Leintwardine

Leintwardine
Watling Street
Leintwardine  Leintwardine shown within Herefordshire
OS grid reference	SO404741
- London	158 miles (254 km)
Unitary authority	Herefordshire
Ceremonial county	Herefordshire
Region	West Midlands
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Craven Arms
Postcode district	SY7
Dialling code	01547 540
Police	West Mercia
Fire	Hereford and Worcester
Ambulance	West Midlands
EU Parliament	West Midlands
UK Parliament	North Herefordshire
List of places UK England Herefordshire

Leintwardine is a large village and civil parish in north Herefordshire, England, close to the border with Shropshire.

Roman Leintwardine

A popular misconception is that the Romans called the village Branogenium. Branogenium in fact refers to a Roman fort roughly ¼ of a mile south of the village. The Roman name for Leintwardine was Bravonium. The High Street in Leintwardine is on the same line as the Roman road known (to the English) as Watling Street. (Confusingly, the modern-day street in the village named Watling Street runs to the east of the actual Watling Street, roughly on the alignment of the eastern edge of the Roman settlement.)

The name Bravonium, as it appears in the Antonine Itinerary (Iter XII), is derived from the Celtic word for quern. This suggests that there was either a hill or rock formation here that looked like a quern, or that there were quern quarries nearby. In the Upper Silurian series, the Leintwardine beds outcrop in the area and these consist of a calcareous sandstone which would have been suitable for making querns of a finer grade than could be obtained from Millstone grit, which was commonly used. Querns of this calcareous sandstone have been found at Viroconium.

It is theorised, by Herefordshire historian Duncan Brown, that Leintwardine performed the role of a trading post and outpost early in the Roman conquest of Britain. It is commonly accepted that a mansio was constructed in Leintwardine. The archaeological excavations at the W. & C.A. Griffiths site prior to the construction of a modern warehouse in the early 1990s discovered Roman baths, which further points to Leintwardine being a "travel lodge" of Roman Britain.

The construction of a rampart in around 170 AD (ranging up to two metres tall), and still visible in places around Leintwardine, is thought by local historians to be the result of one of two events. The argument currently in retreat is that following a local uprising the Romans evicted all locals and constructed a rampart and palisade. The preferred line is that the ramparts were built following widespread local unrest to protect the mansio and the baths, which serviced Roman cavalry forts to the north, south and north-west. There exists a Roman praetorium/principia^[1] one mile southwest of Leintwardine atop Brandon Hill, believed to have contained a storage depot, regimental HQ, latrines and cookhouse. Aerial photographs as early at the middle 1950s showed circular crop marks within the confines of the hill fort. Much of the site's earthworks still exist and Brandon Hill remains an impressive sight.^[1]

Roman forts also existed nearby to Leintwardine at Jay Lane^[2] and Buckton.^[3]

Graves dug in Leintwardine's church, St Mary Magdalene, to a depth of 8 ft show a clear strata level of broken pottery sherds and charcoal, evidence of burning. This is in line with the historical thought that Roman Leintwardine burnt down much like the nearby Roman towns of Magnis, (Kenchester) and Ariconium (Weston-under-Penyard).

Medieval history

Leintwardine is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Lenteurde, and was recorded as being a large settlement for its time.^[4] Its name is apparently derived from the Celtic name for the River Teme – formerly known as the Lent which means simply 'torrent, stream' – coupled with the Old English word 'enclosure', later replaced by wording 'enclosed settlement'. The modern name therefore means 'the enclosed settlement on the River Lent'.

Leintwardine was a hundred at the time of Domesday Book,^[5] which spanned well into present-day Shropshire. It later formed part of the Herefordshire hundred of Wigmore.

Roger Mortimer, the Earl of March, paramour of Edward II's Queen Isabella and usurper of the young Edward III's kingship, founded a collegiate chantry at Leintwardine and built the Mortimer Chapel at the church of St. Mary Magdalene, now known as the Lady Chapel, where prayers could be said for the souls of his family. It was to the chapel that in September and November 1353 Edward III made pilgrimages, laying a cloth of gold at the feet of the statue of the Virgin Mary on the occasion of his September visit.

Geography

The village from Church Hill, in the snow.

The parish is the most northerly in Herefordshire. Neighbouring civil parishes are Adforton, Bedstone (Shropshire), Bromfield (Shropshire), Buckton and Coxall, Burrington, Clungunford (Shropshire), Downton, Hopton Castle (Shropshire), Onibury (Shropshire), and Walford, Letton and Newton.^[6]

To the northwest are the hamlets of Jay and Heath, which formed a township and whilst in the present day form part of the civil parish of Leintwardine, and thus a part of Herefordshire, were regarded as being part of Shropshire until the mid-19th century.

The River Clun flows into the River Teme to the southwest of the village.^[6]

The A4113 road passes through the village, on the alignment of the Roman road. The A4110 road forks off the A4113 just south of Leintwardine. The market town of Ludlow is 8 miles (13 km) away, in Shropshire.^[6]

Destinations from Leintwardine

	Broadward, Hopton Heath	Marlow, Clungunford	Lower Todding, Mocktree
	Jay, Bedstone		Downton on the Rock, Downton
	Leintwardine
	Buckton, Brampton Bryan	Adforton, Wigmore	Burrington, Elton

Modern Leintwardine

Modern Leintwardine has a vibrant community feel so often lost in some modern day villages. Its parish council is active and many interest groups such as the Leintwardine Historical Society exist with active and numerous members. Leintwardine is home to the Conservative MP Philip Dunne, who represents the Ludlow constituency and Leintwardine itself is represented by Bill Wiggin, MP for North Herefordshire.

Amenities in the village

Public amenities in the village include a fire station (Hereford and Worcester Fire and Rescue Service), a primary school, a library, a doctor's surgery, a post office, and a (domestic) recycling centre. There are two churches: one (the historic parish church of St Mary Magdalene) is Church of England/Anglican, the other a Methodist hall. There is also a village hall and neighbouring community centre (combined with the library).

Businesses in the village

W. & C.A. Griffiths: this local family business provides Leintwardine with services including the village's post office, a fuel station, mini-supermarket and car repairs.^[7]

A.H. Griffiths: the family butcher, originally based within Leintwardine, has expanded to the local market town of Ludlow and is famed for its sausages. It is one of the last remaining abattoirs left in this country with its own butcher's shop attached.

The Sun Inn is one of the country's last remaining parlour inns and is one of CAMRA's listed heritage pubs.^[8][9]

Fiddlers Elbow Fish Bar: the only fish and chips takeaway in the parish, situated by the Sun Inn.

The Jolly Frog: on the A4113 just to the northeast of Leintwardine (at Lower Todding) is this specialised fish restaurant.

The Lion: a restaurant and hotel near the River Teme.^[10]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leintwardine.

• Roman Bravonium / Leintwardine
• More Roman info
• More Roman history
• Coracle racing in Leintwardine
• Genuki info on Leintwardine with links
• Parish Council
• Leintwardine in the Domesday Book