Leucanthemum

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Leucanthemum
Leucanthemum vulgare
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Anthemideae
Genus: Leucanthemum
Mill., 1754
Type species
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Species

See text.

Synonyms

Osmitopsis Cass.

Leucanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is mainly distributed in southern and central Europe.[1] Some species are known on other continents as introduced species, and some are cultivated as ornamental plants. The name Leucanthemum derives from the Greek words λευκός - leukos ("white") and ἄνθεμον - anthemon ("flower").

Description

Leucanthemum species are perennial plants growing from red-tipped rhizomes. The plant produces one erect stem usually reaching 40 to 130 centimeters tall, but known to exceed 2 meters at times. It is branching or unbranched and hairy to hairless. Some species have mainly basal leaves, and some have leaves along the stem, as well. Some leaves are borne on petioles, and others are sessile, attached to the stem at their bases. They vary in shape, and some are lobed or toothed.

The flower head is solitary, paired, or in a group of three on the stem. The base of the head is layered with up to 60 or more rough-edged phyllaries. The Leucanthemum head has about 13 to 34 ray florets of various widths, occasionally more, and rarely none. The ray florets are always white but fade pink with age. The head has over 100 yellow disc florets at the center. The fruit is a ribbed, hairless cypsela.[2]

Ecology

Leucanthemum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the bucculatricid leaf-miners Bucculatrix argentisignella, B. leucanthemella, and B. nigricomella, which feed exclusively on Leucanthemum vulgare.

Diversity

As of 2012, there are about 41 species in the genus.[1]

Species include:

  • Leucanthemum adustum
  • Leucanthemum ageratifolium Pau
  • Leucanthemum aligulatum R.Vogt
  • Leucanthemum alpinum Lam.
  • Leucanthemum arundanum
  • Leucanthemum atratum
  • Leucanthemum burnatii Briq. & Cavill.
  • Leucanthemum catalaunicum
  • Leucanthemum catananche (Ball) Maire
  • Leucanthemum ceratophylloides
  • Leucanthemum chloroticum Kerner & Murb.
  • Leucanthemum coronarium – garland chrysanthemum
  • Leucanthemum crassifolium
  • Leucanthemum decipiens Pomel
  • Leucanthemum delarbrei Timb.-Lagr.
  • Leucanthemum depressum (Ball) Maire
  • Leucanthemum discoideum (All.) H.J.Coste
  • Leucanthemum favargeri
  • Leucanthemum gallaecicum Rodr.-Oubiña et S. Ortíz
  • Leucanthemum gaudinii DT.
  • Leucanthemum glabrum
  • Leucanthemum gracilicaule (Dufour) Pau
  • Leucanthemum graminifolium (L.) Lam.
  • Leucanthemum halleri Ducomm.
  • Leucanthemum heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.
  • Leucanthemum integrifolium (Richards.) DC. – entire-leaf daisy
  • Leucanthemum laciniatum Huter, P.& R.
  • Leucanthemum lacustre (Brot.) Samp. – Portuguese daisy
  • Leucanthemum ligusticum[3]
  • Leucanthemum maestracense
  • Leucanthemum margaritae (Gáyer ex Jáv.) Zeleny
  • Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond) DC. – max-chrysanthemum
  • Leucanthemum merinoi Vogt. & Castroviejo
  • Leucanthemum montserratianum R.Vogt
  • Leucanthemum pallens (Gay) DC.
  • Leucanthemum palmatum
  • Leucanthemum pluriflorum Pau
  • Leucanthemum praecox (Harvatic) Harvatic
  • Leucanthemum pujiulae Sennen
  • Leucanthemum subalpinum (Schur) Tzvelev
  • Leucanthemum subglaucum
  • Leucanthemum sylvaticum (Hoffmans & Link) Nyman
  • Leucanthemum tridactylites (Fiori) Bazzich.
  • Leucanthemum valentinum Pau
  • Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. – oxeye daisy
  • Leucanthemum waldsteinii (Sch.Bip.) Pouzar

Hybrid

Gallery

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Greiner, R., et al. (2012). Phylogenetic studies in the polyploid complex of the genus Leucanthemum Mill. (Compositae, Anthemideae) based on cpDNA sequence variation. Plant Systematics and Evolution 298(7), 1407-14.
  2. ↑ Leucanthemum. Flora of North America.
  3. ↑ Melai, M., et al. (2012). A new diploid species of Leucanthemum (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Liguria (northwestern Italy). Phytotaxa 66, 27-37.

External links

Data related to Leucanthemum at Wikispecies Media related to Leucanthemum at Wikimedia Commons

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