Leonard Barden

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Leonard William Barden (born 20 August 1929, Croydon, London) is an English chess master, columnist, author, and promoter. The son of a dustman, he was educated at Whitgift School, South Croydon, and Balliol College, Oxford, where he read Modern History. He learned to play chess at age 13 while in a school shelter during a German air raid. Within a few years he became one of the country's leading juniors.[1]

Playing career

In 1946, Barden won the British Junior Correspondence Chess Championship, and tied for first place in the London Boys' Championship.[1] The following year he tied for first with Jonathan Penrose in the British Boys' Championship, but lost the playoff.[1][2]

Barden finished fourth at Hastings in 1951–52.[1] In 1952, he won the Paignton tournament ahead of the Canadian grandmaster Daniel Yanofsky.[2] He captained the Oxfordshire team which won the counties championship in 1951 and 1952, and in the latter year captained the Oxford University team which won the National Club Championship.[1] In 1953, he won the individual British Lightning Championship (ten seconds a move). The following year, he tied for first with the Belgian grandmaster Albéric O'Kelly de Galway at Bognor Regis, was joint British champion, with Alan Phillips, and won the Southern Counties Championship.[1][2] He finished fourth at Hastings 1957–58.[1] In the 1958 British Chess Championship, Barden again tied for first, but lost the playoff match to Penrose 1½–3½. He represented England in the Chess Olympiads of 1952 (playing fourth board, scoring 2 wins, 5 draws, and 4 losses), 1954 (playing first reserve, scoring 1 win, 2 draws, and 4 losses), 1960 (first reserve; 4 wins, 4 draws, 2 losses) and 1962 (first reserve; 7 wins, 2 draws, 3 losses).[1][3][4]

Barden has a Morphy Number of 3, having drawn with Jacques Mieses in the Premier Reserves at Hastings 1948–49.[5] Mieses drew with Henry Bird in the last round of Hastings 1895,[6][7] and Bird played a number of games with Paul Morphy in 1858 and 1859.[8][9]

Journalism, books

In 1964, Barden gave up competitive chess to devote his time to chess journalism and writing books about the game.[1][2] He has made invaluable contributions to English chess as a populariser, writer, organiser, fundraiser, and broadcaster.[10] He was controller of the British Chess Federation Grand Prix for many years, having found its first sponsor, Cutty Sark. He was a regular contributor to the BBC's Network Three weekly radio chess programme from 1958 to 1963. His best-known contribution was a consultation game, recorded in 1960 and broadcast in 1961, where he partnered Bobby Fischer against the English masters Jonathan Penrose and Peter Clarke. This was the only recorded consultation game of Fischer's career. The game, unfinished after eight hours of play, was adjudicated a draw by former world champion Max Euwe.[11][12]

Barden gave BBC television commentaries on all the games in the 1972 world championship. From 1973 to 1978 he was co-presenter of BBC2's annual Master Game televised programme. As of 2010, his weekly columns have been published in The Guardian for 54 years and in The Financial Times for 35 years. A typical Barden column not only contains a readable tournament report, but is geared toward promoting the game.[13] His London Evening Standard column, begun in summer 1956,[14] is now the world's longest running daily chess column, breaking the previous record set by George Koltanowski in the San Francisco Chronicle. Koltanowski's column ran for 51 years 9 months and 18 days including posthumous articles.[15][16]

Barden has written the books A Guide to Chess Openings (1957), How Good Is Your Chess? (1957), Chess (1959), Introduction to Chess Moves and Tactics Simply Explained (1959), Modern Chess Miniatures (with Wolfgang Heidenfeld, 1960), Erevan 1962 (1963), The Ruy Lopez (1963), The Guardian Chess Book (1967), An Introduction to Chess (1967), The King's Indian Defence (1968), Chess: Master the Moves (1977), Guide to the Chess Openings (with Tim Harding, 1977), Leonard Barden's Chess Puzzle Book (1977) (a collection of his Evening Standard columns), The Master Game (with Jeremy James, 1979), How to Play the Endgame in Chess (1979), Play Better Chess (1980), Batsford Chess Puzzles (2002), and One Move and You're Dead (with Erwin Brecher, 2007).[1][2][17]

Role in "English Chess Explosion"

Barden's most important achievement was his key role in the rapid advance of English chess in the 1970s and 1980s from also-rans to Olympiad silver medal winners.[18] His involvement began in 1971 when he noticed that Tony Miles and Michael Stean were both likely contenders for the biennial 1973 world junior (under-20) championship, but that the only way for a country to have two representatives was to host the event. Barden knew the financier Jim Slater, who offered to co-sponsor the event, which was staged at Teesside. There, Miles and Stean won silver and bronze medals, respectively, and Miles won the title in 1974 when it changed to an annual contest. Slater also agreed to Barden's proposal that he should finance special coaching by Bob Wade for the five best teenage prospects. They all became grandmasters.

In 1972 after Slater saved the Bobby Fischer versus Boris Spassky world championship match from collapse by doubling the prize fund, he offered £5,000 to the first English grandmaster and £2,000 to the next four players to qualify. Barden worked out the detailed terms, and wrote the speech at Hastings where Slater announced the awards. Encouraged by success, Barden and Slater then agreed on a wider programme to stimulate talent at much younger ages, aiming to produce a generation which could compete with the Soviet Union, the world's leading chess nation.

Barden organised weekend junior invitation events at which the best prospects played a tournament and had coaching from masters between games. They were also introduced to top master chess at the annual Evening Standard weekend open and via grandmaster simultaneous exhibitions. The model was the USSR's own programme in the 1930s when future masters scored impressively in exhibitions against José Raúl Capablanca and Salo Flohr during the 1935 and 1936 Moscow tournaments. Very few juniors in the 1970s had international ratings, so Barden compiled his own world ranking lists for every age group from under-18 to under-10, updating the figures at monthly or weekly intervals and posting the results at the invitation events.

Barden read much Soviet chess literature, and in 1974 decided that an 11-year-old named Gary Weinstein was a likely future world champion. His Guardian column of 24 February 1975, headlined "World Champ 1990", made this a specific forecast.[19] It was, by more than a year, the first such prediction by anyone for the future Garry Kasparov.

By summer 1975 Barden believed that Nigel Short, then aged 9, also had world title potential. The simultaneous programme was intensified for Short, who in the next few years played three world champions and several other top grandmasters. Barden also used his columns to promote his juniors, whom some called "the Barden babes". When Short defeated Viktor Korchnoi, the world's second strongest active player, in a 1976 Evening Standard simultaneous the result was announced on that evening's ITN news bulletin.

One purpose of the publicity was to attract more sponsorship, and in summer 1976 Barden secured backing from Lloyds Bank. The bank's chairman, Sir Jeremy Morse, was an eminent chess problemist, and its sponsorship manager, Pat Bowman, liked the concept of the bank financing a serious challenge to Soviet chess supremacy.

The first Lloyds Bank event was a pilot, a London v New York telex match to celebrate the United States bicentennial, in which the American captain agreed to Barden's proposal to include extra under-11 boards, on one of which Short (who lived near Manchester) beat the future US champion Joel Benjamin. By then many juniors were advancing towards master strength, but lacked official FIDE international ratings and titles. So in 1977 the annual Lloyds Bank Masters was launched, modelled on a successful US event at Lone Pine where the best US juniors competed against grandmasters. Barden also organised an all-play-all tournament, the Lord John Cup, where the grandmaster score was sufficiently low that three young English masters – John Nunn, Michael Stean and Jonathan Mestel – all achieved it.

By 1978, when England won the world under-26 championship at Mexico City ahead of the USSR and a group financed by Lloyds Bank performed strongly at Lone Pine, the golden generation was on the way to the Olympiad silver medals achieved in 1984, 1986 and 1988. Barden continued to seek new primary school talent, and in 1980 recognised the exceptional promise of the then 8-year-old Michael Adams. Adams lived in Cornwall, far from the major chess centres, so Barden arranged for a Devon organiser, Ken Butt, to stage an annual Lloyds Bank under-18 international tournament in Plymouth. Adams first played there at age 10, and by 12 missed an international master result by only half a point in his Lloyds Bank Masters debut where, in line with Barden's policy of matching the best talents against top grandmasters, he also performed well in a blitz game against Spassky.

In 1980, George Low wrote in Education magazine:[20]
Mr. Leonard Barden, manager of the junior squad, traces the resurgence of interest to media coverage of the Fischer–Spassky duel eight years ago and its sequel between Korchnoi and Karpov five years later.
In about 1972–73, he recalls, the selectors started casting their nets much wider than the Home Counties grammar schools where the recruiting ground had traditionally been. He and his colleagues looked through the results of a lot more tournaments all over the country. Those who had real talent were encouraged to go in for the National Junior Squad Championships and to enter adult tournaments. They were also given the opportunity to play against adult grandmasters in 'simuls' (simultaneous games involving 20 or 30 boards). Mr Barden now has 500 players on his books in whom he takes an active interest, following their tournament games and writing to suggest alternative strategies in their games.

By the 1980s the "English Chess Explosion" was in full swing, but Barden took a lesser role due to having to care for his mother, who suffered from Alzheimer's Disease. He still spotted talents early, notably Matthew Sadler, who debuted in the Lloyds Bank tournament at 11 and became a leading grandmaster in the 1990s. In 1992 when the British Chess Federation was reluctant to send Luke McShane, then 8, to the world under-10 championship in Duisburg, Barden campaigned for a positive outcome which was rewarded when McShane won the gold medal. In 1988–90, he managed the early programme for David Howell, then 8, who at 16 became England's youngest grandmaster.

In recognition of his efforts, Barden was offered an OBE, but declined it. Brian Walden has written that "Leonard Barden has done more for British chess than anybody since our famous 19th century champion, Howard Staunton."[21]

Chess strength

According to Chessmetrics, Barden's best single performance was at Hastings 1957–58, where he finished fourth behind Paul Keres, Svetozar Gligorić and Miroslav Filip, scoring 5/9 (56%).

Notable games

This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
  • Barden has said that "my favourite game" is his win against Weaver Adams (Black) at Hastings 1950–51:[22]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5 6.d4 Bb4+ 7.c3 Be7 8.Nxf7 Kxf7 9.Qf3+ Ke6 10.Qe4 Bf8 11.0-0 Ne7 12.f4 c6 13.fxe5 Kd7 14.Be2 Ke8 15.c4 Nc7 16.Nc3 Be6 17.Bg5 Qd7 18.Rad1 Rc8 19.Bxe7 Qxe7 20.d5 Qc5+ 21.Kh1 cxd5 22.cxd5 Bd7 23.e6 Bb5 24.Qf4 Kd8 25.Bxb5 Nxb5 26.Nxb5 Qxb5 27.d6 1–0[23]
Barden–Penrose, British Championship 1959[24]
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Be6 13.dxe5 dxe5 14.Ng5 Bd7 15.Nf1 Rad8 16.Qe2 g6 17.Ne3 Bc8 18.a4 c4 19.axb5 axb5 20.Rd1 Rxd1+ 21.Qxd1 Rd8 22.Qe2 b4 23.Rxa5! Qxa5 24.Qxc4 Rf8 25.Nxf7! Kg7 26.Nf5+! gxf5 27.Bh6+ Kg6 28.Bxf8 Bxf8 29.Nh8+ Kh6 30.Qxc8 Kg7 31.Qe6 Qa1+ 32.Kh2 Qxb2 33.Bb3 h5 34.Qf7+ Kxh8 35.Qxf8+ 1–0
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Qf3 cxb5!? 9.Qxa8 Bc5 10.Ne4 Nxe4 11.Qxe4 0-0 12.0-0 Re8 13.Qe2 Bb7 14.Qxb5 Bb6 15.d3 Re6 16.Kh1 Bxg2+ 17.Kxg2 Qa8+ 18.f3 Rg6+ 19.Kh1 Qxf3+ 20.Rxf3 Rg1# 0–1[25]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Anne Sunnucks, The Encyclopaedia of Chess, St. Martin's Press, 1970, p. 20.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Harry Golombek, Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess, Crown Publishers, 1977, p. 25. ISBN 0-517-53146-1.
  3. ↑ Árpád Földeák, Chess Olympiads 1927–1968, Dover, 1979, pp. 201, 204, 220, 222, 289, 292, 313–14, 317. ISBN 0-486-23733-8.
  4. ↑ In a team competition such as the Chess Olympiads, the "first reserve" is the player whose rank on his team is one below the number of players who play in a match (e.g., the number five player in a situation where only four players play in any given match). The first reserve thus only plays in matches where one or more of his team's top players does not participate.
  5. ↑ Barden's comments to Tim Harding, Playing the Morphy Number Game, chesscafe.com, 2010.
  6. ↑ Horace F. Cheshire (editor), The Hastings Chess Tournament 1895, Dover, 1962, pp. 323–24.
  7. ↑ Bird–Mieses, Hastings 1895. ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-02.
  8. ↑ Macon Shibut, Paul Morphy and the Evolution of Chess Theory, Dover, 2004, pp. 234–35, 262. ISBN 0-486-43574-1.
  9. ↑ Morphy–Bird games. ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-02.
  10. ↑ "Much of the credit for attracting and keeping sponsors over the past several years must go to Leonard Barden for the effort he puts into his two columns in nationwide newspapers, The Guardian and The Financial Times." Murray Chandler and Raymond Keene, The English Chess Explosion: From Miles to Short, Batsford, 1981, p. 95. ISBN 0-7134-4009-0. The authors call Barden "the 'guardian' angel of the Swiss circuit". Id. at 71.
  11. ↑ Robert G. Wade and Kevin J. O'Connell, Bobby Fischer's Chess Games (2nd ed. 1973), Doubleday, p. 206. ISBN 0-385-08627-X.
  12. ↑ John Donaldson (chess player) and Eric Tangborn, The Unknown Fischer, International Chess Enterprises, 1999, pp. 67–71. ISBN 1-879479-85-0.
  13. ↑ Chandler and Keene, p. 67.
  14. ↑ J.H. van Meurs (ed.), British Chess Federation Year Book 1956/57, 1956, p. 70.
  15. ↑ Edward Winter, Chess Note 4841. Chesshistory.com. Dated 2007-02-08. Retrieved on 2009-05-30.
  16. ↑ Edward Winter, Chess Note 5267. Chesshistory.com. Dated 2007-11-08. Retrieved on 2009-05-30.
  17. ↑ Author: Leonard Barden. WorldCat.org. Retrieved on 2009-01-05.
  18. ↑ Stuart Milner-Barry wrote in the foreword to The English Chess Explosion: From Miles to Short that the "English chess explosion" occurred because "the fruits were being reaped of the unobtrusive but devoted spade-work in junior training pioneered by Barden, Wade and many others." Chandler and Keene, p. 7. Barden "has been involved in junior training and sponsorship for over a decade, and ... was the first to predict the English chess explosion." Id. at back cover.
  19. ↑ Edward Winter, Chess Note 5783 Talent-spotting. Chesshistorycenter.com. Retrieved on 2009-04-19.
  20. ↑ George Low, "The School Seedbed of Britain's Chess Success", Education magazine, 7 November 1980, reprinted in Chandler and Keene, pp. 116–17.
  21. ↑ Brian Walden, in Leonard Barden, Chess: Master the Moves, Barrie & Jenkins, 1977, p. 5. ISBN 978-0-905703-12-1.
  22. ↑ Terence Tiller (editor), Chess Treasury of the Air, Penguin Books, 1966, pp. 234–36.
  23. ↑ Barden–Adams, Hastings 1950–51. ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-01-05.
  24. ↑ Barden–Penrose, British Championship 1959. ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-01-05.
  25. ↑ Young–Barden, correspondence 1945. ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2009-01-05.

External links

Authority control
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.