust | Belgrave Square | — |
Jonathan Wylder | — |
— |
Charing Cross / Trafalgar Square
Charing Cross, at the junction of Strand and Whitehall, was the site of the first public monument in what is now the City of Westminster,[1] the Eleanor cross (q.v.) commissioned by Edward I late in the 13th century in memory of his queen, Eleanor of Castile. Destroyed by order of the Long Parliament in 1647,[35] the cross was replaced after the Restoration by the equestrian statue of Charles I by Hubert Le Sueur, the oldest public sculpture now standing in the borough. In 1865 a fanciful replica of the cross was erected in the forecourt of Charing Cross railway station, some distance away from the site of the original. Charing Cross was declared the official centre of London in 1831[36] and a plaque marking this status was installed near Le Sueur’s statue in 1955.[37]
Immediately to the north of Charing Cross lies Trafalgar Square, one of London’s most famous public spaces. Conceived in 1812 as part of John Nash’s urban improvements, the square was initially developed from the 1820s onwards.[38] Its centrepiece, Nelson's Column, was constructed in 1839–42. Charles Barry’s 1840 redesign of the square provided plinths for equestrian monuments to George IV and William IV, but sufficient funds were never raised for the latter statue.[39] Most of the memorials since added have had a military or naval flavour, an exception being the statue of the physician Edward Jenner (q.v.), erected in 1858 but moved to Kensington Gardens only four years later. Another work which originally stood on the square is Hamo Thornycroft’s statue of General Gordon (q.v.); this was removed during World War II and reinstalled on the Victoria Embankment in 1953. Since 1999 the formerly empty fourth plinth has become London’s most prominent showcase for temporary new sculpture.[40]
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist / Designer | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles I | Equestrian statue | Charing Cross |
1633 | Hubert Le Sueur | Sir Christopher Wren | The earliest Renaissance-style equestrian statue in England. Originally commissioned in 1630 by Charles I’s Lord High Treasurer, Lord Richard Weston, for his estate in Roehampton (then in Surrey). Erected on the site of the Charing Cross in 1674–5, when it was set on its current pedestal.[41] The reliefs were carved by Joshua Marshall, Master Mason to Charles II.[42] | Grade I | |
James II | Statue | Lawn in front of the National Gallery, Trafalgar Square |
1686 | Grinling Gibbons with Pierre van Dievoet, Laurence Vandermeulen and Thomas Benniere | — |
Commissioned by the royal servant Tobias Rustat for a site outside the Palace of Whitehall. One of three statues of Stuart monarchs commissioned by him, the others being those of Charles II at the Chelsea Royal Hospital and Windsor Castle. Erected on present site in 1946.[43] | Grade I | |
George IV | Equestrian statue | North-eastern plinth, Trafalgar Square |
1830 | Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey | Sir Charles Barry | Originally intended to be the crowning feature of Marble Arch, the decorative scheme of which was cut back after George IV’s death. It still had no home after Chantrey’s death in 1843 and in December of that year it was erected in the newly laid-out Trafalgar Square.[44] | Grade II | |
Nelson's Column Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson |
Statue on column | Centre of Trafalgar Square | 1839–42 | Edward Hodges Baily | William Railton | Nelson is portrayed without an eyepatch, but is unidealised by the standards of the time. The figure is given stability by the coil of rope behind. Portland stone was chosen over bronze as the statue then "would not be resorted to as plunder in revolutions".[45] | Grade I | |
The Battle of Trafalgar or The Death of Nelson | Bas-relief | South face of pedestal of Nelson's Column | 1846–9 | John Edward Carew | — |
Nelson is depicted immediately after receiving his mortal wound; Captain Hardy turns back towards him whilst sailors to the left take aim at the marksman who dealt the blow. Inscribed at the bottom ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY.[46] | Grade I | |
The Battle of the Nile | Bas-relief | North face of pedestal of Nelson's Column | 1846–50 | William F. Woodington | — |
Nelson has been taken below deck after being wounded in the head during the attack on the French fleet in Abu Qir Bay. Captain Edward Berry stands by his side.[47] | Grade I | |
The Bombardment of Copenhagen | Bas-relief | East face of pedestal of Nelson's Column | 1846–54 | John Ternouth | — |
Nelson, on board his flagship HMS Elephant, applies his seal to an ultimatum directed at the Crown Prince of Denmark. The city of Copenhagen is visible in the background.[48] | Grade I | |
The Battle of Cape St. Vincent | Bas-relief | West face of pedestal of Nelson's Column | 1846–54 | Musgrave Watson and William F. Woodington | — |
Nelson is on board a Spanish ship, the San Nicolas. A Spanish officer kneels in front of Nelson, surrendering the swords of his fellow officers. Watson died in 1847 before he could complete the work.[49] | Grade I | |
General Charles James Napier | Statue | South-western plinth, Trafalgar Square |
1855 | George Gammon Adams | — |
Unveiled 26 November 1856. Napier holds a scroll out in his right hand, a gesture which symbolises the giving of government to Sindh. The statue was much criticised, The Art Journal calling it "perhaps the worst piece of sculpture in England".[50] | Grade II | |
Major-General Sir Henry Havelock | Statue | South-eastern plinth, Trafalgar Square |
1861 | William Behnes | — |
Unveiled 10 April 1861. The pedestal inscribed at the front with a quotation from one of Havelock’s pre-battle speeches, and to the rear with a list of British and Indian regiments commanded by him during the Indian Mutiny. This was the first statue ever to be modelled from a photograph.[51] | Grade II | |
Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross Eleanor of Castile |
Memorial with sculpture | Forecourt of Charing Cross railway station |
1865 | Thomas Earp | Edward Middleton Barry | A replica (with some artistic license) of the original Eleanor cross at Charing, with some details inspired by the Oxford Martyrs’ Memorial. It stands some distance away from the original location of the Charing Cross.[52] | Grade II* | |
Four Lions | Statues | At the foot of Nelson's Column | 1867 | Sir Edwin Landseer | — |
Unveiled 31 January 1867. Landseer, an animal painter with no previous experience in sculpture, was assisted by Carlo Marochetti.[53] | Grade I | |
John Law Baker Memorial Drinking Fountain | Drinking fountain with sculpture | Churchyard of St Martin-in-the-Fields | 1886 | — |
— |
A truncated fluted column with lion’s-head fountains on two sides, their basins now filled in. Inscribed IN MEMORY OF JOHN LAW BAKER/ FORMERLY OF THE MADRAS ARMY/ BORN 1789 – DIED 1886.[54] | Grade II | |
William Gilson Humphry Memorial Drinking Fountain | Drinking fountain | Adelaide Street, adjacent to corner with Duncannon Street | 1886 | — |
— |
A basic granite drinking fountain set into the churchyard wall of St Martin’s, where Humphry was vicar from 1815 until his death in 1886. Restored with a replica bronze lion mash spout in about 1989, but this is no longer visible on the memorial.[55] | No listing, but wall and railings listed Grade I | |
Memorial to Edith Cavell | Pylon with sculpture | St Martin’s Place |
1920 | Sir George Frampton | — |
Unveiled 17 March 1920 by Queen Alexandra. The earliest World War I memorial project in England; plans for it began soon after Cavell’s death in 1915. The inscription FOR KING AND COUNTRY was felt to be a travesty of Cavell’s beliefs; in 1924 another was added with her words, PATRIOTISM IS NOT ENOUGH/ I MUST HAVE NO HATRED OR/ BITTERNESS FOR ANYONE.[56] | Grade II | |
George Washington | Statue | Lawn in front of the National Gallery, Trafalgar Square |
1921 | after Jean-Antoine Houdon | — |
Unveiled 30 June 1921. A bronze cast of Houdon's 1796 marble statue for the Virginia State Capitol. The state of Virginia offered the cast to London in 1914 to mark the centenary of the Treaty of Ghent, and thus of Anglo-American peace.[57] | Grade II | |
|
Memorial to Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe | Bust, and fountain with two sculptural groups | Western fountain and balustrade of Trafalgar Square | 1948 | Sir Charles Wheeler | Sir Edwin Lutyens | The Jellicoe and Beatty memorials were unveiled on 21 October 1948 (Trafalgar Day) by the Duke of Gloucester. They were adapted from the fountains designed by Sir Charles Barry and installed in 1845; Lutyens retained Barry’s cusped quatrefoil-shaped basins and added the vase-shaped central fountains. Each memorial consists of a fountain with a bronze sculptural group and a bust of the admiral in question. During the 2003 refurbishment of the square the busts were moved to the eastern side of the new steps; they previously faced their associated fountains.[58] | Grade II* |
|
Memorial to Admiral of the Fleet David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty | Bust, and fountain with two sculptural groups | Eastern fountain and balustrade of Trafalgar Square | 1948 | William McMillan | Sir Edwin Lutyens | (See above) | Grade II* |
Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope | Bust | Balustrade of Trafalgar Square | 1967 | Franta Belsky | — |
Unveiled 2 April 1967 by the Duke of Edinburgh. The bust contains a half-pint bottle of Guinness and a note written by the sculptor.[59] | — | |
Platform murals | Murals | Charing Cross tube station | 1979 | David Gentleman | — |
The murals on the Northern Line platforms depict the construction of the medieval Charing Cross; they are reproduced from woodcuts by Gentleman at twenty times their original size.[60] The murals for the Jubilee and Bakerloo lines feature photographs of Nelson’s Column and paintings in the National Gallery.[61] | — | |
A Conversation with Oscar Wilde | Memorial with sculpture | Adelaide Street, near St Martin-in-the-Fields | 1998 | Maggi Hambling | — |
Unveiled 30 November 1998. A bronze sculpture of Wilde's head and hand (complete with cigarette) emerges from a granite, coffin-shaped plinth. Inscribed with a quotation from Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), We are all/ in the gutter/ but some of us/ are looking at/ the stars.[62] | — | |
In the Beginning | Sculpture | Portico of St Martin-in-the-Fields |
1999 | Michael Chapman | — |
A relief of a newborn baby with the umbilical cord still uncut, seemingly emerging from the block of Portland stone. The inscription running around the sides reads IN THE BEGINNING/ WAS THE WORD – AND THE/ WORD BECAME FLESH/ AND LIVED AMONG US/ St John 1:1,14.[63] | — | |
Light well Natalie Skilbeck |
Inscription around balustrade | North of St Martin-in-the-Fields | 2008 | Tom Perkins (lettering) | Eric Parry | Inscribed with a poem by Andrew Motion in stainless steel letters, individually cast.[64][65] Natalie Skilbeck was a traveller on her gap year killed in a road accident in Mauritius in 2004.[66] | — |
Covent Garden
- Part of Covent Garden lies outside the City of Westminster; for works not listed here, see the List of public art in Camden.
Covent Garden, noted for its former fruit and vegetable market which is now a shopping and entertainment area,[67] is a district on the eastern edge of the West End, between St Martin’s Lane and Drury Lane.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Sculptor | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young Dancer | Statue | Broad Court, off Bow Street | 1988 | Enzo Plazzotta | — |
Unveiled 16 May 1988. A gift to Westminster Council by the sculptor’s estate.[68] | — | |
Neptune Fountain | Fountain with sculpture | Churchyard of St Paul's, Covent Garden | 1995 | Philip Thomason | Donald Insall | Part of the southern gate of the church, reconstructed to Inigo Jones’s design after it had been removed in 1877. The material used is a very close match to Coade stone,[69] the recipe for which has been lost. | — | |
Memorial to Agatha Christie | Memorial with sculpture | Corner of Great Newport Street and Cranbourn Street | 2012 | Ben Twiston-Davies | — |
Unveiled 18 November 2012. Marks the 60th year of the run of Christie’s play The Mousetrap, the longest in theatrical history, which is staged nearby at St Martin's Theatre. The memorial takes the form of a book as Christie is also the world’s best-selling novelist.[70] Miss Marple, Hercule Poirot, the Orient Express and a country house are depicted in relief on the book’s cover.[71] | — |
Green Park
Green Park is one of London's royal parks, between Hyde Park and St James’s Park.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diana | Drinking fountain with sculpture | Near the entrance of Green Park tube station | 1951 | Estcourt James (Jim) Clack | |
Unveiled 30 June 1954 on the site of an earlier fountain by Sydney Smirke. The new work was a gift of the Constance Fund, a trust fund set up in accordance with the wishes of the artist Sigismund Goetze to commission sculpture for London’s parks.[72] The fountain was moved to its current, more prominent position in 2011, when some gilding was added.[73] | | |
Tile motif | Tile motif | Green Park tube station, Victoria Line platforms | 1969 | Hans Unger | — |
One of a series of platform tile motifs commissioned for the stations of the new Victoria Line, Unger’s abstract design represents a bird’s-eye view of trees in Green Park.[74] | — | |
Leaves | Tile motif | Green Park tube station Jubilee Line platforms | 1979 | Jane Fraser | — |
— | ||
Canada Memorial | Memorial | Green Park |
1994 | Pierre Granche | Ove Arup and Partners | Unveiled 3 June 1994 by Queen Elizabeth II.[75] A pyramid of Canadian granite bisected by a passageway, forming the shape of an arrow pointing from Halifax, Nova Scotia, whence Canadian soldiers sailed for London in order to fight in both world wars. Inscribed bilingually in English and French.[76] | | |
Memorial Gates | Four stone pillars supporting lamps and, nearby, a chhatri | Constitution Hill |
2002 | |
Liam O'Connor | Unveiled 6 November 2002 by Queen Elizabeth II. Inscribed IN MEMORY OF/ THE FIVE MILLION/ VOLUNTEERS FROM/ THE INDIAN/ SUB-CONTINENT/ AFRICA AND/ THE CARIBBEAN/ WHO FOUGHT WITH/ BRITAIN IN THE TWO/ WORLD WARS.[77] | | |
Watering Holes | Sculptural Drinking Fountain | Green Park |
2012 | Robin Monotti and Mark Titman | Unveiled May 2012. One of two winners of a Tiffany & Co Foundation sponsored Royal Parks Foundation international competition to design "a new, top-quality, low-cost, model drinking fountain", the other being the Trumpet fountain installed in Kensington Gardens.[78] | | ||
RAF Bomber Command Memorial | Sculptural group inside pavilion | Green Park |
2012 | Philip Jackson | Liam O'Connor | Unveiled 28 June 2012 by Queen Elizabeth II. The memorial is classical in style, but its roof is lined with aluminium from a Halifax bomber, behind a stainless steel lattice inspired by the geodesic fuselage construction of Wellington bombers.[79] | |
Hyde Park
Hyde Park, a Royal Park since 1536, covers an area of over 350 acres.[80] Its present landscaping dates largely to the 18th century, when Queen Caroline introduced the Serpentine among other features, and to the 1820s, when Decimus Burton made improvements including the park’s triumphal entrance at Wellington Arch.[81] This was originally crowned with a colossal equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, removed later in the 19th century (q.v.). In the immediate vicinity of the arch, at Hyde Park Corner, there is a high concentration of memorials to the two World Wars.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer / Landscape architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wellington Monument | Statue | Off Park Lane |
1822 | Sir Richard Westmacott | |
Unveiled 18 June 1822. Wellington is represented symbolically by the hero Achilles, although the head is said to be modelled on the Duke’s.[82] The statue, partly inspired by the classical sculptures of the Dioscuri on the Quirinal Hill in Rome, was cast from captured French cannon.[83] The first public nude statue in London since antiquity.[82] | Grade II | |
Drinking fountain | Drinking fountain | Outside The Lanesborough, Hyde Park Corner | 1860 | |
|
One of the earliest gifts of the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain Association; the hotel building behind was originally St George’s Hospital, which was felt to be a particularly appropriate location for a drinking fountain.[84] | Grade II* (with old hospital building) | |
Boy and Dolphin | Fountain with sculpture | Rose Garden, South Carriage Drive |
1863 | Alexander Munro | |
Moved in 1962 from Hyde Park to the Broad Walk, Regent’s Park. Returned to Hyde Park in 1994, in a different location from its original setting.[85] | Grade II | |
Conduit House Memorial | Urn on pedestal | Serpentine Road |
1871 | |
|
Marks the site of a conduit house which supplied the precinct of Westminster with water until the spring was cut off by drainage works in 1861. The building was demolished in 1868.[86] | Grade II | |
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron | Statue | Achilles Way traffic island, Park Lane |
1880 | Richard Claude Belt | |
Unveiled 24 May 1880. Inspired by a line from Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–18): "To sit on rocks and muse o’er flood and fell". Byron is depicted with his Newfoundland dog, Bo’sun. The marble pedestal, supplied by the Greek government, was added in 1882.[87] | Grade II | |
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | Equestrian statue | Hyde Park Corner |
1888 | Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm | Howard Ince | Unveiled 21 December 1888. The pedestal is flanked by four soldiers representing the four nations of the United Kingdom. Alfred Gilbert, an assistant in Boehm’s studio, claimed to have modelled the horse.[88] | Grade II | |
Artemis or Diana | Fountain with sculpture | Rose Garden, South Carriage Drive |
1899 | Lady Feodora Gleichen | |
Made for the garden of Sir Walter Palmer’s house Frognal, in Ascot, Berkshire; presented to Hyde Park by Lady Jean Palmer in 1906.[89] | | |
Peace | Quadriga | Wellington Arch, Hyde Park Corner |
1908–12 | Adrian Jones | Decimus Burton | Unveiled 2 April 1912.[90] Burton originally intended for a quadriga to surmount his arch, but in 1845 an equestrian statue of Wellington was installed in its place (q.v.). This was removed to Aldershot when the arch’s orientation was changed in 1883. Edward VII commissioned the present group, but did not live to see its completion.[91] | Grade I (with arch) | |
Memorial to the Cavalry of the Empire | Equestrian sculpture with stone screen | Serpentine Road |
1924 | Adrian Jones | Sir John James Burnet | Unveiled 21 May 1924[92] at Stanhope Gate; moved in 1961 for the widening of Park Lane.[82] The armour was based on that of the fifteenth-century effigy of the Earl of Warwick at St Mary’s, Warwick, the horse’s furniture on that found in Dürer’s engraving of Saint George.[92] | Grade II | |
Machine Gun Corps Memorial (David) | Memorial with sculpture | Hyde Park Corner |
1925 | Francis Derwent Wood | |
Unveiled 10 May 1925 by the Duke of Connaught. Re-erected on current location in 1962. The second bronze model for the figure stood in Chelsea Embankment Gardens from 1963 until it was stolen in the 1970s; it has been replaced by a replica.[93] | Grade II | |
Memorial to William Henry Hudson | Stone screen with relief sculpture | West Carriage Drive |
1925 | Jacob Epstein | Eric Gill (lettering) | Unveiled 19 May 1925 by Stanley Baldwin.[94] Located near the Bird Sanctuary erected in Hudson’s memory, the memorial depicts the bird-spirit Rima, a character from his novel Green Mansions (1904). A controversial early work by Epstein which was dubbed "the Hyde Park Atrocity" by its detractors.[95] | Grade II | |
Royal Artillery Memorial | Memorial with sculpture | Hyde Park Corner |
1925 | Charles Sargeant Jagger | Lionel Pearson | Unveiled 18 October 1925 by the Duke of Connaught. The regiment demanded a "realistic" memorial and got one, crowned with a howitzer rendered in stone. The figure of a dead soldier shrouded in a greatcoat was still, however, found to be unsettling.[96] | Grade II* | |
Four Winds Fountain | Fountain with sculptural group | Hyde Park, near Park Lane |
1963 | Thomas Bayliss Huxley-Jones | |
Unveiled 25 June 1963; the site was formerly occupied by Munro’s Boy and Dolphin (see above). Originally titled Joy of Life, this was the last commission of the Constance Fund. The fountain basins were redesigned and the work’s name changed in 2000–1.[97] | | |
Norwegian War Memorial | Commemorative stone mounted on three smaller stones | Hyde Park, west of Ranger’s Lodge |
1978 | |
|
Inscribed THIS STONE WAS ERECTED BY THE ROYAL NORWEGIAN NAVY/ AND THE NORWEGIAN MERCHANT FLEET IN THE YEAR 1978/ WE THANK THE BRITISH PEOPLE FOR FRIENDSHIP/ AND HOSPITALITY DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR/ YOU GAVE US A SAFE HAVEN IN OUR COMMON STRUGGLE/ FOR FREEDOM AND PEACE.[98] | | |
Household Cavalry Memorial | Raised slate floor plaque in hedge enclosure | Hyde Park | 1982 or later | |
|
Commemorates the IRA bombing of 20 July 1982 near this spot, which killed four soldiers of the Blues and Royals regiment. | | |
Holocaust Memorial The Holocaust | Commemorative stones | Hyde Park, east of the Dell | 1983 | Mark Badger | Richard Seifert; Derek Lovejoy and Partners | Unveiled 28 June 1983; the first public memorial in Britain to victims of the Holocaust.[99] The largest boulder bears an inscription from Lamentations (3:48) in Hebrew and English: FOR THESE I WEEP/ STREAMS OF TEARS FLOW/ FROM MY EYES/ BECAUSE OF THE DESTRUCTION/ OF MY PEOPLE. | | |
Memorial to Queen Caroline of Ansbach | Urn on pedestal | Hyde Park, west of the Dell, overlooking the Serpentine | 1990 | — |
— |
Inscribed To the memory of/ QUEEN CAROLINE/ wife of George II/ for whom/ the Long Water/ and Serpentine/ were created/ between/ 1727–1731 | — | |
Queen Elizabeth Gate |
Gates | Hyde Park | 1993 | David Wynne | Giuseppe Lund | Unveiled 6 July 1993 by Queen Elizabeth II.[100] | — | |
Reformers’ Tree The Reform League |
Mosaic | Hyde Park | 2001 | Harry Gray | Roz Flint | Depicts a tree near this site which burnt down during the Reform League Riots in 1866, the stump of which became a notice board for political demonstrations.[82] | — | |
Australian War Memorial | Stone screen | Hyde Park Corner |
2003 | Janet Laurence | Tonkin Zulaikha Greer Architects | A curving granite wall inscribed with the names of 24,000 Australian towns and villages and of battles in both World Wars. Water runs down parts of the wall and slabs up against it bear the country’s coat of arms and military badges.[101] | — | |
Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain | Fountain | Hyde Park, near West Carriage Drive and Rotten Row |
2004 | — |
Kathryn Gustafson | Unveiled 6 July 2004 by Queen Elizabeth II.[102] A low, granite oval, 210 metres in circumference, with water coursing along it.[82] The fountain was plagued by blockages and injuries and had to be closed off twice for repairs in its first two years.[102] | — | |
Animals in War Memorial | Stone screens with sculptures | Park Lane |
2004 | David Backhouse | — |
Unveiled 24 November 2004 by Princess Anne. Two heavily laden mules are shown trudging towards an opening between two swelling Portland stone screens; beyond lies a grass mound with a cavorting horse and dog.[103] | — | |
New Zealand War Memorial | Stelae | Hyde Park Corner |
2006 | Paul Dibble | John Hardwick-Smith | Unveiled 11 November 2006 by Queen Elizabeth II. Consists of 16 bronze X beams (or "standards"), six of which are arranged in the shape of the Southern Cross constellation.[104] | — | |
Memorial to victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings | Stelae | Hyde Park, near Park Lane | 2009 | — |
Carmody Groarke Architects et al. | Unveiled 7 July 2009 by the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall, on the fourth anniversary of the bombings. The 52 victims are commemorated by stainless steel stelae.[105] | — | |
Isis | Sculpture | Hyde Park, near West Carriage Drive, overlooking the Serpentine | 2009 | Simon Gudgeon | — |
Unveiled 7 September 2009. 1,000 plaques around the base were sold to donors for personalised inscriptions at £1,000 each,[106] as a way of funding the park’s Isis Education Centre for introducing young people to the study of nature. Donated to the park by the Halcyon Gallery.[107] | — | |
Freeman Family Drinking Fountain | Drinking fountain | North Carriage Drive, near Marble Arch | 2009 | David Harber | — |
Unveiled 23 September 2009.[108] A stainless steel sphere decorated with petals of oxidised bronze.[109] Donated to the park by Michael Freeman, a property developer and trustee of the Royal Parks Foundation, and his wife.[110] | — | |
Still Water | Sculpture | Marble Arch | 2010 | Nic Fiddian-Green | — |
Unveiled 14 September 2010. The largest freestanding bronze sculpture in London at 33ft high. Replaces a previous version temporarily installed on this site; commissioned by Sir Anthony Bamford and his wife, it is now on their estate in Daylesford, Gloucestershire.[111] | — |
Kensington
Kensington is an area of west and central London; only some parts of Kensington Gardens and South Kensington fall within the boundary of Westminster. When the contemporary sculptor Anish Kapoor held an exhibition of his work in Kensington Gardens in 2010 he remarked that the gardens are "the best site in London for a piece of art, probably in the world".[112] For other works in Kensington see the list of public art in Kensington and Chelsea.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coalbrookdale Gates | Gates, cast iron | South Carriage Drive |
1851 | John Bell | Charles Crookes | Made in Coalbrookdale for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Installed at the entrance to Lancaster Walk in 1852 and moved to their present location in 1871, during construction of the Albert Memorial.[113] | Grade II | |
Edward Jenner | Statue | Italian Gardens, Kensington Gardens |
1858 | William Calder Marshall | Sir James Pennethorne | Unveiled by Prince Albert in Trafalgar Square in 1858. After pressure from anti-vaccinationists the statue was moved in 1862 to the Italian Gardens at Kensington,[114] which were conceived by Albert and laid out by Pennethorne. The rest of the sculpture in the ensemble is by John Thomas.[115] | Grade II | |
Memorial to the Great Exhibition | Statue with other sculpture | Kensington Gore |
1863 | Joseph Durham | Sydney Smirke | Erected in June 1863 in the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society in South Kensington. Moved to its present site in the early 1890s.[116] Another cast of the statue of Prince Albert is in Saint Peter Port, Guernsey.[117] | Grade II | |
Speke’s Monument John Hanning Speke |
Obelisk | Junction of Lancaster Walk and Budges Walk, Kensington Gardens |
1864 | |
Philip Hardwick | A red granite obelisk, an appropriate form of commemoration for an explorer so associated with the River Nile. The pedestal inscribed IN MEMORY OF/ SPEKE/ VICTORIA[,] NYANZA/ AND THE NILE/ 1864. The phrasing avoids crediting Speke with the discovery of the Nile’s source, as this was a contentious point.[118] | Grade II | |
Frieze of Parnassus | Relief sculpture | Podium of the Albert Memorial | 1864–72 | H. H. Armstead and J. B. Philip | Sir George Gilbert Scott | Depicts 169 individual architects, composers, painters, poets, and sculptors from history.[119] | Grade I | |
Asia | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | John Henry Foley | Sir George Gilbert Scott | A personification of the continent, seated on an Indian elephant, removes a veil to reveal herself. Flanking her are an Indian soldier, a Persian poet, a Chinese potter and a Turkish merchant.[120] | Grade I | |
Africa | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | William Theed | Sir George Gilbert Scott | A figure in Egyptian costume, representing the continent, rests on a camel. Beside her are an Arabian merchant, a figure sometimes identified as a Nubian, a female European and a tribesman.[121] | Grade I | |
America | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | John Bell | Sir George Gilbert Scott | The personification of America rides a bison charging forward, guided by the sceptre of the United States, identified by her starry sash. The other figures represent Canada, Mexico and South America.[122] | Grade I | |
Europe | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | Patrick MacDowell | Sir George Gilbert Scott | Europa, seated on a bull, carries an orb and sceptre signifying her continent's imperial dominance in the nineteenth century. Around her sit Britannia with a trident, France with a sword and laurel wreath, Germany with an open book and Italy with a lyre and palette.[123] | Grade I | |
Agriculture | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | William Calder Marshall | Sir George Gilbert Scott | A husbandman, flanked on either side by figures representing livestock farming (a shepherd boy with a lamb and an ewe) and cereal production, looks up to a female personification of Agriculture.[124] | Grade I | |
Commerce | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | Thomas Thornycroft | Sir George Gilbert Scott | The group consists of Commerce, bearing a cornucopia, a young merchant in "Anglo-Saxon" dress (said to be modelled on the sculptor′s son Hamo), an Eastern merchant and a rustic with a sack of corn.[125] | Grade I | |
Engineering | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | John Lawlor | Sir George Gilbert Scott | The presiding genius of engineering directs three workers: an engineer with plan in hand, a mechanical engineer with a cogwheel, and a navvy. The two bridges over the Menai Strait are represented at the back of the group.[126] | Grade I | |
Manufactures | Sculptural group | Albert Memorial | 1865–71 | Henry Weekes | Sir George Gilbert Scott | A female personification of manufactures, accompanied by a blacksmith, looks down on two child labourers, one a factory girl and the other a young potter, representing art manufactures.[127] | Grade I | |
Mosaics | Mosaics | Tympana, spandrels and vault of the canopy, Albert Memorial | 1866–8 | John Richard Clayton with Salviati and Co. | Sir George Gilbert Scott | The enthroned female figures in the tympana are identified by their inscriptions as Pictura, Poesis, Sculptura and Architectura; the last displays the design of the Albert Memorial itself.[128] | Grade I | |
Virtues | Statues | Flèche of the Albert Memorial | 1867–70 | James Redfern | Sir George Gilbert Scott | Personifications of the seven virtues along with an eighth, Humanity. Redfern's plaster models were electroformed in copper by Francis Skidmore’s ironworking firm in Coventry. The resulting figures were gilded after being mounted on the memorial.[129][130] | Grade I | |
Sciences | Statues | Corners of the Albert Memorial | 1868 | c.H. H. Armstead and J. B. Philip | Sir George Gilbert Scott | In niches on a level with the spandrels are Armstead’s Rhetoric and Medicine and Philip’s Philosophy and Physiology. Below them, standing on column shafts, are Philip’s Geometry and Geology and Armstead’s Astronomy and Chemistry.[131] | Grade I | |
Albert, Prince Consort | Statue | Albert Memorial | 1871–76 | John Henry Foley and Sir Thomas Brock | Sir George Gilbert Scott | Foley was given the commission in 1868 after the death of Carlo Marochetti. Working in the open on the model gave Foley the sickness which ultimately killed him in 1874, and the work was completed by his pupil Brock.[119] | Grade I | |
Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala | Equestrian statue | Queen's Gate |
1891 | Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm | |
Originally stood in Waterloo Place; moved to its current site in 1921. A replica of the statue to Napier in Kolkata. The boundary line with Kensington and Chelsea bisects the length of this statue.[132] In 2004 the artist Eleonora Aguiari wrapped the statue in bright red tape as a comment on Britain’s imperialist past.[133] | Grade II | |
Physical Energy | Equestrian statue | Junction of Lancaster Walk and several other walkways, Kensington Gardens |
1907 (installed) | George Frederic Watts | |
Installed 24 September 1907. Developed by Watts from his equestrian bronze Hugh Lupus (1870–84) for the Duke of Westminster. Gifted to the nation on Watts’s death in 1904, though the cast had not yet been made from the gesso model (now in the Watts Gallery). An earlier bronze cast was incorporated into the Rhodes Memorial (1906–12) in Cape Town, South Africa.[134] | Grade II | |
Peter Pan | Statue | West of the Long Water, Kensington Gardens |
1912 | Sir George Frampton | |
Unveiled in secret on May Day 1912. The character’s creator, J. M. Barrie, commissioned the sculpture and chose the site, which is Peter’s landing point in the book Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens. Questions were raised in Parliament about the propriety of an author promoting his work in this way.[113][135] | Grade II* | |
Memorial to Esme Percy | Drinking fountain with sculpture | Palace Gate | 1961 | Silvia Gilley | |
A small bronze figure of a dog on a platform rising from the centre of a shallow circular pool. | | |
Two Bears | Drinking fountain with sculpture | Junction of North Flower Walk and Budges Walk, near the Italian Gardens, Kensington Gardens |
1970 | |
|
Statue of two embracing bears originally placed in 1939 to commemorate 80 years of the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association. The original was stolen but was replaced with copy in 1970.[136] | | |
St Govor’s Well | Drinking fountain | Off the Broad Walk, Kensington Gardens | 1976 | — |
— |
Inscribed: This drinking fountain marks the site of an ancient spring, which in 1856 was named St Govor’s Well by the First Commissioner of Works, later to become Lord Llanover. Saint Govor, a sixth century hermit, was the patron saint of a church in Llanover which had eight wells in its churchyard.[137] | | |
The Arch | Sculpture | North bank of the Long Water, Kensington Gardens | 1979–80 | Henry Moore | |
Presented by Moore to the nation for installation in Kensington Gardens in 1980, two years after his eightieth birthday exhibition in the nearby Serpentine Gallery. Dismantled in 1996 due to structural instability and re-erected in 2012.[138] | | |
Memorial to Diana, Princess of Wales | Floor plaque, tree plaque and eight stone benches | Forecourt of the Serpentine Gallery, Kensington Gardens |
1997 | Ian Hamilton Finlay | Peter Coates and Andrew Whittle (lettering) | Pastoral poetry is inscribed on each element of the work. The plaque at the entrance of the gallery is inscribed with the names of trees found at Kensington Gardens a quotation from the eighteenth-century philosopher Francis Hutcheson.[139] Diana was a patron of the Serpentine Gallery.[140] | | |
Trumpet (or the Tiffany Drinking Fountain) | Drinking fountain | Junction of the Broad Walk and Mount Walk, Kensington Gardens | 2012 | — |
Ben Addy (of Moxon Architects) | The winner, alongside Watering Holes in Green Park, of a RIBA-judged design competition; it was commended for its "formal clarity and elegance". [141] Of the two designs this was thought to be the more "design-led" and Watering Holes the more "art-led".[142] | |
Knightsbridge
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stags | Statues on gateposts | Albert Gate |
before 1839 | Peter Turnerelli after Francesco Bartolozzi | Thomas Cubitt | Formerly stood at the Piccadilly entrance to the Deputy Ranger’s Lodge in Green Park; Cubitt acquired the stags prior to the building’s demolition. The gates and stone piers are twentieth-century replacements for Cubitt’s originals of 1844–5.[143] | Grade II | |
The Rush of Green or The Bowater House Group | Sculptural group | Edinburgh Gate |
1959 | Sir Jacob Epstein | — |
Unveiled April 1961. A mother, father, child and dog, driven by the sound of Pan’s pipes, rush towards Hyde Park. Epstein was adding the finishing touches to the group on the night he died.[144] | — | |
Hyde Park Gates | Gates | Edinburgh Gate | 2010 | Wendy Ramshaw | — |
Commissioned from the artist and jeweller as part of the One Hyde Park residential development.[145] | — | |
Search for Enlightenment | Sculptures | One Hyde Park, 100 Knightsbridge | 2011 | Simon Gudgeon | — |
Unveiled 19 January 2012 to mark the first anniversary of One Hyde Park.[146] The developers, Candy & Candy, had previously installed a cast of the work at Riverside Walk Gardens in 2011 (see below). | — |
Lisson Grove
Lisson Grove is an area just to the north of the city ring road, in postal districts NW1 and NW8.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Sculptor | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Echo | Sculpture | Rossmore Road | 2004 | Charles Hadcock | — |
[147] | — |
Maida Vale
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Sculptor | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorial cross | War memorial | St Mark’s Church, Hamilton Terrace | after 1918 | — |
— |
Commemorates parishioners who died in World War I.[148] | — | |
System No. 12 | Sculpture | Maida Vale | 2006 | Julian Wild | EDCO Design[149] | A commission by the property developers Crest Nicholson.[150] | — |
Marylebone / Fitzrovia
Marylebone is an inner-city area of Westminster roughly defined as being bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Great Portland Street to the east. Part of Fitzrovia, to the east of Marylebone, falls within the Westminster boundary; for other works in Fitzrovia see the List of public art in Camden.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn | Statue | Park Crescent |
1824 | Sebastian Gahagan | |
Unveiled 21 February 1824. The Duke, in robes and the collar of the Garter, stands with his right arm rested on two books, which lie on top of a truncated column. Among the symbols which appear on the column shaft is the Masonic all-seeing eye.[151] | Grade II | |
Lord George Bentinck | Statue | Cavendish Square |
1851 | Thomas Campbell | |
Erected 4 November 1851. Bentinck is depicted standing, in a contemporary frock coat. The pedestal appears to have been changed twice since the original installation, the first having been insufficiently lofty and the second excessively so.[152] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Charles Wesley | Obelisk | Garden of Rest (St Mary-le-Bone Old Churchyard) | 1858 | |
|
Stands close to the site where Wesley was buried in 1788.[153] | | |
William Pitt Byrne Memorial Fountain | Drinking fountain | Bryanston Square |
1862 | |
Julia Clara Byrne | The fountain with plaque and urn finial stands upon a heap of differently coloured stones.[154][155] | Grade II | |
Sir James Hamilton Memorial Fountain | Drinking Fountain | Portman Square |
1878 | |
|
Donated by Hamilton′s widow through the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association.[156] | Grade II | |
Street Orderly Boy | Statue | Paddington Street Gardens |
1881 | c.Donato Barcaglia | |
Possibly the work Barcaglia exhibited in 1881 under the title Spazzacamino ("Chimney Sweep"). Donated to Marylebone council in 1943, when it was given its present title. Orderly boys were employed by the parish councils of London to clean the streets, but were probably unheard of in Italy.[157] | | |
Wallace fountain |
Drinking fountain | Forecourt of the Wallace Collection, Manchester Square |
1904 (cast of a design of 1872) | Charles-Auguste Lebourg | |
An example of the "large model" of drinking fountain donated by Wallace to the city of Paris from 1872. This cast was erected in Shoreditch in 1904, the gift of a local councillor. Re-erected on this site after restoration in 1960.[158] | Grade II* | |
Memorial to Quintin Hogg | Sculptural group | Portland Place |
1906 | Sir George Frampton | |
Unveiled 24 November 1906 on a site immediately opposite the Royal Polytechnic Institution on Regent Street; relocated in 1933.[159] It also commemorates Hogg’s wife Alice and students of the Polytechnic killed in both World Wars.[160] | Grade II | |
War memorial | Crucifix | Church of the Annunciation, Bryanston Street |
probably early 1920s | |
Sir Walter Tapper? | No documentation for this sculpture appears to have survived.[161] | | |
Field Marshal Sir George Stuart White | Equestrian statue | Portland Place |
1922 | John Tweed | |
Unveiled 19 December 1922. The statue was the focus of the Boer War Veterans Association’s annual commemoration of the Relief of Ladysmith; a wreath was laid at its foot on 28 February every year until 1970.[162] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister | Memorial with bust and other sculpture | Portland Place |
1922 | Sir Thomas Brock; completed by Frank Arnold Wright | |
Unveiled 13 March 1924. Only the colossal bust of Lister was completed by Brock, who died in 1922. The group of Humanity with a nude male youth was completed by Wright, a studio assistant.[163] | Grade II | |
John F. Kennedy | Bust | 1 Park Crescent |
1965 | Jacques Lipchitz | |
Unveiled 15 May 1965 by Robert F. Kennedy. The fruit of a fundraising campaign by the Sunday Telegraph. Lipchitz struggled with the commission as Kennedy was not alive to take sittings. Displeased with the finished work, he was absent at the unveiling.[164] | | |
Tile motif | Tile motif | Oxford Circus tube station, Victoria Line platforms | 1967–9 | c.Hans Unger | — |
The motif depicts the convergence of the Bakerloo, Central and Victoria Lines within a circle representing Oxford Circus.[74] The platform was damaged in a fire in 1984.[165] | — | |
Sherlock Holmes motifs | Tile motifs and enamel panels | Baker Street tube station platforms | 1983 | c.Michael Douglas and Pamela Moreton | — |
The scheme consists of motifs of the detective’s head in profile and murals depicting scenes from his adventures.[61] The designs were by Douglas, the over-glaze printing by Moreton.[166] | — | |
Mother and Child | Sculptural group | Outside the Portland Hospital for Women and Children, Great Portland Street | 1983 | David Norris | |
A glass surround and back-lights were added during improvements to the hospital’s forecourt in 2010.[167] | | |
Mosaics and enamel panels | Mosaics and enamel panels | Oxford Circus tube station, Central and Bakerloo line platforms | 1983; 1985 | Nicholas Munro | — |
Munro, a student at the Royal College of Art, based the designs on his (not entirely favourable) impressions of the station. The designs on the Central Line platforms refer to the game of Snakes and Ladders and those on the Bakerloo line depict commuters in a maze.[165] | — | |
Arch motifs | Enamel panels | Marble Arch tube station platforms | 1985 | Annabel Grey | — |
A series of sixteen colourful triumphal arch designs enamelled onto steel sheets. Each arch is made of nine separate steel sheets which had to be fired about ten times at an enamel sign factory in Sydenham.[168] | — | |
The Window Cleaner | Statue | Capital House, Chapel Street |
1990 | Allan Sly | |
Unveiled 30 November 1990. Sly’s brief was "for a figure expressing a wry sense of humour"; thus the window cleaner looks up at the 15 or so storeys of Capital House, for which his small ladder will be of little use.[169] | | |
Cristos | Fountain with sculpture | St Christopher’s Place | 1993 | William Pye | |
Unveiled 13 July 1993. The piece refers obliquely to the legend of Saint Christopher carrying the Christ child across a river; here the water, in the sculptor’s words, "becomes the bridge itself", coursing down the arches of an open bronze structure into four small basins at the bottom and thence into grills in the pavement.[170] | | |
Memorial to Raoul Wallenberg | Statue with screen | Great Cumberland Place |
1997 | Philip Jackson | |
Unveiled 26 February 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II. Wallenberg stands in front of a screen formed from stacked passports; his head is turned towards the Western Marble Arch Synagogue. Another cast of the memorial is in Buenos Aires.[171] | | |
Sherlock Holmes | Statue | Marylebone Road, outside Baker Street tube station | 1999 | John Doubleday | |
Unveiled 23 September 1999. No site was available on Baker Street itself, but the Abbey National building society, whose head office was on the putative site of No. 221B, agreed to fund the statue.[172] | | |
Under Circumstances | Sculpture | Outside 20 Manchester Square | 1999 | Tony Cragg | |
Part of a series of works by the sculptor called Rational Beings, created by following the contours of a drawn line with stacked circles of polysterene. Here the resulting three-dimensional shape has been carved in Belgian granite.[173] | | |
General Władysław Sikorski | Statue | Outside the Polish Embassy, Portland Place | 2000 | Faith Winter | Michael Goss | Unveiled 24 September 2003 by the Duke of Kent. Tomasz Zamoyski, a prominent Polish expatriate, first conceived the idea for the statue to complement the existing statues of Churchill, Eisenhower and de Gaulle in London. The British and Polish governments each gave £5,000 towards the cost.[174] | | |
Thames North and Thames South | Sculptures | Old Marylebone Road | 2001 | Hamish Black | |
Sculptures formed from sheets of galvanised steel stacked on top of one another.[175] | | |
Untitled | Sculptures | Forecourt of the New Cavendish Street campus of the University of Westminster | 2001–4 | Ben Joiner | Rock Townsend | Seven sculptures of varying degrees of abstraction, two of which are recognisable as flasks and one other as a funnel. They relate to the activities taking place inside the building behind, which houses the university’s department of Bio sciences.[176] | | |
Nexus | Sculpture | In front of York House, Seymour Street | 2007 | Robert Orchardson | |
Six soaring diamond-shaped forms in steel, painted black.[177] | |
Mayfair
Mayfair is the area south of Marylebone, between Hyde Park and Soho.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
William Pitt the Younger | Statue | Hanover Square |
1831 | Sir Francis Chantrey | |
Unveiled 22 August 1831; there was an attempt by reformist opponents of Pitt to pull the statue down on the morning of the unveiling. Concerns for the work’s security might have been the reason for the unusually tall plinth.[178] | Grade II | |
Fountain Nymph | Fountain with sculpture | Berkeley Square |
1867 | Alexander Munro | |
The pedestal inscribed THE GIFT/ OF/ HENRY 3RD MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. This Fountain Nymph was Munro’s second treatment of the theme after that for the memorial to Herbert Ingram in Boston, Lincolnshire (1862–3). He also produced a smaller marble version of the Berkeley Square Nymph, which was installed in a public garden in Oxford in around 1970.[179] | Grade II | |
Drinking fountain | Fountain with sculpture | Mount Street Gardens |
1892 | |
Sir Ernest George | Inscribed THIS FOUNTAIN WAS ERECTED BY HENRY LOFTS IN/ RECOGNITION OF MANY HAPPY YEARS IN MOUNT STREET/ SIR ERNEST GEORGE. RA FECIT 1892. Lofts was an estate agent, and George an architect, to the Grosvenor estate. Lofts’s office was in Mount Street, which was partly rebuilt by his firm with George as architect.[180] | Grade II | |
Sir Joshua Reynolds | Statue | Burlington House |
1931 | Alfred Drury | Sir Giles Gilbert Scott | Unveiled 12 December 1931.[181] Drury was awarded the commission in 1917, but was too preoccupied with war memorials in the following years to proceed with the work. In 1926 he had to start over with a new composition after his studio assistant failed to keep the first clay figure moist every night, which had resulted in its disintegration.[182] | Grade II | |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Statue | Grosvenor Square |
1948 | Sir William Reid Dick | B. W. L. Gallannaugh; Mary Jenks (lettering) | Unveiled 12 April 1948 by Eleanor Roosevelt. The standing pose is intended to recall one of the moments when Roosevelt took the oath of office; he usually used a wheelchair due to his paralytic illness. Winston Churchill, who first proposed the statue, had hoped for a seated depiction of the President as a pendant to the statue of Abraham Lincoln on Parliament Square.[183] | Grade II | |
Crouching Figure | Fountain with sculpture | Carlos Place | 1973 | Emilio Greco | Luca Clavarino | Unveiled 20 November 1987.[184] | | |
Horse and Rider | Sculpture | Dover Street | 1974–5 | Dame Elisabeth Frink | |
Frink's catalogue raisonné notes that these figures personify "the most desirable masculine qualities", namely "speed, resilience[,] intelligence, loyalty, affection, courage, sensitivity, beauty and free sensuality". Another cast was erected in Winchester High Street in 1983.[185] | | |
RAF Eagle Squadrons Memorial | Memorial with sculpture | Grosvenor Square | 1986 | Dame Elisabeth Frink | T. A. Kempster | Unveiled 12 May 1986.[186] | | |
Sitting Couple | Sculptural group | Berkeley Square | 1989 | Lynn Chadwick | |
| ||
Dwight David Eisenhower | Statue | Grosvenor Square |
1969 | Robert Dean | Mayell Hart and Associates | Unveiled 23 January 1989. A gift from the people of Kansas City, Missouri. Other casts of this statue are at West Point Military Academy and Eisenhower’s burial place in Abilene, Kansas.[187] | | |
Ducking Pond Row Fountain | Fountain with sculpture | Hanover Square |
1988 | Paul Cooper | |
Originally erected in Bond Street.[188] | | |
Taichi Spin Kick | Sculpture | St Andrew’s Building, 17 Old Park Lane | 1991 | Ju Ming | |
| ||
Allies Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
Sculptural group | New Bond Street | 1995 | Lawrence Holofcener | |
Unveiled 2 May 1995, shortly before the 50th anniversary of VE Day, by Princess Margaret. The sculptor’s wife gifted the group to the nation, but the Royal Fine Art Commission ruled out a location in a central London park. The Bond Street Association then expressed an interest in the work.[189] | | |
Pink Lady Hare Dancing with Big Brown Dog | Sculptural group | Berkeley Square | 2000 | Sophie Ryder | |
| ||
Salmon Leap | Sculpture | Outside 40 Berkeley Square | 2004 | Michael Cooper | |
Refers to the Tyburn which once ran nearby.[190] | | |
Granite Sculptures | Sculptures | Curzon Square | 2004 | John Aiken | Rolfe Judd | The bench-like sculptures are formed from black granite from Zimbabwe and silver-grey granite from Portugal spliced together.[191] | | |
Aspiration | Sculpture | In front of Leconfield House, Curzon Street | 2006 | John Brown | |
| ||
Silence Sir Simon Milton |
Water feature | Mount Street / Carlos Place | 2011 | |
Tadao Ando et al. | A raised granite-edged pool into which two trees are set, and which emits clouds of water vapour for fifteen seconds every fifteen minutes.[192] Jointly commissioned by the Grosvenor Estate and the Connaught Hotel; Blair Associates Architects and the Building Design Partnership were also involved the project.[193] | | |
Shop ’til You Drop | Graffiti | Barlow Lane | 2011 | Banksy | |
| ||
Ronald Reagan | Statue | Grosvenor Square | 2011 | Chas Fagan | |
Unveiled 4 July 2011. Westminster City Council's rule that a person may only be commemorated by a statue 10 years after their death was waived so that Margaret Thatcher could perform the unveiling,[194] but she proved too unwell to attend the ceremony. A fragment of the Berlin Wall is incorporated into the pedestal.[195] | |
Millbank
Millbank is a district by the River Thames, east of Pimlico. It is the location of Tate Britain (formerly the Tate Gallery).
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Rescue of Andromeda | Sculptural group | Outside Tate Britain | 1893 | Henry Charles Fehr | — |
A plaster model was exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1893 and cast in bronze, probably at the recommendation of Frederic, Lord Leighton. This was bought for the Tate the following year under the terms of the Chantrey Bequest. Initially displayed inside the gallery, it was moved to its present site in 1911, where the sculptor felt it was "swamped by heavy masonry".[196] | | |
Sir John Everett Millais | Statue | John Islip Street, rear of Tate Britain | 1904 | Sir Thomas Brock | — |
Originally stood by the entrance of the gallery. By 1961 Sir Norman Reid, the Tate’s director, considered the statue to have a "positively harmful" effect and attempted have it replaced by Rodin’s sculpture of John the Baptist. In 2000 the statue was moved to the rear of the building after ownership was transferred from English Heritage to the Tate.[197] | Grade II | |
The Death Of Dirce | Sculptural group | Outside Tate Britain | 1906 | Sir Charles Bennett Lawes-Wittewronge | — |
Based on the Farnese Bull, a classical sculpture depicting the same subject. Presented to the Tate by the sculptor’s widow in 1911. A second, larger version in marble is in the grounds of Rothamsted Manor, the sculptor’s family estate in Hertfordshire.[198] | | |
Locking Piece | Sculpture | Riverside Walk Gardens |
1963–4 | Henry Moore | — |
Unveiled 19 July 1968. Moore had never been satisfied with the setting of the piece on a multi-faceted plinth by a fountain; these features were removed and the gardens re-landscaped in 2003.[199] | Grade II | |
Jeté | Statue | Millbank, south of Tate Britain | 1975 | Enzo Plazzotta | — |
Unveiled 16 July 1985. Represents the dancer David Wall making his entrance in the ballet La Bayadère.[200] | — | |
Big 4 | Sculpture | Channel 4 headquarters, Horseferry Road | 2007 | — |
Freestate and Atelier One | Unveiled 16 October 2007, for Channel 4’s 25th anniversary. The separate elements of the sculpture when seen from the right angle form the number 4, in the manner of the channel’s idents. The bare steel structure was designed to be adapted by artists who would create their own “skins”, thus constantly renewing the work.[201] | — | |
Search for Enlightenment | Sculptures | Riverside Walk Gardens | 2011 | Simon Gudgeon | — |
Unveiled 9 October 2011.[202] Two large, bronze heads in profile, shallow and hollowed-out with their faces upturned to the sky. The sculptor wished to comment on "the narrowness of consciousness, the vastness of time and the transience of humanity".[203] (See also another casting above.) | — |
Paddington
Paddington is the area west of Marylebone, in the postal district W2. Much of the recent public art in the area is connected to the Paddington Waterside developments.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarah Siddons | Statue | Paddington Green |
1897 | Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud | — |
Unveiled 14 June 1897 by Sir Henry Irving.[204] Modelled after Sir Joshua Reynolds's portrait Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse (1783), now in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Siddons attended St Mary’s Church on the Green and is buried in the churchyard, near her statue.[205] | Grade II | |
War memorial | Crucifix | St Mary Magdalene’s Church, Rowington Close | after 1918 | — |
Martin Travers | [206] | — | |
Great Western Railway War Memorial | Stone screen with statue | Facing Platform 1, Paddington station | 1922 | Charles Sargeant Jagger | Thomas S. Tait | Unveiled 11 November 1922 (Armistice Day) by Viscount Churchill.[207] The figure of a soldier stands reading a letter from home in front of a panel of black marble, suggesting the entrance to a trench dugout.[208] | Grade I (with station) | |
World War II Memorial Gates | Wrought iron gates | Norfolk Place, between St Mary's Hospital and medical school | 1950 (unveiled) | Sir Charles Wheeler | — |
Unveiled 20 July 1950.[209] | — | |
Paddington Boy Scouts Memorial | Memorial | Paddington Recreation Ground | 1952 (unveiled) | — |
— |
Commemorates the Boy Scouts of Paddington killed in World War II. The symbol of a circle with a dot in the centre is a sign used by Scouts meaning "gone home".[210] | — | |
Isambard Kingdom Brunel | Statue | Paddington station | 1982 | John Doubleday | — |
Unveiled 26 May 1982. One of two statues of Brunel commissioned by the Bristol & West building society; its companion, a standing figure, was unveiled in Bristol the same day.[211] Originally stood on the main concourse at the entrance to the Underground; relocated in 1998.[212] | — | |
The Messenger | Statue | In front of St Mary’s Hospital, South Wharf Road | 1993 | Allan Sly | — |
— | ||
Walking Man and Standing Man | Statues | PaddingtonCentral | 1998 and 2000 | Sean Henry | — |
[213] | — | |
Paddington Bear | Statue | Paddington station | 2000 | Marcus Cornish | — |
Unveiled 24 February 2000 by Michael Bond, the character’s creator.[214] Represents his first appearance in A Bear Called Paddington (1958), sitting on a battered suitcase with a label round his neck reading "Please look after this bear. Thank you."[215] | — | |
The Family | Sculptural group | PaddingtonCentral (Sheldon Square) | 2001 | Jon Buck | — |
[213] | — | |
Untitled (Yellow) | Sculpture | PaddingtonCentral (One Kingdom Street) | 2001 | Stephen Gontarski | — |
Made of glass fibre painted bright yellow and lacquered, the sculpture is intended to invite a "corporeal reception by the public" and to "create a heart in the midst of an urban setting."[213][216] | — | |
Lock, Level, Line | Sculptures | West End Quay, Paddington Basin | 2004 | Danny Lane | — |
The work consists of four towers made from stacked corten steel and layered glass, which are intended to reflect the changing levels of water in the lock.[217] | — | |
Billy Bob & Mishke | Sculpture | PaddingtonCentral | 2008 | Gary Webb | — |
Pendant sculptures, located in water features at the extreme edge of the PaddingtonCentral development, of metal frameworks which support "blobs" of steel, painted in bright colours.[213][216] | — | |
Europea 1 and Europea 2 | Sculptures | PaddingtonCentral | 2008 | John Aiken | — |
Twin sculptures fashioned from Portuguese silver-grey granite with coloured enamel panels attached.[213][216] | — | |
Mary Seacole, Alan Turing and Michael Bond | Statues | Near St Mary’s Hospital | 2013 | — |
— |
Three two-dimensional steel statues of notable people who lived (or in Bond’s case, still live) in Paddington, as voted for by local residents. From the Portrait Bench series of similar sculptures, commissioned by the charity Sustrans to stand along new cycling routes.[218] | — |
Pimlico
Pimlico is a small area between the River Thames and Belgravia, bounded by Vauxhall Bridge Road to the east and the former Grosvenor Canal in the west.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist / Designer | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
William Huskisson | Statue | Pimlico Gardens | 1836 | John Gibson | — |
Commissioned for a site outside the Custom House in Liverpool. This was Gibson’s second version of the statue originally in Huskisson’s mausoleum in St James Cemetery, Liverpool (now in the Walker Art Gallery).[219] Moved to the Royal Exchange before coming to the present site in 1915.[220] | — | |
War memorial | Crucifix | St Saviour's church, Lupus Street | after 1918 | — |
— |
Commemorates parishioners who died in both World Wars.[221] | — | |
Spot motif | Tiled pattern | Pimlico tube station platforms | 1972 | c.Peter Sedgeley | — |
— | ||
Cooling tower panels | Sculpture | Ventilation shaft above Pimlico tube station | 1979–82 | Eduardo Paolozzi | — |
— | ||
Thomas Cubitt | Statue | Denbigh Street | 1994–5 | William Fawke | — |
The site is adjacent to that of the workshops used by Cubitt in the building of Pimlico. He is depicted with a yardstick in hand, selecting a brick to measure from underneath the tarpaulin. Another cast of the statue is in Dorking, Surrey.[222] | — | |
The Helmsman | Sculpture | Pimlico Gardens | 1996 | André Wallace | — |
Wallace is primarily interested in subjects involving journeys or transportation. This sculpture, of a figure at the helm of a boat, was the winning entry in a competition between five artists; it was felt to reflect the area’s maritime history.[223] | — | |
Roller Skater | Sculpture | Vauxhall Bridge Road | 2010 | André Wallace | — |
The artist wished to make a sculpture "that would be positive and dynamic and reflect the youth and vitality of an urban street."[224] | — |
Regent’s Park
Regent's Park is one of London’s Royal Parks, located partly in the London Borough of Camden and partly in the City of Westminster. The sculptures in Queen Mary’s Gardens (laid out in the 1930s within the Inner Circle or Regent’s Park)[225] were bequeathed by the artist Sigismund Goetze, who lived nearby at Grove House from 1907 until his death in 1939.[226] In 1944 his widow Constance Goetze established a trust fund in his memory, known as the Constance Fund, for the financing of new sculpture in London’s parks.[227]
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eagle | Statue | Queen Mary’s Gardens, near the Island Rock Garden |
early 19th century | Anonymous; thought to be Japanese | — |
Naturalistic bronze statue of an eagle, with wings outspread, landing on a rock. Presented to the Royal Parks in 1974.[228] | Grade II | |
Lion Tazza | Stone bowl supported by sculpted winged lions | Avenue Gardens |
1863 | Austin and Seeley | — |
[229] | — | |
Readymoney Drinking Fountain Sir Cowasji Jehangir Readymoney |
Drinking fountain | Broad Walk |
1869 | — |
— |
A gift from the Indian industrialist, in thanks for the protection of the Parsis under British rule. Unveiled by Princess Mary of Teck.[229] | — | |
Hylas and the Nymph | Fountain with sculptural group | St John’s Lodge garden |
1894 | Henry Alfred Pegram | — |
Originally titled The Bather. Part of the formal "Dutch" or "Old English" garden in front of St John’s Lodge. Presented to the park in 1933.[230] | Grade II | |
Negro Fighting a Lioness | Sculptural group | London Zoo | 1906 (erected) | Henri Teixeira de Mattos | — |
Plaque inscribed This statue by the/ sculptor Henri Teixeira/ de Mattos (1856–1908)/ was presented to the/ Zoological Society of/ London by J.B. Wolff/ in 1906.[231] | — | |
The Lost Bow | Sculpture | Queen Mary’s Gardens |
1913 | Albert Hodge | — |
Ornamental sculpture of a putto sitting astride a vulture, believed to have been commissioned by Sigismund Goetze for Grove House. Presented to Queen Mary’s Gardens in 1939.[232] | Grade II | |
A Mighty Hunter | Sculpture | Queen Mary’s Gardens |
1913 | Albert Hodge | — |
Bronze sculpture of a putto wrestling with a duck, a pendant to The Lost Bow.[233] (See above.) | Grade II | |
War memorial | War memorial | Outside the Butterfly House, London Zoo | 1919 | — |
John James Joass | Based on a medieval Lanterne des Morts, a memorial to the dead in La Souterraine in the Creuse Valley, France. Joass was also the co-designer, with Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, of the Zoo’s Mappin Terraces, built 1913–14.[234] | — | |
The Goatherd’s Daughter Gertrude and Harold Baillie Weaver |
Statue | St John’s Lodge garden |
1922 | Charles Leonard Hartwell | — |
The statue was first exhibited in 1929, when it won the silver medal of the Royal British Society of Sculptors. It was erected on this site in 1931 by the National Council for Animal Welfare, in honour of its founders.[235] | Grade II | |
Jubilee Gates | Gates | Queen Mary’s Gardens |
1935 | — |
— |
The gates commemorate the Silver Jubilee of George V and the official opening of Queen Mary's Gardens.[229] | Grade II | |
Boy and Frog | Fountain with sculpture | Queen Mary’s Gardens |
1936 (donated) | Sir William Reid Dick | — |
A gift of Sigismund Goetze.[229] | Grade II | |
Triton Sigismund Goetze | Fountain with sculptural group | Queen Mary’s Gardens |
1936 | William McMillan | — |
Due to the Second World War the fountain was not installed until 1950, when it was awarded a gold medal award for the best sculpture exhibited in London that year.[236] The site was formerly occupied by a large conservatory belonging to the Royal Botanic Society, demolished in 1931.[229] | Grade II | |
Bear Cub Winnipeg the Bear |
Statue | London Zoo | 1981 | Lorne McKean | — |
Unveiled by Christopher Robin Milne in September 1981, the statue commemorates Winnie-the-Pooh’s namesake, a back bear cub which lived in London Zoo from 1915 until her death in 1934.[237] | — | |
Guy the Gorilla | Statue | London Zoo |
1982 | William Timym | — |
[234] | — | |
Globe Sundial | Sundial | London Zoo | 1989 | Wendy Taylor | — |
[234] | — | |
Memorial to Anne Sharpley | Urn | St John’s Lodge garden | after 1989 | — |
— |
Plinth inscribed: In affectionate/ memory of/ ANNE SHARPLEY/ 1928 – 1989/ journalist/ who/ loved this garden.[238] | — | |
Ambika Paul Memorial Fountain | Fountain with sculpture | Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, London Zoo | 1994 | Shenda Amery | — |
— | ||
Harry Colebourn and Winnipeg the Bear | Sculptural group | Children’s Zoo (behind café), London Zoo | 1995 (unveiled) | Bill Epp | — |
This second memorial to the inspiration for Winnie-the-Pooh shows the bear with the Canadian soldier who donated her to the Zoo.[239] A cast of a group originally unveiled in Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Canada, in 1992. The model for the figure of Colebourn was his son, Fred.[240] | — | |
Plaque commemorating restoration of gardens | Plaque in pavement | Broad Walk | 1996 | Richard Kindersley | — |
Inscribed THIS PLAQUE CELEBRATES THE RESTORATION OF THE AVENUE GARDENS BETWEEN 1993 & 1996. THESE GARDENS WERE DESIGNED BY WILLIAM ANDREWS NESFIELD, 1794–1881 & CREATED BETWEEN 1863 & 1865[241] | — | |
The Awakening Anne Lydia Evans[242] |
Sculpture | St John’s Lodge garden | 1998[243] | Unus Safardiar | — |
Anne Lydia Evans was a general practioner in Marylebone who campaigned to improve the medical care of victims of torture.[244] | — | |
Unseen Prey | Sculptural group | London Zoo | c. 1999 | Shenda Amery | — |
— | ||
Dung Beetles | Sculptural group | Millennium Conservation Centre, London Zoo | 1999 | Wendy Taylor | — |
[245] | — | |
Swraj Paul, Baron Paul | Bust | Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, London Zoo | 2002 (erected) | Sadiq | — |
[246] | — | |
Clock | Animated clock | Blackburn Pavilion (Tropical Aviary), London Zoo | 2008 | Tim Hunkin | — |
The result of a commission on the theme of Victorian attitudes towards nature, Hunkin’s clock takes inspiration from the work of the cartoonist Saul Steinberg and Rowland Emett’s Guinness Clock for the 1951 Festival of Britain.[247] | — |
St James’s
St James’s is the area bounded to the north by Piccadilly, to the west by Green Park, to the south by The Mall and St James’s Park and to the east by the Haymarket.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Sculptor | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
William III | Equestrian statue | St James’s Square |
1807 | John Bacon, Jr. | — |
Very likely to a design of the sculptor’s father John Bacon, Senior, dating to 1794. The design is probably inspired by John Michael Rysbrack’s equestrian statue of William III in Queen Square, Bristol.[248] | Grade I | |
Duke of York Column | Statue on column | Waterloo Place |
1832–4 | Sir Richard Westmacott | Benjamin Dean Wyatt | The Duke, in his Garter robes, stands atop an unfluted Doric column. Westmacott intended for the statue to face north towards Regent Street, but William IV, on the Duke of Wellington’s advice, requested that it face the Horse Guards to the south. The column was completed in 1832 and the statue raised on 3 April 1834.[249] | Grade I | |
George III | Equestrian statue | Cockspur Street, facing down Pall Mall |
1836 | c.Matthew Cotes Wyatt | — |
Unveiled 3 August 1836 by the Duke of Cumberland. After the King’s death in 1820 Wyatt designed an ambitious multi-figure monument, but there were too few subscriptions for the project to go ahead. Fund-raising recommenced in 1831. The statue came to be nicknamed "the Pigtail and Pump-head".[250] | Grade II | |
|
Buckingham Palace Gates | Gates and piers with sculptural decoration | Forecourt of Buckingham Palace |
1850–1 (N) 1904–8 (S) 1911 (centre) |
John Thomas, W. S. Frith, Walter Gilbert, Louis Weingartner | Decimus Burton, Sir Aston Webb | Burton's gates were installed after the removal of Marble Arch, formerly the ceremonial entrance to the palace. Webb commissioned the Bromsgrove Guild to produce replicas with minor variations, which were erected on the southern side. The central gates were added at the request of George V.[251] | Grade I |
The Guards Crimean War Memorial | Memorial with sculpture | Waterloo Place |
1858–62 | John Bell | — |
The figures at the base of the plinth are of a Grenadier, a Fusilier and a Coldstream Guard; the crowning figure represents Honour. They are cast in bronze from cannon captured at the Siege of Sevastopol.[252] | Grade II | |
The Boy | Drinking fountain with sculpture | St James’s Park |
1863 | Charles Henry Mabey for Robert Jackson & Son | |
A marble figure of a boy naked to the waist, set on a granite plinth with marble panels. The badly worn and much vandalised sculpture was repaired in 1993 and unveiled by Douglas Hurd.[253] | Grade II | |
Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin | Statue | Waterloo Place |
1866 | Matthew Noble | — |
Unveiled 15 November 1866. Franklin is depicted in the act of announcing the discovery of the Northwest Passage to his officers and crew. At the back of the pedestal is a map of the Arctic, showing the positions of the boats and crews at the moment of Franklin's burial.[254] | Grade II | |
Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea | Statue | Waterloo Place |
1867 | John Henry Foley | Thomas Henry Wyatt | Unveiled 1 June 1867 in Pall Mall. Moved to the courtyard of the War Office, Whitehall, in 1906. In 1915 it was moved to Waterloo Place to become a pendant sculpture to that of Florence Nightingale, which was given a matching pedestal.[255] | Grade II | |
Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde | Statue and other sculpture | Waterloo Place |
1867 | Carlo Marochetti | — |
The statue stands on a cylindrical granite pedestal; on a lower base projecting from this is a group of Victory seated on a lion.[256] Originally intended for Horse Guards Parade, but when the pedestal was installed there the Admiralty complained that it was blocking their entrance, and the site was changed.[257] | Grade II | |
Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne | Statue | Waterloo Place |
1877 | Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm | — |
Originally intended to stand outside the War Office in Whitehall. Boehm incorporated a tiny group of Saint George and the Dragon by his pupil Alfred Gilbert at the end of Burgoyne’s baton.[258] | Grade II | |
John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence | Statue | Waterloo Place |
1885 | Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm | — |
A replacement for Boehm’s statue of 1882, which was heavily criticised for its realism. This was presented to Lahore, where it proved equally controversial; in 1962 it was brought to Derry and erected in front of Foyle College, Lawrence's old school.[259] | Grade II | |
Queen Victoria | Statue | In front of 16 Carlton House Terrace | 1898–1902 | c.Sir Thomas Brock | — |
Unveiled 5 February 1902 by Lord Salisbury in the Junior Constitutional Club, Piccadilly; sold in 1940. Moved to the present site in 1971, when this building was being used as an annexe of the National Portrait Gallery.[260] | — | |
Victoria Memorial
Queen Victoria |
Memorial with sculpture | Queen Victoria Memorial Gardens, The Mall |
1901–24 | Sir Thomas Brock | — |
Unveiled 16 May 1911 by George V. Brock was adamant that he, and not Aston Webb, was responsible for the architectural design of the memorial. Despite never having travelled to France, he produced a work that was convincingly abreast with belle époque fashion.[261] | Grade I | |
Royal Marines Memorial |
Memorial with sculpture | The Mall |
1903 | Adrian Jones | Sir Thomas Graham Jackson | Unveiled 25 April 1903 by the Prince of Wales, on a site now occupied by the Admiralty Citadel. Removed in 1940 and reinstalled on the Mall in 1948.[262] | Grade II | |
Australia Gate | Piers with sculptural decoration | Queen Victoria Memorial Gardens |
1905–8 | Francis Derwent Wood | Sir Aston Webb | The nude boys on the two piers hold the 1908 coat of arms of Australia; the western boy is accompanied by a kangaroo and the eastern by a Merino ram.[263] | Grade I | |
Canada Gate | Gates and piers with sculptural decoration | Queen Victoria Memorial Gardens |
1905–8 | Henry Alfred Pegram | Sir Aston Webb | The nude boys on the outermost piers hold the 1868 arms of Canada and have attributes referring to fishing and agriculture. The gates were produced by the Bromsgrove Guild.[264] | Grade I | |
South Africa Gate | Piers with sculptural decoration | Queen Victoria Memorial Gardens |
1905–8 | Alfred Drury | Sir Aston Webb | The nude boy on the northern pier, representing South Africa, holds a shield with the arms of the Cape Colony; that on the southern, representing West Africa, holds a blank shield.[264] | Grade I | |
Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial |
Memorial with sculpture | The Mall |
1910 | William Robert Colton | Sir Aston Webb | Unveiled 20 July 1910 by the Duke of Connaught. Colton was given the commission after Sir Thomas Brock turned it down due to the pressure of other commitments. Few were pleased with the resulting memorial.[265] | Grade II | |
Captain James Cook | Statue | The Mall |
1914 | Sir Thomas Brock | probably Sir Aston Webb | Unveiled 7 July 1914 by the Duke of Connaught. The idea for the memorial was first proposed by the former Prime Minister of New South Wales, who wrote to The Times complaining of the lack of a statue to Cook in London.[266] | Grade II | |
Florence Nightingale | Statue | Waterloo Place |
1915 | Arthur George Walker | Thomas Henry Wyatt | Unveiled 24 February 1915. The last of a group of three memorials with a Crimean theme on Waterloo Place. The pedestal is a copy of that of the statue of Lord Herbert, and is decorated with bronze reliefs of scenes from Nightingale’s life.[267] | Grade II | |
Captain Robert Falcon Scott | Statue | Waterloo Place |
1915 | Lady Kathleen Scott | — |
Unveiled 5 November 1915 by Arthur Balfour. The sculptor was Captain Scott’s widow; she produced a marble replica for Christchurch, New Zealand.[268] | Grade II | |
Edward VII | Equestrian statue | Waterloo Place |
1921 | Sir Bertram Mackennal | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Unveiled 20 July 1921 by George V. Edward VII is depicted in Field Marshal’s uniform. Stands on the site previously occupied by the equestrian statue of Lord Napier of Magdala, now at Queen’s Gate, Kensington.[269] | Grade II | |
Army and Navy Club War Memorial | Statue | Outside the Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall | 1923–6 | Basil Gotto | — |
Originally stood in the Victorian clubhouse, which was demolished around 1962. The memorial went into storage at the Ministry of DeDefence. In 2001 it was returned to the club and displayed in a glass case outside its 1960s building.[270] | — | |
Mary of Nazareth | Statue | St James’s churchyard, Piccadilly | 1925 | c.Charles Wheeler | — |
The sculpture, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1925, was offered to St James’s by Wheeler’s family after his death. It was erected on this site in 1975.[271] | — | |
Peace | Statue | St James’s churchyard, Piccadilly | 1926 | c.Alfred Frank Hardiman | — |
As Hardiman died in 1949 leaving his Southwood Memorial for the churchyard unfinished, the sculptor’s widow gave this earlier work to St James’s as a substitute and as a memorial to her husband.[272] | — | |
Memorial to Queen Alexandra | Memorial with sculpture | Marlborough Road |
1926–32 | Sir Alfred Gilbert | — |
Unveiled 8 June 1932 by George V. Despite Gilbert’s earlier disgrace with the royal family after failing to complete the Duke of Clarence’s tomb, the Queen had expressed a wish that he sculpt her memorial should he outlive her. Gilbert, aged 78, was knighted the day after its unveiling.[273]
See also: Queen Alexandra's Memorial Ode |
Grade I | |
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston | Statue | Carlton House Terrace |
1930 | Sir Bertram Mackennal | — |
Unveiled 20 March 1931 by Stanley Baldwin. The statue stands opposite the viceroy’s former house. Mackennal had previously sculpted Curzon’s tomb effigy in All Saints Church, Kedleston.[274] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Julius Salter Elias, 1st Viscount Southwood | Memorial with sculpture | St James’s churchyard, Piccadilly |
1948 | Alfred Frank Hardiman | Sir Alfred Richardson | At the entrance to the Garden of Remembrance financed by Southwood, a newspaper magnate. Putti on dolphins and playing musical instruments refer to his charitable work for the children’s hospital at Great Ormond Street.[275] | Grade II | |
George VI | Statue | Carlton House Terrace |
1955 | William McMillan | Louis de Soissons (1955)
Donald Insall (2008) |
Unveiled 21 October 1955 by Queen Elizabeth II. The statue was moved forward from its original setting in 2008 to form part of a joint memorial with the King’s wife, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother.[276] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Queen Mary | Plaque with relief sculpture | Junction of The Mall and Marlborough Road |
1967 | Sir William Reid Dick | Alan Reynolds Stone (lettering) | Unveiled 7 June 1967. The profile portrait is a bronze replica of the memorial to Queen Mary at St Mary Magdalene’s church, Sandringham, Norfolk.[277] | — | |
Memorial to WPC Yvonne Fletcher | Stele | St James’s Square | 1985 | — |
— |
Unveiled 1 February 1985 by Margaret Thatcher. The first memorial to be erected by the Police Memorial Trust, founded in response to Fletcher’s shooting during a siege of the Libyan embassy on the Square.[278] | — | |
General Charles de Gaulle | Statue | Carlton Gardens |
1993 | Angela Conner | Bernrad Wiehahn | Unveiled 23 June 1993 by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. De Gaulle (who requested that no statues be raised to him) gestures with his left hand towards 4 Carlton Gardens, the headquarters of the Free French from 1940.[274] | — | |
Eclipse |
Fountain with sculpture | Economist Plaza | 1996 | Angela Conner | — |
The memorial fountain consists of two moving discs mounted on a wall, which slowly fill up with water. In 2008 Conner voiced her displeasure with the Economist’s neglect of the work’s upkeep.[279] | — | |
Stag | Statue | St James’s Square | 2001 | Marcus Cornish | — |
Commissioned by the developer Patrick Despard for Cleveland House, St James’s Square. As the sculpture did not find favour with the building’s occupants, it was presented to the trustees of the square.[280] | — | |
Beau Brummell | Statue | Jermyn Street |
2002 | Irena Sedlecká | — |
Unveiled 5 November 2002 by Princess Michael of Kent. Sedlecká originally conceived the sculpture for the Bond Street site now occupied by Lawrence Holofcener’s Allies.[281] | — | |
National Police Memorial | Memorial with stele | The Mall, in front of the Admiralty Citadel |
2005 | Per Arnoldi | Foster and Partners | Unveiled 26 April 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II. The memorial incorporates a ventilation shaft for the London Underground, faced with black granite and containing a Roll of Honour.[282] | — | |
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother | Memorial with statue and relief sculpture | The Mall |
2009 | Philip Jackson (statue) Paul Day (reliefs) |
Donald Buttress, Donald Insall | Unveiled 24 February 2009 by Queen Elizabeth II. Part of a joint memorial to the Queen Mother and her husband George VI, which incorporates William McMillan’s 1955 statue of the latter. A cast of Jackson's statue is to be erected in Poundbury, Dorset.[283] | — | |
Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park | Statue | Waterloo Place |
2010 | Les Johnson | — |
Unveiled 15 September 2010, on the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Britain. Previously a larger, fibreglass version of the statue was displayed on the Fourth Plinth at Trafalgar Square for six months. It is now at the Royal Air Force Museum in Hendon.[284] | — | |
Tiffany Fountain | Fountain | Pelican Rock, St James’s Park | 2011 | — |
— |
Unveiled 7 July 2011 by Jools Holland. Commemorates the Tiffany & Co. Foundation’s gift of $1.25 million to the Royal Parks Foundation. Replaces an earlier fountain installed in 1966 and decommissioned in 1996.[285] | — | |
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston | Stone plaque with portrait relief | Pickering Place | ? |
? |
— |
— |
St John’s Wood
St John’s Wood, a suburban area of largely Victorian buildings in the northern extremity of the City of Westminster, was declared a conservation area in 1968.[286]
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorial to Edward Onslow Ford | Obelisk with sculpture | Abbey Road / Grove End Road |
1903 | Andrea Carlo Lucchesi | John William Simpson | Unveiled 13 July 1903.[287] At the front of the memorial is a casting of Onslow Ford’s own Muse from his Shelley Memorial in University College, Oxford; behind is a portrait head of the sculptor by Lucchesi.[288] | Grade II | |
Grace Gates W. G. Grace |
Gates | Lord’s Cricket Ground | 1923 | — |
Sir Herbert Baker | [289] | Grade II | |
Old Father Time | Weathervane | Lord’s Cricket Ground | 1926 | — |
Sir Herbert Baker | A gift by Baker, the architect of the Grandstand, to the Marylebone Cricket Club and Lord’s.[290] Moved to the Mound Stand in 1996 to allow for the demolition of Baker’s Grandstand and the construction of its replacement by Sir Nicholas Grimshaw.[291] | — | |
Sporting figures | Bas-relief | Lord’s Cricket Ground, Wellington Road |
1934 | Gilbert Bayes | — |
13 sportspeople, including tennis players, golfers, cricketers, swimmers, oarsmen and footballers are depicted in a procession. The inscription PLAY UP PLAY UP AND PLAY THE GAME is taken from Henry Newbolt's poem "Vitaï Lampada" (1892). The setting was remodelled in 1995–6.[292] | Grade II | |
St Marylebone War Memorial | Equestrian statue | St John’s Wood roundabout, top of Park Road |
1935 | c.Charles Leonard Hartwell | — |
Hartwell designed the bronze group of Saint George spearing the dragon for a war memorial in Newcastle upon Tyne, commissioned by Earl Haig. This later casting was a gift of the artist Sigismund Goetze.[293] | Grade II | |
St. John the Baptist | Statue | St John the Baptist’s Church | 1977 | Hans Feibusch | — |
— | ||
Bowler | Statue | Lord’s Cricket Ground | 2002 | Antony Dufort | — |
— |
Soho
Soho has an area of approximately one square mile and may be thought of as bounded by Oxford Street to the north, Regent Street to the west, Leicester Square to the south and Charing Cross Road to the east.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles II | Statue | Soho Square |
1681 | Caius Gabriel Cibber | — |
Originally formed the crowning element of a fountain at the centre of the square. In 1875 the badly weathered statue was moved to the garden of Grim’s Dyke, Harrow Weald, later the home of W. S. Gilbert. It was returned to the square in 1938, according to the wishes of Gilbert’s widow.[294] | Grade II | |
George II | Statue | Golden Square |
1720 | John Nost the Elder | — |
A statue of an allegorical figure in Roman costume, made for Cannons, the seat of the Duke of Chandos in Little Stanhope, Middlesex. An anonymous bidder bought the statue at the sale of the house’s contents and erected it in Golden Square as "George II" on 14 March 1753.[295] | Grade II | |
William Shakespeare | Fountain with statue | Leicester Square |
1874 | Giovanni Fontana after Peter Scheemakers | Sir James Knowles | Unveiled 3 July 1874. Based on William Kent and Scheemakers’s memorial to Shakespeare in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. The centrepiece of Knowles’s refurbishment of the Square’s gardens, paid for by Albert Grant, a company promoter and MP.[296] | Grade II | |
John Hunter | Bust | Leicester Square, south-eastern corner | 1874 | Thomas Woolner | — |
Hunter lived at 28 Leicester Square from 1783 to 1793.[297] Grant originally commissioned Woolner to sculpt a bust of Samuel Johnson, who frequented Reynolds’s house on the square, but was persuaded by the Royal College of Surgeons to honour Hunter instead. The bust originally stood in the north-eastern corner of the square but changed places with the bust of Hogarth when the square was refurbished in 1989–92.[298] | Grade II | |
Sir Joshua Reynolds | Bust | Leicester Square, north-western corner | 1874 | Henry Weekes | — |
Reynolds lived at 47 Leicester Square from 1760 until his death in 1792.[299] | Grade II | |
William Hogarth | Bust | Leicester Square, north-eastern corner | 1874 | Joseph Durham | — |
Originally stood in the south-eastern corner of the square, near where Hogarth had a house from 1733 until his death in 1764.[300] Exchanged places with the bust of Hunter in the 1989–92 refurbishment of the square.[298] | Grade II | |
Sir Isaac Newton | Bust | Leicester Square, south-western corner | 1874 | William Calder Marshall | — |
Newton lived nearby, on 35 St Martin’s Street, from 1710 to 1725.[301] | Grade II | |
Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain | Fountain with statue | Piccadilly Circus |
1885 | Sir Alfred Gilbert | Howard Ince (consulted on design) | Unveiled 29 June 1893. Gilbert criticised contemporary statues for being too literal and inartistic, and chose instead to symbolise Lord Shaftesbury’s philanthropy with an allegorical figure.[302] This was intended to represent Anteros or "The Angel of Christian Charity", but it became popularly identified with the Greek god’s twin brother Eros. | Grade I | |
Sir Henry Irving | Statue | Irving Street |
1910 | Sir Thomas Brock | — |
Unveiled 5 December 1910. The street between the statue and the National Portrait Gallery, formerly Green Street, was renamed in the actor’s honour in 1938. The formal gardens were laid out, with railings bearing the monogram HI, for the Festival of Britain in 1951; these were unveiled by Sir Laurence Olivier.[303] | Grade II | |
Charlie Chaplin | Statue | Leicester Square | 1981 | John Doubleday | — |
Unveiled 16 April 1981 by Sir Ralph Richardson. A slightly modified version was erected in Vevey, the Swiss town Chaplin made his home, the following year. Moved in 1989–92 from the south-western corner to a site north of the Shakespeare fountain.[304] | — | |
Chinese lions | Sculptures | Gerrard Street | 1985 | — |
— |
Unveiled 29 October 1985 by the Duke of Gloucester at the formal opening of Chinatown. A gift from the People’s Republic of China.[305] | — | |
Ode to the West Wind | Mural | 17 Noel Street | 1989 | Louise Vines and the London Wall Mural Group | — |
Inspired by the eponymous poem of 1819 by Percy Bysshe Shelley, who lived around the corner in 15 Poland Street; the mutilated tree is also a reference to the Great Storm of 1987. Originally proposed in 1986 by the Soho Jazz Festival, who then abandoned the commission; it was subsequently taken up by the Soho Society.[306] | — | |
The Spirit of Soho | Mural | Broadwick Street | 1991 | Freeform Arts Trust | — |
Saint Anne, as patroness of Soho, is portrayed in a dress bearing a map of the district. At her feet are gathered several former residents, including Casanova and Marx. Six smaller scenes depict forms of work and leisure characteristic of the area. Restored in 2006.[307] | — | |
Cantonal Tree | Swiss Court, Leicester Square | 1991 | — |
— |
Unveiled 15 April 1991, to mark the 700th anniversary of the founding of the Swiss Confederation. The street was also given its current name for that occasion. Displays the arms of Switzerland’s 26 cantons. | — |
Victoria
Victoria is roughly described as the area around Victoria station.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tympanum mosaic | Mosaic | Westminster Cathedral | 1916 | Robert Anning Bell | John Francis Bentley | The mosaic was criticised for its background of white tiles, instead of the traditional gold.[308] | Grade I | |
Rifle Brigade Memorial | Memorial with sculpture | Grosvenor Gardens |
1924–5 | John Tweed | — |
Unveiled 25 July 1925. The rifleman in contemporary uniform in the centre is flanked by an officer (on the left) and a private in early 19th-century uniform.[309] | Grade II | |
Marshall Ferdinand Foch | Equestrian statue | Grosvenor Gardens |
1930 | Georges Malissard | F. Lebret | Unveiled 5 June 1930.[310] A replica of the statue in Cassel, France. The choice of an existing work by a French sculptor caused some dissatisfaction. The site was chosen so that the statue would be seen by French visitors arriving in London at Victoria station.[311] | Grade II | |
Cameo of Queen Victoria | Tiled pattern | Victoria station Victoria line platforms | 1968 | Edward Bawden after Benjamin Pearce | — |
Bawden produced an original linocut of the Queen’s profile for this scheme but it was rejected;[312] the final design is based on a silhouette by Pearce.[74] | — | |
Suffragette Memorial | Sculpture | Christchurch Gardens | 1970 | Lorne and Edwin Russell | Paul Edward Paget | Unveiled 14 July 1970. A bronze scroll in the shape of the letter S balancing on a conical pedestal. Inscribed NEARBY CAXTON HALL WAS/ HISTORICALLY ASSOCIATED/ WITH WOMEN′S SUFFRAGE/ MEETINGS & DEPUTATIONS/ TO PARLIAMENT.[313] | — | |
Field Mashal Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis | Statue | Outside the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, Birdcage Walk |
1985 | James Butler | — |
Unveiled 9 May 1985 by the Queen Mother. Alexander had a particular affection for the old Guards Chapel (almost completely destroyed by bombing in 1944), having spent much time there as a subaltern.[314] | — | |
Gates | Gates | 111 Buckingham Palace Road | 1986 | Giuseppe Lund | — |
Gates of jagged aluminium.[315] | — | |
Chalice | Fountain | 123 Buckingham Palace Road | 1991 | William Pye | — |
Unveiled 24 June 1991 by Lord St John of Fawsley (according to the pavement plaque). A stainless steel basin, its circumference bounded by cables suspended from above which define a cylindrical shape in the air. The idea was suggested to the sculptor by the hanging lamps in the Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo.[316] | — | |
The Flowering of the English Baroque |
Sculpture | Christchurch Gardens |
1995 | Glynn Williams | — |
Unveiled 22 November 1995, the tercentenary of Purcell’s death, by Princess Margaret. The sculptor described the design as "a rising explosion of activity, a tree to the musical evolution of the 17th century". This was the first major sculptural commission by Westminster City Council.[317] | — | |
Big Painting Sculpture | Sculpture | Cardinal Place | 1996–8 | Patrick Heron | Julian Feary | Commissioned when the complex was still known as Stag Place. Based on several gouache studies by Heron of brightly coloured floating shapes connected by linear patterns. Neon tubes light up the work at night.[318] | — | |
Lioness and Lesser Kudu | Sculptural group | Grosvenor Gardens | 1998 | Jonathan Kenworthy | — |
Installed on this site in 2000; another cast already stood in the grounds of Eaton Hall, the Duke of Westminster’s estate in Cheshire.[319] | — | |
Cypher | Sculpture | Outside the Asticus Building, 21 Palmer Street | 2003 | Tim Morgan | — |
The sculpture, commissioned by the Cass Sculpture Foundation, consists of thousands of glass rods bound together within a circular steel belt.[320] | — | |
Stacked glass sculpture | Sculpture | Cardinal Place | 2005 | Tony Burke | Jane Wernick Associates (engineer) | The work comprises one twisting wall of stacked green glass and another curving; these are set on a cylindrical plinth.[321] | — | |
LP4 | Kinetic sculpture | Cardinal Place | 2005 | Nathaniel Rackowe | — |
Two slabs of oblong welded steel panels (with a gap at the top of the grid forming a "machiolation") hold in place a thin cathode light tube; the whole structure is set into a rotating turntable flush with the pavement.[322] | — | |
Queen Victoria | Statue | Victoria Square | 2008 | Catherine Anne Laugel | |
The Queen is depicted as a young woman of 20, the age she would have been when construction on the square began.[323] | |
Victoria Embankment
The Victoria Embankment is a road and river-walk on the north bank of the River Thames, formed from land reclaimed during the construction of Joseph Bazalgette’s sewerage system in the late 19th century.[324] From 1864 a sequence of public gardens called the Victoria Embankment Gardens was created from this land; running from north-east to south-west these are called Temple Gardens, the Main Garden, the Whitehall Garden and finally the Ministry of Defence section, built 1939–59.[325] All four gardens contain works of commemorative sculpture and more memorials are on the river-walk or road itself, making the Embankment one of the principal sites for commemoration in London. One of these memorials, the National Submarine War Memorial, lies outside the borough, in the City of London.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Sculptor | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cleopatra's Needle | Obelisk | Adelphi Steps, near Hungerford Bridge |
1450 BC | c. — |
George John Vulliamy | One of a pair of obelisks erected in Heliopolis by Thutmose III; two centuries later the inscriptions to Ramesses II were added and in 12 BC they were moved to Alexandria. Presented to Britain in 1819, but not brought to London until 1878. Its companion was re-erected in Central Park, New York, in 1881.[326] | Grade I | |
Boadicea and her Daughters | Sculptural group | Near Westminster Pier |
1856–83 | Thomas Thornycroft and Hamo Thornycroft | Sir Thomas Graham Jackson | The elder Thornycroft’s magnum opus, brought to completion by his son. The style of the figures was out of fashion by the time the group was installed here in 1902.[327] | Grade II | |
Isambard Kingdom Brunel | Statue | Near Temple tube station |
1861 | c.Carlo Marochetti | Richard Norman Shaw | Erected 1877. This and Marochetti’s statue of George Stephenson outside Euston station were originally planned for Parliament Square. Shaw’s masonry screen, then a complete novelty but much imitated since, may have been intended to block the tube station from view.[328] | Grade II | |
Lieutenant General Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Whitehall Garden |
1871 | Matthew Noble | |
Unveiled 17 August 1871. Permission for a statue to Outram in Trafalgar Square had been refused in 1861. Trophies of arms representing his Indian campaigns rest on the corners of the pedestal.[329] | Grade II | |
John Stuart Mill | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Temple Gardens |
1878 | Thomas Woolner | |
Unveiled 26 January 1878.[330] The first statue specifically designed for a site on the Embankment.[331] | Grade II | |
Two sphinxes | Statues | Cleopatra's Needle | 1878 | Charles Henry Mabey | George John Vulliamy | Modelled on a sphinx from the time of Thutmose III in the Duke of Northumberland's collection at Alnwick Castle.[332] | Grade I (with obelisk) | |
Robert Raikes | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1880 | Sir Thomas Brock | — |
Unveiled 3 July 1880 by the Earl of Shaftesbury. Replicas were made in 1929 for the 150th anniversary of the first Sunday school, established by Raikes in Gloucester; they stand in that city and in Toronto.[333] | Grade II | |
William Tyndale | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Whitehall Garden |
1884 | Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm | Edward William Godwin | Unveiled 7 May 1884. Erected by the British and Foreign Bible Society to commemorate their 80th anniversary, and the supposed 400th anniversary of Tyndale’s birth.[334] | Grade II | |
Robert Burns | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1884 | Sir John Steell | — |
Unveiled 26 July 1884 by Lord Rosebery. A variation on Steell’s 1880 statue of Burns in Central Park, New York; other versions are in Dundee (erected 1880) and Dunedin, New Zealand (erected 1887).[335] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Henry Fawcett | Drinking fountain with plaque | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1886 | Mary Grant and George Frampton | Basil Champneys | Unveiled 27 July 1886. Grant produced the portrait relief and Frampton, then at an early stage in his career, provided the ornamental sculpture. The erroneous "signature" reads MARY GRANT SC/ 1896; this was added in 1897.[336] | Grade II | |
Sir Henry Bartle Frere, 1st Baronet | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Whitehall Garden |
1887 | Sir Thomas Brock | |
Unveiled 5 June 1888 by the Prince of Wales. Frere is represented in privy counsellor’s uniform, with the robe and collar of a Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India and the insignia of the Order of the Bath.[337] | Grade II | |
General Charles George Gordon | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Ministry of Defence section |
1888 | Sir William Hamo Thornycroft | Alfred Waterhouse | Unveiled 16 October 1888 in Trafalgar Square. The pedestal was inspired by that of Le Sueur’s Charles I near that location (q.v.). Removed in 1943 for the temporary display of a Lancaster bomber and re-erected on this site in 1953. A cast of 1889 is in Melbourne.[338] | Grade II | |
William Edward Forster | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1889 | Henry Richard Hope Pinker | — |
Unveiled 1 August 1890. Erected outside the (now demolished) London School Board offices, appropriately enough as Forster was responsible for the act of Parliament which provided compulsory state education for all children.[339] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Sir Joseph Bazalgette | Plaque with bust | Near Embankment Pier, facing Northumberland Avenue |
1901 | George Blackall Simonds | |
Unveiled 6 November 1901.[340] Inscribed FLVMINI VINCVLA POSVIT ("he put the river in chains"), referring to Bazalgette’s construction of London’s sewers, which also resulted in the creation of the Embankment.[341] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Sir Arthur Sullivan | Bust on pedestal with other sculpture | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1902 | Sir William Goscombe John | |
Unveiled 10 July 1903 by Princess Louise. Inscribed with a quotation from The Yeomen of the Guard (1888), IS LIFE A BOON?/ IF SO, IT MUST BEFALL/ THAT DEATH, WHENE’ER HE CALL/ MUST CALL TOO SOON.[342] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Walter Besant | Plaque | Near Savoy Place |
1902 | Sir George Frampton | |
Erected 1904. A cast of an identical monument in the crypt of St Paul’s Cathedral, unveiled in 1903.[343] | Grade II | |
Sir Wilfrid Lawson, 2nd Baronet, of Brayton | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1909 | David McGill | |
Unveiled 20 July 1909 by H. H. Asquith. The pedestal was originally decorated with bronze statuettes representing Temperance, Charity, Fortitude and Peace; these were stolen in 1979.[344] | Grade II | |
Memorial to William Thomas Stead | Plaque | Temple Pier |
1913 | Sir George Frampton | |
Unveiled 5 July 1920. Portrait relief with two small figures of Fortitude and Sympathy. A replica was unveiled in Central Park, New York, in 1921.[345] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Richard Norman Shaw | Plaque | Norman Shaw Buildings | 1914 | Sir William Hamo Thornycroft | William Lethaby | Unveiled 13 July 1914. Lethaby commended Thornycroft on his posthumous likeness of Shaw: "You must have remembered much, the curled over lip and the serious smiling, saucy look are so alike..." The building is generally regarded as Shaw’s masterpiece.[346] | Grade I (building) | |
Memorial to W. S. Gilbert | Plaque | Near Embankment Pier |
1914 | Sir George Frampton | |
Unveiled 31 August 1915. Portrait relief with figures of Tragedy and Comedy; the latter contemplates a doll dressed as the Mikado. Anthony Hope, who was on the memorial committee, took credit for the epitaph HIS FOE WAS FOLLY/ AND HIS WEAPON WIT, though the exact phrasing was not his.[347] | Grade II | |
Anglo-Belgian War Memorial | Screen with sculptural group and reliefs | Victoria Embankment, facing Cleopatra’s Needle |
1920 | Victor Rousseau with a Mr Francis | Sir Reginald Blomfield | Unveiled 12 October 1920. A gift from Belgium to thank Britain for her assistance in the First World War. Rousseau modelled the central bronze group and Francis, a student at the Royal College of Art, was tasked with the initial carving of the stone elements, which was finished by Rousseau.[348] A corresponding memorial is in Brussels. | Grade II | |
Imperial Camel Corps Memorial | Statue on pedestal with reliefs | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1920 | Major Cecil Brown | |
Unveiled 22 July 1921. The sculptor was himself a member of the Corps.[349] | Grade II | |
Royal Air Force Memorial | Pylon with sculpture | Whitehall Steps |
1923 | Sir William Reid Dick | Sir Reginald Blomfield | Unveiled 13 July 1923 by the Prince of Wales. A pylon of Portland stone surmounted by a gilded eagle, perched on a globe. Commemorates RAF personnel killed in both world wars.[350] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Samuel Plimsoll | Bust on pedestal with other sculpture | Victoria Embankment |
1929 | Ferdinand Victor Blundstone | — |
Unveiled 21 August 1929. The plinth is flanked by bronze figures of a sailor and Justice. The Plimsoll line is used as a motif on the railings on either side.[351] | Grade II | |
Memorial to Major-General Herbert Eaton, 3rd Baron Cheylesmore | Screen | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1930 | — |
Sir Edwin Lutyens | Unveiled 17 July 1930. Sir Reginald Blomfield, the architect of the Anglo-Belgian Memorial, objected to Lutyens’s work being "plastered onto the back" of his own.[352] | Grade II | |
King’s Reach Memorial | Stele with plaque and sculpture | Temple Pier | 1936 | Charles Doman | Sir Edwin Cooper | Unveiled 20 January 1936. Commemorates the naming of this stretch of the river after George V.[353] | — | |
Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Ministry of Defence section |
1961 | William McMillan | Sir Albert Richardson | Unveiled 19 July 1961 by Harold Macmillan. Richardson was an old friend of Trenchard’s and offered to design the pedestal free of charge.[354] | Grade II | |
Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Ministry of Defence section |
1975 | Oscar Nemon | — |
Unveiled 21 May 1975 by Harold Macmillan. The statue is set on a triangular slate pedestal, partly intended to evoke the shape of an aerofoil. Portal gazes upwards in the direction of the RAF Memorial.[355] | — | |
Murals | Murals | Embankment tube station, all platforms | 1985 | Robyn Denny | Arup Associates | This scheme won a Brunel Award for outstanding visual design in 1989.[356] | — | |
Savoy Hotel Centenary Memorial Richard D'Oyly Carte and other chairmen and managing directors of the Savoy Hotel up to 1989 |
Armillary sphere and cistern | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1989 | Christopher Daniel | Sir Hugh Casson | Inaugurated 30 March 1989. The inscriptions on the armilla include the hotel's motto (‘FOR EXCELLENCE WE STRIVE’) and lines from Gilbert and Sullivan’s Savoy opera, Ruddigore (1887): ‘EVERY SEASON HAS ITS CHEER’/ ‘LIFE IS LOVELY ALL THE YEAR’.[357] | — | |
Michael Faraday | Statue | Savoy Place |
1989 | John Henry Foley and Thomas Brock | — |
Unveiled 1 November 1989. Cast of an 1874 marble sculpture in the Royal Institution, completed by Brock after Foley’s death. The original gilding has worn away entirely.[358] | — | |
Chindit Memorial | Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Whitehall Garden |
1990 | Frank Forster | David Price | Unveiled 16 October 1990. Crowned with a bronze Chinthe or Burmese temple guardian, the Chindits’ namesake. Medallions to the front and rear reproduce the force’s badge and the portrait of their founder Orde Wingate.[359] | — | |
Lady Henry Somerset’s Children’s Fountain | Drinking fountain with statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Main Garden |
1991 | Philomena Davidson Davis after George Edward Wade | — |
Unveiled 29 May 1897. Wade’s original sculpture for the temperance campaigner’s memorial was stolen in 1971; it was replaced by Davis’s replica only in 1991.[360] | Grade II | |
Fleet Air Arm Memorial (Daedalus)
Royal Naval Air Service and Fleet Air Arm |
Statue | Victoria Embankment Gardens, Ministry of Defence section |
2000 | James Butler | Trehearne and Norman | Unveiled 1 June 2000 by the Prince of Wales. The figure of Daedalus as a modern pilot reflects on his fallen comrades. He stands atop a column which rises out of a plinth reminiscent of the prow of a ship.[361] | — | |
Battle of Britain Monument | Memorial with sculpture | Victoria Embankment, near Richmond Terrace |
2005 | Paul Day | Tony Dyson | Unveiled 18 September 2005 by the Prince of Wales. Adapted from a Victorian granite plinth which originally housed a ventilator for the Underground.[362] | |
Westminster
Westminster, which gives the borough its name, lies to the south-west of Charing Cross; it is the location of Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster, which together with St Margaret’s parish church comprise a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[363] The area’s main sculptural showcase is Parliament Square, conceived in the 1860s to improve the setting of the rebuilt Houses of Parliament, to ease traffic flow and as a site for commemorating politicians of note.[364] Carlo Marochetti’s statues of the engineers Robert Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel (q.v.) were initially considered for the square but were rejected as not fitting in with the political theme; they were ultimately erected outside Euston station and on the Victoria Embankment.[365] The present configuration of the square is a result of George Grey Wornum’s refurbishment of 1949–50, though three statues of twentieth-century figures have since been added.[366] Another two political memorials (one of which, the Buxton Memorial Fountain, was moved by Wornum from Parliament Square) and The Burghers of Calais, a work on an historical theme by Auguste Rodin, are to be found in Victoria Tower Gardens.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Artist | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
George Canning | Statue | Parliament Square |
1832 | Sir Richard Westmacott | — |
Erected 2 May 1832 in New Palace Yard; in its current location since 1949. The features are based on the portrait bust of Canning by Sir Francis Chantrey, who was "not at all pleased with the preference shewn to Mr. Westmacott".[367] | Grade II | |
Richard Coeur de Lion | Equestrian statue | Old Palace Yard |
1856 | Carlo Marochetti | — |
Unveiled 26 October 1860. Casting of a clay model exhibited at the 1851 Great Exhibition to much acclaim; John Ruskin considered it "the only really interesting piece of historical sculpture we have".[368] | Grade II | |
Westminster Scholars War Memorial | Column with sculpture | Broad Sanctuary |
1861 | John Birnie Philip | Sir George Gilbert Scott | Commemorates Lord Raglan and other ex-pupils of Westminster School who died in the Crimean War[369] and the Indian Mutiny. Sculptures represent St George and the Dragon, Edward the Confessor and Henry III (builders of Westminster Abbey), Elizabeth I (second founder of the school) and Queen Victoria.[370] | Grade II | |
Buxton Memorial Fountain
Inscribed to Buxton, Wilberforce, Clarkson, Macaulay, Brougham, Lushington et al. |
Drinking fountain | Victoria Tower Gardens |
1865–6 | Thomas Earp (figures now lost) | Samuel Sanders Teulon with Charles Buxton | Erected in Parliament Square in 1865–6. Commissioned by Charles Buxton as a memorial to his father Sir Thomas Buxton and his colleagues in the Abolitionist movement, particularly those associated with the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833. Removed in 1949 and re-erected on this site in 1957.[371] | Grade II* | |
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby | Statue | Parliament Square |
1874 | Matthew Noble | — |
Unveiled 11 July 1874. Derby is represented wearing his robes as Chancellor of Oxford University. The bronze reliefs around the pedestal depicting scenes from his life were executed by Noble’s assistant, Horace Montford.[372] | Grade II | |
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston | Statue | Parliament Square |
1876 | Thomas Woolner | — |
Unveiled 2 February 1876. Palmerston is portrayed in middle age, before he became Prime Minister. The pedestal departs from the "Gothic" model of the nearby statues of Derby and Peel.[373] | Grade II | |
Sir Robert Peel | Statue | Parliament Square |
1877 (unveiled) | Matthew Noble | — |
Initially a statue of Peel was commissioned from Carlo Marochetti. This was ready by 1853 but was considered to be far too large. Marochetti produced a smaller work which was placed at the entrance to New Palace Yard; this was removed in 1868 and melted down in 1874.[374] | Grade II | |
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield | Statue | Parliament Square |
1883 | Mario Raggi | — |
Unveiled 19 April 1883. The statue was the "shrine" of the Primrose League, a conservative association established in Disraeli’s memory, who left wreaths in front of it every year on "Primrose Day", the anniversary of his death.[375] | Grade II | |
The Burghers of Calais | Sculptural group | Victoria Tower Gardens |
1895 | Auguste Rodin | Eric Gill (lettering) | Unveiled 19 July 1915. The National Art Collections Fund bought the cast in 1910. Rodin wanted the work situated "near the statue of William the Conqueror" (sic) but eventually agreed on a site in Victoria Tower Gardens.[376] Relocated and given its current pedestal in 2004.[377] | Grade I | |
Oliver Cromwell | Statue | New Palace Yard |
1899 | Hamo Thornycroft | — |
Unveiled 18 November 1899.[378] The decision to erect a statue to Cromwell was controversial; the Irish Nationalist Party forced the withdrawal of public funds to pay for the statue. Instead an anonymous donor, rumoured to be Lord Rosebery, paid for the work.[379] | Grade II | |
War memorial | Cross | Churchyard of St John’s, Smith Square, facing Dean Stanley Street | after 1918 | — |
— |
Commemorates the 120 parishioners of the church who died in World War I.[380] | — | |
Abraham Lincoln | Statue | Parliament Square |
1920 (unveiled) | Augustus Saint-Gaudens | McKim, Mead & White | Unveiled July 1920. A replica of the statue of Lincoln in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Initially the statue was to be erected in 1914, but this was postponed until 1917. By that time some favoured an alternative statue by George Grey Barnard; this was eventually erected in Manchester.[381] | Grade II | |
Drinking fountain with two groups of a nanny goat and kid | Drinking fountain with sculptural groups | Victoria Tower Gardens | 1923 | Miss Harris assisted by Charles Sargeant Jagger | — |
Given by Henry Gage Spicer, the director of a paper firm, for the poor children of the area who used the Gardens as a playground. The extent of "Miss Harris’s" involvement in the art deco sculptures is questionable.[382] | — | |
Emmeline Pankhurst | Statue with side screens and piers | Victoria Tower Gardens |
1930 | Arthur George Walker | Sir Herbert Baker | Unveiled 6 March 1930 by Stanley Baldwin. Moved to the present site in 1956. The stone screens were added in 1959 as a memorial to Christabel Pankhurst. Two bronze plaques show, on the right, a portrait medallion of Christabel Pankhurst and, on the left, the design on the WSPU prisoners’ badge.[383] | Grade II | |
George V | Statue | Old Palace Yard |
1947 (unveiled) | Sir William Reid Dick | Sir Giles Gilbert Scott | Unveiled 22 October 1947 by George VI. Completion of the statue was delayed by the outbreak of the Second World War; the statue was stored at the quarry in Portland for the duration of the conflict.[384] | Grade II | |
Jan Smuts | Statue | Parliament Square |
1956 | Sir Jacob Epstein | possibly Charles Holden | Unveiled 7 November 1956. Winston Churchill, on his return to power in 1951, wished to erect a statue to Smuts; he was, however, unable to perform the unveiling due to illness. The pedestal is of granite from South Africa.[382] | Grade II | |
Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65 | Sculpture | Abingdon Street Gardens (College Green) |
1962–5 | Henry Moore | — |
Unveiled 1 November 1967. A gift by Henry Moore and the Contemporary Art Society.[385] Over the years the work’s condition deteriorated because its legal owner was unknown;[386] the House of Commons accepted ownership of the sculpture in 2011 and plans to carry out maintenance works.[387] | — | |
Winston Churchill | Statue | Parliament Square |
1973 | Ivor Roberts-Jones | — |
Unveiled 1 November 1973 by Lady Clementine Spencer-Churchill. Churchill indicated his desire for a statue of himself in this spot when Parliament Square was redeveloped in the 1950s.[388] Roberts-Jones’s initial versions of the statue were felt to bear too close a resemblance to Benito Mussolini.[389] | Grade II | |
Jubilee Fountain |
Fountain with sculpture | New Palace Yard |
1977 | Walenty Pytel | — |
Unveiled 4 May 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II. The two tiers of animals represent the continents: on the lower tier are a lion for Africa, a unicorn for Europe and a tiger for Asia, on the upper an eagle for the Americas, a kangaroo for Australia and a penguin for Antarctica.[390] | — | |
Memorial to Innocent Victims of Oppression, Violence and War | Plaque in pavement | Broad Sanctuary | 1996 | — |
— |
Unveiled 10 October 1996 by Queen Elizabeth II.[391] | — | |
Golden Jubilee Sundial |
Analemmatic sundial in pavement | Old Palace Yard |
2002 | — |
Quentin Newark | Parliament’s gift to the Queen on her Golden Jubilee. The inscription around the rim is from Henry VI, Part 3: To carve out dials quaintly, point by point, thereby to see the minutes how they run: how many makes the hour full complete, how many hours brings about the day, how many days will finish up the year, how many years a mortal man may live.[392] | — | |
Nelson Mandela | Statue | Parliament Square |
2007 | Ian Walters | — |
Unveiled 29 August 2007. Westminster Council had earlier refused permission for placing the statue in Trafalgar Square adjacent to South Africa House.[393] On a visit to London in 1961, Mandela had joked that one day his statue would replace that of Jan Smuts; they now both have statues in Parliament Square.[394] | — | |
David Lloyd George | Statue | Parliament Square |
2007 (unveiled) | Glynn Williams | — |
Unveiled 25 October 2007 by the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall. Stands on a plinth of slate from Penrhyn Quarry, North Wales.[395] | — |
Whitehall / Horse Guards
Whitehall is the street leading from Trafalgar Square to Parliament Square, on which there are several notable memorials, and is home to Horse Guards.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Location | Date | Sculptor | Architect / Designer | Notes | Listing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cádiz Memorial | Memorial | Horse Guards Road |
1814 (base) | — |
— |
A French mortar mounted on a Chinese dragon, presented by Spain in thanks for Wellington's lifting of the Siege of Cádiz in 1812. The base was made in 1814 at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich.[396] | Grade II | |
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge | Equestrian statue | Whitehall, opposite the Old War Office |
1907 | Adrian Jones | John Belcher | Unveiled 15 June 1907.[397] Jones was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order for this work.[398] In 2012 the sword was broken off by a man who had stripped naked and mounted the statue in what was described as a "psychotic episode".[399] | Grade II | |
Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire | Statue | Junction of Horse Guards Avenue and Whitehall |
1909–10 | Herbert Hampton | Howard Ince | Unveiled 14 February 1911. The statue of the Duke in his Garter robes stands on a pedestal of Darley Dale stone. Edward VII, as a close friend of the Duke, took a personal interest in the memorial, asking Hampton to bring the modello to Buckingham Palace for his inspection.[400] | Grade II | |
Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive | Statue | King Charles Street, facing Horse Guards Road |
1912 | John Tweed | George Somers Clarke | Erected 1912 in the gardens of Gwydyr House; moved to present site in 1916. The statue was the brainchild of Lord Curzon, who felt that Clive had been insufficiently honoured for his role in establishing the British Empire in India. A marble version was also created for erection in Calcutta.[401] | Grade II | |
Cenotaph | Memorial | Whitehall |
1920 | Francis Derwent Wood | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Unveiled 11 November (Armistice Day) 1920 by George V. Lutyens's temporary cenotaph in wood and plaster, designed and built in two weeks in July 1919, proved so popular that this permanent version of the same design was erected the following year. It commemorates the dead of both world wars.[402] | Grade I | |
Field Marshal Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley | Equestrian statue | Horse Guards Road |
1920 | Sir William Goscombe John | — |
Unveiled 25 June 1920 by the Duke of Connaught. Goscombe John was awarded this commission on the strength of his equestrian bronze of Lord Tredegar in Cathays Park, Cardiff. Trafalgar Square was initially considered as the location for this statue. It was stored for safekeeping at Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, between 1941 and 1949.[403] | Grade II | |
Field Marshal Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts | Equestrian statue | Horse Guards Road |
1924 | Henry Poole after Harry Bates | Richard Allison | Unveiled 30 May 1924 by the Duke of Connaught.[404] A scaled-down replica of Bates’s 30-foot high bronze of Lord Roberts, erected in Calcutta in 1896. Another, earlier replica by Poole is in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow.[405] | Grade II | |
Royal Naval Division Memorial | Fountain with obelisk | Horse Guards Road |
1925 | Eric Broadbent and F. J. Wilcoxson | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Unveiled 25 April 1925 by Winston Churchill.[406] Inscribed with words from the poem "1914. III. The Dead" by Rupert Brooke, who served in the RND.[407] Put into storage 1939, re-erected outside the Old Royal Naval College at Greenwich in 1959, and returned to its original site in 2003.[406] | Grade II | |
Field Marshal Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener | Statue | Horse Guards Road |
1926 | John Tweed | — |
Unveiled 9 June 1926 by the Prince of Wales.[408] Set against a stone screen abutting the garden wall of 10 Downing Street.[409] A larger national memorial to Kitchener, the tomb designed by Sir William Reid Dick, had been erected in St Paul's Cathedral the previous year.[408] | Grade II | |
Guards Division War Memorial | Memorial with sculpture | Horse Guards Parade |
1926 | Gilbert Ledward | H. Chalton Bradshaw | Unveiled 16 October 1926. The bronze figures represent five individual soldiers from the Grenadier, Coldstream, Scots, Irish and Welsh Guards; they were cast from captured German guns. After it sustained bomb damage in the Blitz, Ledward asked that some of the "honourable scars of war" be left on the memorial.[410] | Grade II | |
Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig | Equestrian statue | Whitehall |
1937 | Alfred Frank Hardiman | Stephen Rowland Pierce | Unveiled 10 November 1937. The statue aroused great controversy, comparable even with the reaction to Epstein’s early works. The depiction of the horse was deemed to be unnatural; Country Life noted that its legs were in the position for urinating.[411] Haig's widow did not attend the unveiling.[412] | Grade II | |
Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein | Statue | Whitehall, outside the Ministry of Defence | 1980 | Oscar Nemon | — |
Unveiled 6 June 1980 by the Queen Mother. The texture of the lower parts of the statue was achieved by mixing old plaster from the studio floor with fresh plaster at the modelling stage. Another cast stands in Brussels,[413] at a traffic intersection called Montgomery Square. | — | |
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma | Statue | Mountbatten Green, off Horse Guards Road |
1983 | Franta Belsky | Charles Pollard (Lettering by David Kindersley) | Unveiled 2 November 1983 by Queen Elizabeth II. The statue stands on a pedestal at the centre of a low stepped pyramid, a scheme much reduced in ambition from Belsky’s competition-winning design which included fountains representing the four seas. The financial constraints and "a very restrictive brief" resulted in a finished work which dissatisfied the sculptor.[414] | — | |
Field Marshal William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim | Statue | Whitehall, outside the Ministry of Defence | 1990 | Ivor Roberts-Jones | David Kindersley (lettering) | Unveiled 28 April 1990 by Queen Elizabeth II. Roberts-Jones had fought in the Burma Campaign of World War II, in which Slim was a commander.[415] | — | |
Field Marshal Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke | Statue | Whitehall, outside the Ministry of Defence | 1993 (erected) | Ivor Roberts-Jones | David Kindersley (lettering) | Unveiled 25 May 1993 by Queen Elizabeth II. For the installation of this, the last of the statues of Field Marshals on what was formerly called Raleigh Green, the area was re-configured by the landscape architects RMJM and the statue of Sir Walter Raleigh (q.v.) removed to Greenwich.[416] | — | |
Brigade of Gurkhas Memorial | Statue | Horse Guards Avenue | 1997 | Philip Jackson after Richard Reginald Goulden | Cecil Denny Highton | Unveiled 3 December 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II. Modelled on a 1929 sculpture by Goulden in the Foreign Office. The Hong Kong Handover transferred the Gurkhas' headquarters to the United Kingdom, which until that point had no memorial to the brigade.[417] | — | |
Royal Tank Regiment Memorial | Sculptural group | Whitehall Court | 2000 | Vivien Mallock after George Henry Paulin | Christopher Rainsford for HOK International | Unveiled 13 June 2000 by Queen Elizabeth II. The group depicts the five-man crew of a World War II-era Comet tank; it is an enlarged version of Paulin’s statuette of 1953 in the Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset. Mallock’s husband had been an officer in the RTR in the 1960s.[418] | — | |
Monument to the Women of World War II | Plinth with reliefs | Whitehall |
2005 | John W. Mills | Giles Quarme | Unveiled 9 July 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II. Around the plinth are reliefs of servicewomen’s clothing and protective costumes, appearing as if they have been hung up at the end of a working day.[419] | — | |
Memorial to victims of the 2002 Bali bombings | Memorial | Horse Guards Road, rear of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office |
2006 | Martin Cook | Gary Breeze | Unveiled 12 October 2006, the fourth anniversary of the bombings, by the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall. The memorial consists of a granite globe carved with 202 doves for each of the individuals killed in the bombings, and a wall inscribed with their names.[420] | — |
Works formerly in the borough
This section does not include works which were intended to be temporary installations, such as those on the Fourth Plinth at Trafalgar Square.
Image | Title / individual commemorated | Type | Former location | Date | Artist | Architect / Masons | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Charing Cross |
Commemorative cross | Charing Cross | 1291– c. 1294 |
Alexander Abingdon | Richard of Crundale and Roger of Crundale | The costliest and most elaborate of the Eleanor crosses marking the sites where the Queen's funeral cortège rested on the way to her burial at Westminster Abbey. The master mason Richard of Crundale died in 1293, after which the work was taken up by his brother Roger. The cross was destroyed under the orders of Parliament in 1647.[421] | |
George I | Equestrian statue | Leicester Square | 1722 | c.John Nost the Elder | |
A gilded lead replica of Nost's bronze equestrian statue, erected in Dublin in 1722 and now outside the Barber Institute, Birmingham. The horse was cast from Le Sueur's Charles I at Charing Cross. Purchased at the Cannons sale of 1747 and installed in the Square the following year. From the 1780s the statue was neglected and frequently vandalised; by the late nineteenth century only the horse remained, which was sold for £16.[422] | |
George I | Equestrian statue | Grosvenor Square | 1722 | c.John Nost the Elder | |
Also of lead, this was probably from the same model as the Leicester Square statue. Bought from Nost's workshop by Sir Richard Grosvenor in 1725.[423] | |
Prince William, Duke of Cumberland | Equestrian statue | Cavendish Square | 1770 | Sir Henry Cheere, 1st Baronet | |
Cheere produced a bronzed lead statuette of the Duke of Cumberland (now in the National Army Museum) in around 1745. In 1770 a full-scale statue differing slightly from this model was erected in Cavendish Square; it was removed in 1868 and melted down.[424] In the summer of 2012 a replica made of soap by the Korean artist Meekyoung Shin was installed on the plinth (still in situ) and allowed to erode over the course of a year.[425] The display was later extended by a further six months to the end of 2013 and another version was installed in the grounds of the South Korean National Museum of Contemporary Art.[426] | |
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | Equestrian statue | Wellington Arch, Hyde Park Corner | 1840–6 | Matthew Cotes Wyatt | Decimus Burton | Wyatt’s statue was installed on the Wellington Arch on 30 September 1846. It was regarded as a failure on aesthetic grounds and its gigantic size – 30ft high and 26 ft wide – was felt to be excessive for the commemoration of a single individual. It was removed to the military town of Aldershot, Hampshire, when the arch’s orientation was changed in 1883.[427] | |
Sir James McGrigor | Statue | Atterbury Street, Millbank (1909–2003) | 1865 | Matthew Noble | |
Unveiled 18 November 1865 at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. Moved in 1909 to the newly built Royal Army Medical College, which became the Chelsea College of Art and Design in 2003. The statue was then relocated to the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst.[428] | |
Mermaid Fountain | Sculpture incorporating a birdbath | Hyde Park | 1897; 1975 (replica) | William Robert Colton (original) | |
The Art Nouveau original was replaced by a replica in concrete in 1975. At some point the figure acquired the name "Little Nell", which does not appear in earlier sources. This in turn disappeared in 2011.[429] | |
Sir Walter Raleigh | Statue | Raleigh Green, Whitehall | 1959 | William McMillan | |
Unveiled 28 October 1959 by the US Ambassador John Hay Whitney.[430] Moved to a site outside the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich in 2001,[431] as it was out of scale with the statues of Lords Montgomery, Slim and Alanbrooke which had since been erected on the green.[432] | |
Stag | Sculpture | Stag Place, now Cardinal Place, Victoria | 1963 | Edward Bainbridge Copnall | Howard, Fairbairn & Partners | A late addition to the complex, the sculpture was intended to recall the Stag Brewery which had stood on the site. Removed in 1997 to the Kent Millennium River Walk, Maidstone.[433] | |
Techtonic II | Sculpture | Opposite the entrance to Tower Three, London School of Economics | 1984 | Haydn Llewellyn Davies | — |
Part of Louis Odette’s 2005 bequest of sculptures to the LSE.[6] As of 2013 the sculpture is no longer at this location. | |
One Nation Under CCTV | Mural | Newman Street, Fitzrovia | 2008 | Banksy | |
To produce this work Banksy erected and dismantled three storeys of scaffolding without being observed, despite the site being behind a tall fence and in full view of a CCTV camera.[434] Westminster Council destroyed the work as an example to graffiti artists.[435] |
See also
- List of architectural sculpture in the City of Westminster
- Burials and memorials in Westminster Abbey
- Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster
- Grade II* listed buildings in the City of Westminster (A–Z)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ward-Jackson 2011, p. xix
- ↑ "Statues and Monuments in Westminster: Guidance for the Erection of New Monuments Supplementary Planning Document". Department of Planning and City Development, City of Westminster. pp. 21 and 23. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ↑ "City of Sculpture". City of Westminster. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ↑ "Strand Conservation Area General Information Leaflet". Westminster City Council Department of Planning and City Development. May 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ Bradley & Pevsner 2003, p. 365
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 120–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 252–4
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 258–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 263–4
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 254–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 265–7
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 104–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 267–9
- ↑ "Salutation – Ralph Hicks". City of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- ↑ Seebohm, Caroline (2011). Edwina Sandys: Art. New York: Glitterati Incorporated. p. 168.
- ↑ "New penguin on the block". London School of Economics. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ↑ "Bayswater Conservation Area General Information Leaflet". Westminster City Council, Department of Planning and City Development. October 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ "Monument: St John’s Hyde Park WW1 Memorial". Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ "Monument: Memorial Cross at Lancaster Gate". London Remembers. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
- ↑ "Cawthra, Joseph Hermon (1886–1971) Sculptor". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
- ↑ "Belgravia Conservation Area General Information Leaflet". Westminster City Council, Department of Planning and City Development. May 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 101
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 238
- ↑ "Chesham Place". London Gardens Online. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ↑ "The Chancery and the Ambassador's Residence". Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, London. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ↑ "Vitruvian man". London Remembers. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ↑ Asprey & Bullus 2009, p. 26
- ↑ Asprey & Bullus 2009, p. 91
- ↑ "Appeals: Mozart Bicentenary Statue Appeal". The Independent. 15 May 1993. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ↑ Matthews 2012, p. 143
- ↑ "Memorial: Start of the third Millennium in Belgrave Square". London Remembers. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ "Discurso do Presidente da República por ocasião da Inauguração da Estátua do Infante D. Henrique (Versão em Inglês)". Presidência da República Portuguesa. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ↑ "Estátua do Infante de Sagres". Igogo. Retrieved 24 October 2012. (Portuguese)
- ↑ "Embassy of Portugal in the United Kingdom". Governo de Portugal. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
- ↑ Mace 2005, p. 23
- ↑ White, Jerry (2011). London in the Nineteenth Century: ‘A Human Awful Wonder of God’. Random House. p. 101. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ "Charing Cross". Oxford Index. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ↑ Carter, Philip. "Trafalgar Square in history". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ↑ Mace 2005, p. 111
- ↑ "Public art in London". Museum of London blog. Museum of London. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 288–91
- ↑ "Drawing". British Museum Collection Database. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 291–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 293–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 278–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 280–1
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 281–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 282
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 283–4
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 257
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 258
- ↑ English Heritage. "Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross (1236708)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 284–7
- ↑ "John Law Baker fountain". London Remembers. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ↑ "St Martin-in-the-Fields Churchyard". London Gardens Online. London Parks & Gardens Trust. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 245–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 299–300
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 300−3
- ↑ "Bust of Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope by Franta Belsky". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ↑ Webb, Brian; Skipwith, Peyton (2009). David Gentleman: Design. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club. pp. 76–7.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 Ovenden 2013, p. 249
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 4–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 248–9
- ↑ "Andrew Motion Poem with lettering designer Tom Perkins". Modus Operandi Art Consultants. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ↑ "Saint Martin-in-the-Fields Church, London, 2004 ongoing". Modus Operandi Art Consultants. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ↑ "Two die in gap year accidents". BBC News. 28 October 2004. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ↑ "Covent Garden Conservation Area General Information Leaflet". Westminster City Council, Department of Planning and City Development. May 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 10
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, 249
- ↑ "Agatha Christie memorial". Ben Twiston-Davies Sculpture. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ↑ Flood, Alison (10 August 2012). "Agatha Christie memorial to be erected". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 45–6
- ↑ Speel, Bob (2011). "Sculpture of the Month – October 2011 – The Diana Fountain, Green Park". Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Ovenden 2013, p. 243
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 48
- ↑ Connolly, Jocelyne. "The Canadian War Memorial Part 3: Public interaction". Art and Architecture. Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 11 April 2004.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 36
- ↑ "Drinking Fountain Competition". The Royal Parks Foundation. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- ↑ Rayner, Gordon (28 June 2012). "RAF Bomber Command Memorial: After 67 years, the sacrifice of 55,000 airmen is honoured". The Telegraph. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- ↑ "History and Architecture". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ "Landscape History". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 82.3 82.4 "Press Factsheets – Monuments in Hyde Park". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ↑ English Heritage. "The Achilles Statue (off Park Lane to North of Hyde Park Corner Screen) (1231393)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "St George’s Hospital and Attached Drinking Fountain (1277491)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "The Boy and Dolphin Fountain, Rose Garden, Hyde Park (1251181)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Westminster Precinct Conduit House Memorial at North Head of the Dell (1356753)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 181–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 88–91
- ↑ Garrihy, Andrea (2004). "Gleichen, Lady Feodora Georgina Maud (1861–1922)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 92
- ↑ "A history of the Quadriga, Wellington Arch". Rupert Harris Conservation. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 "Adrian Jones (1845–1938), sculptor and artist". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 94–6
- ↑ Williamson, Philip; Baldwin, Edward, eds. (2004). Baldwin Papers: A conservative statesman 1908–1947. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780521580809. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
- ↑ "Epstein, Sir Jacob (1880–1959) Knight sculptor". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 96–100
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 85–7
- ↑ "Norwegian War Memorial (London)". Wikimapia. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ↑ "Garden in London's Hyde Park is Britain's Holocaust Memorial". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 28 June 1983. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 87
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 100–1
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 "Timeline: Diana memorial fountain". BBC News. 2 November 2005. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 185–6
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 101–4
- ↑ "Hyde Park – 7 July Memorial". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ↑ Ibrahim, Magda (8 September 2009). "Isis sculpture unveiled in London's Hyde Park". Horticulture Week. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ↑ "Isis". The Royal Parks Foundation. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ↑ Low, Valentine (24 September 2009). "£30,000 Hyde Park fountain aims to sink bottled water craze The Hyde Park fountain". Polaris Institute. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ↑ "Freeman Family Drinking Fountain". Royal Parks Foundation. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ↑ "Michael Freeman". The Royal Parks Foundation. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ↑ "Tallest Free-Standing Bronze in London to Be Installed on Tuesday". ArtDaily. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ↑ Gayford, Martin (28 September 2010). "It's the location of Anish Kapoor's 'Sky Mirror' that counts". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ↑ 113.0 113.1 "Press Factsheets - Monuments in Kensington Gardens". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
- ↑ "Jenner statue". London Remembers. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ↑ Banerjee, Jacqueline (2006). "The Italian Garden in Kensington Gardens". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ↑ "Albertopolis: Memorial to the exhibition". architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
- ↑ Banerjee, Jacqueline (2009). "Joseph Durham′s Monument to Prince Albert, in Guernsey". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
- ↑ Banerjee, Jacqueline. "Speke Monument". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
- ↑ 119.0 119.1 F. H. W. Sheppard (General Editor) (1975). "Albert Memorial: The memorial". Survey of London: volume 38: South Kensington Museums Area. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 244
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 246
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 249
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 242
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 222
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 226
- ↑ Brooks 2000, pp. 226–9
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 255
- ↑ Brooks 2000, p. 305
- ↑ "Photograph: Figure of Faith". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ↑ Speel, Bob. "James Frank Redfern (1838–1876)". Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ↑ Brooks 2000, pp. 218–9
- ↑ English Heritage. "Statue of Lord Napier of Magdala in Centre of Roadway at North End Next to Kensington Road (1265357)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ "Artist: Eleonora Aguiari". London Transport Museum. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ↑ Brown, Stephanie (2007). G. F. Watts, Physical Energy, Sculpture and Site. Studies in the Art of George Frederic Watts. Compton, Surrey: Watts Gallery. pp. 15–37.
- ↑ "Peter Pan statue – a piece of Neverland". The Royal Parks. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ↑ "Kensington Gardens". Secret London. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ↑ Furlong, David (2010). "London′s Holy Wells". Sacred Sites. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ↑ "The Arch by Henry Moore". The Royal Parks Foundation. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
- ↑ "Serpentine Gallery, Kensington Gardens, London". Peter Coates. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
- ↑ "About us". Serpentine Gallery. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
- ↑ "Trumpet Drinking Fountain". The Royal Parks Foundation. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
- ↑ "Robin Monotti Architects Win Tiffany & Co & Royal Parks Drinking Fountain Competition". Robin Monotti Architects. 7 November 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
- ↑ Greenacombe, John, ed. (2000). "Knightsbridge North Side: Parkside to Albert Gate Court: Albert Gate". Survey of London: volume 45: Knightsbridge. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ↑ Greenacombe, John, ed. (2000). "Knightsbridge North Side: Parkside to Albert Gate Court: West of Albert Gate". Survey of London: volume 45: Knightsbridge. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ↑ "Hyde Park Gates". Inspired Metal. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ↑ "Search for Enlightenment unveiled at One Hyde Park". Candy & Candy. 24 January 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Echo". Charles Hadcock FRBS – Sculptor. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ↑ "St Marks WW1 cross". London Remembers. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ↑ "Maida Vale, Westminster, London". Plan Projects. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ "CV". Julian Wild: Sculpture. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 180
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 24–5
- ↑ "Garden of Rest Marylebone". London Gardens Online. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
- ↑ English Heritage. "William Pitt Byrne Memorial Fountain (1357249)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ "William Pitt Byrne". Plaques of London. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Hamilton Memorial Drinking Fountain (1248617)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 167
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 149
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 228–30
- ↑ English Heritage. "Statue of Quintin Hogg (in Centre of Road Opposite North End of Broadcasting House) (1226993)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, 13–4
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 276
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 231–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 154–5
- ↑ 165.0 165.1 "Oxford Circus station". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ↑ "Tile Gazetteer – London". Tiles and Architectural Ceramics Society. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
- ↑ "The Portland unveils a new impressive hospital façade". The Portland Hospital Blog. Portland Hospital for Women and Children. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ↑ Sinclair, Mark (March 2013). "Mosaics, motifs and enamelled steel". Creative Review 33 (3): 44–8.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 28
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 238
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 42–4
- ↑ Horrocks, Peter. "The Statue of Sherlock Holmes at Baker Street Station". The Sherlock Holmes Society of London. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 150
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 233–4
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 160
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 159–60
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 250
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 60–1
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 7–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 239–40
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 14
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 140
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 54–6
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 18
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 222
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 57
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 58–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 62
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 9–10
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 8–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 38
- ↑ "Silence by Tadao Ando and Blair Associates". Dezeen. 14 July 2011. Retrieved 28 June 1013.
- ↑ Fulcher, Merlin (6 July 2011). "Tadao Ando completes 'Silence' fountain in Mayfair". The Architects’ Journal. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 60
- ↑ "Ronald Reagan statue unveiled at US Embassy in London". BBC News. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ↑ Birchall, Heather (September 2003). "The Rescue of Andromeda by Henry C Fehr". Tate Online. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ↑ Birchall, Heather (February 2002). "Sir John Everett Millais by Sir Thomas Brock". Tate Online. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 157
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 157–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 159
- ↑ "The Big 4 so far". The Big Art Project. Channel 4. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ↑ "Search for Enlightenment". Candy & Candy. 9 October 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ Gudgeon, Simon. "Search for Enlightenment". Simon Gudgeon. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ↑ "Léon Joseph Chavalliaud". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951. University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII. 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ↑ Matthews 2012, pp. 165–6
- ↑ "St Mary Magdalene Church WWI". UK National Inventory of War Memorials. Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ↑ ViewFinder - Image Details Accessed 14 October 2011
- ↑ Compton, Ann (2005). The Sculpture of Charles Sargeant Jagger. British Sculptors and Sculpture. London: Lund Humphries. p. 40.
- ↑ "St Mary's Hosptial – WW2 Gates". UK National Inventory of War Memorials. Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ↑ "Paddington Boy Scouts WW2". UK National Inventory of War Memorials. Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
- ↑ "Isambard Kingdom Brunel". UKattraction.com. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ↑ Matthews 2012, pp. 164–5
- ↑ 213.0 213.1 213.2 213.3 213.4 "Public art at PaddingtonCentral". PaddingtonCentral. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ↑ "Timeline of Events". Paddington Bear: The Official Website. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ↑ Matthews 2012, p. 165
- ↑ 216.0 216.1 216.2 "Paddington Central, Westminster, London". Plan Projects. Plan Art. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ "Lock, Level, Line". Futurecity. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- ↑ Brown, Matt (15 May 2013). "Seacole, Turing, Bond And Paddington Commemorated With New Park Sculptures". Londonist. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ Bloy, Marjorie (2011). "William Huskisson (1770–1830)". A Web of English History. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
- ↑ Bradley & Pevsner 2003, p. 781
- ↑ "St Saviours Parishioners WW1 and WW2". UK National Inventory of War Memorials. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ↑ "Gallery 1". William Fawke ARBS. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ↑ "Ship Ahoy! 1". Secret London. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ↑ Jury, Louise (20 August 2010). "Roller skate sculpture rolls with it in Pimlico". Evening Standard. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ↑ "Queen Mary's Gardens". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ "Grove House/Nuffield Lodge, papers". Access to Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ "Constance Fund, 1944–". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951. University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII. 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Bronze Eagle Statue, Queen Mary’s Gardens (1375640)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ 229.0 229.1 229.2 229.3 229.4 "Press Factsheets - Monuments in The Regent's Park". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
- ↑ English Heritage. "The Hylas Fountain in Formal Garden to East of and on Axis of Entrance Front of St John’s Lodge (1277418)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ↑ Brown, Elliott. "London Zoo - statue by Henri Teixeira de Mattos - Plaque". Flickr. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Lost Bow Statue, Queen Mary’s Gardens, Regent’s Park (1375638)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Mighty Hunter Statue, Queen Mary’s Gardens (1375639)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ 234.0 234.1 234.2 Amos; Jack. "ZSL architecture". Zoological Society of London. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
- ↑ Banerjee, Jacqueline (2011). "The Goatherd's Daughter, by Charles Leonard Hartwell (1873–1951)". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Details from listed building database (1375637)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ↑ "A Short History of Pooh and Winnie". Pooh Corner. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ↑ "Sculpture: Anne Sharpley". London Remembers. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ Matthews 2012, p. 175
- ↑ Appleby, M. A. (8 December 2011). "Winnipeg author sheds new light on Winnie-the-Pooh". CBC Manitoba. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ↑ "Plaque: Garden restoration". London Remembers. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ↑ "Sculpture: Anne Lydia Evans". Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ ""The Awakening"". Regents Art Foundation. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ Todisco, Patrice (22 March 2013). "St. John’s Lodge: The Secret Garden". Landscape Notes. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ "Dung beetles". Wendy Taylor: Sculptor. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ↑ "Lord Paul's bust unveiled in London Zoo". Times of India. 18 February 2002. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
- ↑ Hunkin, Tim. "London Zoo Tropical Aviary Clock". timhunkin.com. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Statue of William III (in centre of Square) (1235855)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 385–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 32–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 133–4
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 388–90
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 240
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 390–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 393–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 395–8
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 261
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 398–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 399–400
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 20–1
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 125–31
- ↑ "Royal Marine National Memorial". UK National Inventory of War Memorials. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 133
- ↑ 264.0 264.1 Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 132
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 136–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 139–40
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 401–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 403–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 405–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 179
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 219
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 221–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 150–2
- ↑ 274.0 274.1 Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 19–20
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 220–1
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 141–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 143–4
- ↑ "Police Memorial Trust". National Police Officers Roll of Honour. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 244–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 243–4
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 105–6
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 144–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 146–7
- ↑ "At long last, a statue of the man who won the Battle of Britain". Financial Times. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ↑ "Jools Holland Tunes Up The New Tiffany Fountain At Pelican Rock, St James's Park". The Royal Parks Foundation. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ Conservation Area Audit: St John's Wood. Westminster City Council. 16 June 2008. p. 18.
- ↑ "Illustrated London News 1903". Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ "The Edward Onslow Ford Monument, Abbey Road, London". Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Grace Gates at Lord's Cricket Ground (1246985)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ↑ "Father Time – biog". Lord's: The Home of Cricket. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- ↑ "Lord's Cricket Ground second grandstand, site of". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Relief Sculpture at Lords Cricket Ground (1271512)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ↑ Asprey & Bullus 2009, 16
- ↑ Minogue, Tim. "Soho, farewell then?..". Cornerstone. Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ↑ Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1963). "Golden Square Area: Golden Square Garden". Survey of London: volumes 31 and 32: St James Westminster, Part 2. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ↑ Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1966). "Leicester Square Area: Leicester Estate". Survey of London: volumes 33 and 34: St Anne Soho. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ↑ "Leicester Square". The Georgian Index. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ↑ 298.0 298.1 Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 116–7
- ↑ Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1966). "Leicester Square, West Side: Leicester Estate: Nos 43-54 Leicester Square". Survey of London: volumes 33 and 34: St Anne Soho. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ↑ Thornbury, Walter (1878). "Leicester Square". Old and New London: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ McNab, Andrew. "35 St Martin′s Street". isaacnewton.org. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ↑ Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1963). "The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain". Survey of London: volumes 31 and 32: St James Westminster, Part 2. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ↑ Cheshire, D. F. "The Irving Memorial". The Irving Society. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 118–9
- ↑ "Chinese lions". London Remembers. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ "Ode to the West Wind". London Mural Preservation Society. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ↑ "Spirit of Soho Mural". London Remembers. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ↑ Bradley & Pevsner 2003, p. 674
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, 50–1
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, 51
- ↑ "Statue of Marshall Foch". Your Archives. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ↑ "Edward Bawden CBE, RA: Queen Victoria". Fry Art Gallery. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 30
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 409–10
- ↑ Bradley & Pevsner 2003, p. 739
- ↑ "Chalice". William Pye: Water sculpture. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 31–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 16–7
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 53–4
- ↑ "Cypher". Morgan Sculpture. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 17
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 17–8
- ↑ "Catherine Anne Laugel: Commission work". Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 305
- ↑ "Victoria Embankment Gardens: Main Garden, Whitehall Garden, Temple Gardens, Ministry of Defence". London Gardens Online. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 316–21
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 340–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 311–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 308–10
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 313–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 306
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 320
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 321–3
- ↑ Jackson, Paul. "William Tyndale: Victoria Embankment Gardens". The Tyndale Society. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, 326–7
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 328–30
- ↑ Ward-Jackson, pp. 330–1
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 332–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 336–7
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 339
- ↑ Matthews 2012, p. 49
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 344–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 346
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 347–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 351–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 349
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 350–1
- ↑ "Anglo-Belgian Memorial". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 10 October 1920.
- ↑ Matthews 2012, p. 51
- ↑ Ward-Jackson, Philip. "Royal Air Force Memorial". Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 359–60
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 361–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 362–3
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 363–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 365–6
- ↑ "Robyn Denny: Chronology". Laurent Delaye Gallery. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 366–7
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 367–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 369–70
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 337–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 371
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 372–5
- ↑ "Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret's Church". UNESCO. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 187
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 188
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 189
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 190–2
- ↑ "Richard Coeur de Lion conservation work". UK Parliament. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ↑ Walford, Edward (1878). "Westminster: King St, Great George St and the Broad Sanctuary". Old and New London: Volume 4. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ↑ "Broad Sanctuary". Gardenvisit.com. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ↑ English Heritage. "Buxton Memorial Fountain, Victoria Tower Gardens (1066151)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 192
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 195–7
- ↑ "Noble, Matthew (bap. 1817, d. 1876), sculptor". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 200–3
- ↑ Hall, James (2003). "Auguste Rodin, The Burghers of Calais". In Verdi, Richard. Saved! 100 years of the National Art Collections Fund. Scala. pp. 128–133.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 377–80
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 172
- ↑ "Oliver Cromwell Statue". Public Art Around the World. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ↑ "St Johns parishioners – WW1". UK National Inventory of War Memorials. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ↑ "The statue of Abraham Lincoln in Parliament Square". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ↑ 382.0 382.1 Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 206–10
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 382–4
- ↑ Speel, Bob. "Parliament Square through to Victoria Tower Gardens". Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ↑ "Knife Edge Two Piece 1962-65 (LH 516)". The Henry Moore Foundation. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ↑ Bailey, Martin (17 October 2011). "Who owns this damaged masterpiece by Henry Moore?". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ "Henry Moore sculpture to join Parliamentary Art Collection". UK Parliament. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ Howard, Philip (2 November 1973). "Resolute and defiant as ever, Churchill's statue is revealed". The Times.
- ↑ "Winston Churchill's statue 'had a look of Mussolini'". The Daily Telegraph. 1 January 2004. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 177
- ↑ "Queen unveils memorial to victims of violence". The Herald. 11 October 1996. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ↑ "Celebrating the Diamond Jubilee with 10 royal London locations – 8. Golden Jubilee memorials…". Exploring London. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ↑ "London Mandela statue for Parliament Sq". BBC News. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- ↑ Skinner, Rob (December 2009). "Mandela: A Critical Life". Reviews in History. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ↑ "Lloyd George statue 'is a disgrace'". The Independent. 26 October 2007. Retrieved 30 September 201.
- ↑ "Horse Guards". Secret London. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 413
- ↑ Crellin, Sarah (2004). "Jones, Adrian (1845–1938)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ↑ "Naked man who climbed statue of Duke of Cambridge had 'psychotic episode'". The Telegraph. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 212
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 108–11
- ↑ "The Cenotaph". Veterans UK. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 67–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 68–70
- ↑ "Bates, Harry (1850–1899), Sculptor". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ↑ 406.0 406.1 English Heritage. "Royal Naval Division War Memorial (1392454)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ↑ "Royal Naval Division Memorial". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ↑ 408.0 408.1 Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 72–4
- ↑ English Heritage. "Statue of Lord Kitchener (1231295)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ↑ "Ledward, Gilbert (1888–1960) Sculptor". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ↑ Watkins, Nicholas (2008). "A Kick in the Teeth. The equestrian monument to 'Field Marshal Earl Haig, Commander-in-Chief of the British Armies in France 1915-1918' by Alfred Hardiman". Henry Moore Institute. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
- ↑ "Hardiman, Alfred Frank (1891–1949), sculptor". Your Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 423–5
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 77–9
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 425–6
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 426–8
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 66–7
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 430–2
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 428
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 79–80
- ↑ Gater, G. H.; Wheeler, E. P., eds. (1935). "The statue of Charles I and site of the Charing Cross". Survey of London: volume 16: St Martin-in-the-Fields I: Charing Cross. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 112
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, p. xx
- ↑ National Art Collections Fund (1992). Annual Report. pp. 97–8.
- ↑ Leslie, Ellen (19 March 2013). "Butcher Cumberland Comes Clean!". Building Stories. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ Gowman, Philip (21 July 2013). "Meekyoung Shin shortlisted for Korea Artist Prize 2013". London Korean Links. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. xxv–xxix, 90
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 6–7
- ↑ Speel, Bob (2011). "William Robert Colton (1867-1921)". Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ↑ Blackwood 1989, p. 306
- ↑ "Sir Walter's legacy". BBC. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
- ↑ "12 April 1999". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) (House of Lords). col. 501–503.
- ↑ Ward-Jackson 2011, pp. 15–6
- ↑ "Banksy "One Nation Under CCTV"". Hypebeast. 15 April 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
- ↑ "Council orders Banksy art removal". BBC News. 24 October 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
- Bibliography
|
|
External links
Media related to Sculptures in the City of Westminster at Wikimedia Commons
|