Legazpi, Albay

Legazpi City
Component City
City of Legazpi
Seal
Nickname(s): Gateway City of Bicol City of Fun and Adventure
Map of Albay showing the location of Legazpi City
Legazpi City Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 13°08′N 123°44′E / 13.133°N 123.733°E / 13.133; 123.733Coordinates: 13°08′N 123°44′E / 13.133°N 123.733°E / 13.133; 123.733
Country	Philippines
Region	Bicol (Region V)
Province	Albay
District	2nd district
Founded	1616
Cityhood	June 12, 1959
Barangays	70
Government[1]
• Mayor	Noel Rosal
Area[2]
• Total	153.70 km2 (59.34 sq mi)
Population (2010)[3]
• Total	182,201
• Density	1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP code	4500
Dialing code	52
Income class	2nd class; partially urban[2]
Website	www.legazpicity.gov.ph

The City of Legazpi (Bikol: Ciudad nin Legazpi; Spanish: Ciudad de Legazpi) is a component city and capital of the province of Albay in the Philippines. It is the largest city in terms of population in Bicol with a population of 182,201 people^[3] and is the regional and administrative center.

Mayon Volcano, one of the Philippines' most popular icons and tourist destinations, is partly within the city's borders. Legazpi is located on the east or Pacific coast of Albay province, specifically on Albay Gulf. The city comprises two historically distinct districts: Legazpi Port, which was the original site of the pre-Hispanic settlement called Sawangan, and now the city's main business district, and Albay District, which was the administrative headquarters during the Spanish and American colonial periods, and where the city hall and provincial capitol are still located.

Legazpi's nickname is the "City of Fun and Adventure".

Etymology

Legazpi was named after Miguel López de Legazpi, the Spanish conquistador who officially annexed the Philippine Islands to the Spanish Empire in 1565, and whose surname came from a town in Guipuzcoa, Spain.

History

Foundation

Legazpi was originally a fishing settlement called Sawangan that occupied what is now the Legazpi Port, whose inhabitants were mostly fishermen and farmers.

In 1587, Franciscan friars of the Doctrina de Cagsawa began to convert the area's population to Christianity and in 1616, founded a separate parish town a few kilometres inland called Albay. Its first parish priest built a small chapel and established the Misión de San Gregorio Magno de Sawangan. Eventually, Sawangan was absorbed into Albay, which later gave its name to the entire province.

On September 22, 1856, through Royal Decree, the name Legazpi was officially adopted and the settlement was expanded to include the visitas of Lamba, Rawis and Bigaa. The newly expanded and independent town of Legazpi was officially inaugurated on October 23, 1856.

After the eruption of Mayon Volcano on February 1, 1814, Legazpi residents evacuated to Makalaya (now Taysan). At the decree of the Gobierno Superior on October 1, 1829, they were prohibited from establishing another town, leaving them to settle in Taytay (Bagumbayan). In 1818, Sawangan (now called Albay Viejo, 'Old Albay'), was partitioned from Cagsawa and made the capital of Partido de Ibalon (the former name of Albay Province). Some remained in Albay Viejo and established a new settlement around an ermita (hermitage/chapel of ease) dedicated to the Archangel Raphael, whom they adopted as their patron saint after Saint Gregory the Great had been transferred to the new site of Albay.

Having attained economic progress, autonomy and prosperity, Legazpi was declared open to world trade by the Cedula real of May 18, 1872.

Legazpi was first declared a city under the Becerra Law of 1892 by Rona Cantuba Mecayer. The new city comprised the municipalities of Legazpi, Albay Nuevo, and Daraga under the Ayuntamiento de Albay. The first set of officials - Alcalde, Teniente de Alcalde, Sindico, Secretario and Regidores (councilor) - took office in 1898.

Philippine-American War

The city saw heavy fighting during the Philippine-American War and under the leadership of Simeon Ola, Albay was the last province in Luzon to surrender to the American troops in 1904.^[4] A monument in Legazpi Port commemorates Ola's last stand.

American Colonial Era

Following their occupation of the city in 1900, the American colonizers cancelled the Legazpi's city status. In 1908 after the war's conclusion, the Americans split Legazpi into two separate towns, Legazpi Port and Albay District, which became the provincial capital of Albay. In 1922, the town of Daraga was further split from the then municipality of Albay.

World War II

In 1941 and 1942, Japanese troops landed and occupied the city during the Second World War. Throughout the Japanese occupation, Bicolano resistance continued in the hills and mountains south of Legazpi. In January 1945, American and Filipino liberation forces supported by Bicolano guerrillas liberated Legazpi City from the Japanese Imperial Army. However, the city suffered extensive aerial bombardment from US aircraft and many old buildings were destroyed.

Independent Philippines

Legazpi became a city for the second time on July 18, 1948, when Daraga and Legazpi were combined to constitute its territory under Republic Act No. 306; at that time, President Elpidio Quirino commissioned Ma. Leonora Mecayer as the first City Mayor.^[5] But on June 8, 1954, Republic Act No. 993 was approved, recreating the two towns (Daraga and Legazpi) and the city was dissolved.^[6]

Finally, on June 12, 1959, Legazpi became a city for the third time under Republic Act no. 2234.^[7] Amendments were introduced under R.A. 5525.^[8] Presidential Decree 125 issued on February 23, 1973, declared the town of Daraga as part of the territorial jurisdiction of the city.^[9][10] This decree, however, was not implemented with the onset of the Integrated Reorganization Plan, which involved the restructuring of local governments.

Barangays

Legazpi City is politically subdivided into 70 barangays.^[2]

Climate

Legazpi City features a tropical rainforest climate with copious amount of rainfall throughout the course of the year. Legazpi has noticeable wetter and drier periods of the year. However, the city’s driest month, April, still sees on average, over 150 millimetres (5.9 in) of precipitation per year. Similar to many other cities with this climate, temperatures are relatively constant throughout the course of the year, with a mean annual average of 26.9 °C (80.4 °F). Owing to the strength of the northeast monsoon (locally know as the "amihan") and persistent easterly trade winds, Legazpi rarely gets as hot as Metro Manila and temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) are uncommon.^[11] The coolest month is January with a daily mean of 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) and the hottest months are jointly May and June with a daily mean of 28.1 °C (82.6 °F). The all time record high temperature was 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on May 27, 1968 and the all time record low temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on February 28, 1971.^[12]

Climate data for Legazpi
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	32.7 (90.9)	33.7 (92.7)	35 (95)	36.5 (97.7)	37.7 (99.9)	37.6 (99.7)	36.6 (97.9)	36.9 (98.4)	36 (97)	35.3 (95.5)	34.4 (93.9)	33.2 (91.8)	37.7 (99.9)
Average high °C (°F)	28.6 (83.5)	29.1 (84.4)	30.0 (86)	31.3 (88.3)	32.3 (90.1)	32.0 (89.6)	31.5 (88.7)	31.6 (88.9)	31.5 (88.7)	31.0 (87.8)	30.1 (86.2)	29.0 (84.2)	30.7 (87.3)
Average low °C (°F)	22.4 (72.3)	22.2 (72)	23.2 (73.8)	24.2 (75.6)	24.8 (76.6)	24.5 (76.1)	24.2 (75.6)	24.3 (75.7)	24.1 (75.4)	23.8 (74.8)	23.7 (74.7)	23.7 (74.7)	23.2 (73.8)
Record low °C (°F)	17 (63)	13.9 (57)	17 (63)	16.7 (62.1)	17.1 (62.8)	18.9 (66)	15.8 (60.4)	19.4 (66.9)	19.0 (66.2)	17.2 (63)	17.9 (64.2)	16.7 (62.1)	13.9 (57)
Rainfall mm (inches)	296.9 (11.689)	195.6 (7.701)	192.6 (7.583)	151.2 (5.953)	181.3 (7.138)	240.9 (9.484)	239.4 (9.425)	178.3 (7.02)	216.3 (8.516)	264.0 (10.394)	484.6 (19.079)	458.6 (18.055)	3,099.7 (122.035)
Avg. rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)	19	15	15	15	14	16	17	16	17	20	22	22	208
% humidity	79	74	72	68	67	68	78	78	80	81	84	84	70
Mean monthly sunshine hours	155	168	217	240	279	210	186	186	186	180	157	149	2,313
Source #1: PAGASA[13]
Source #2: World Climate Guide (sunshine data).[14]

Demographics

Population census of Legazpi
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1990	121,116	—
1995	141,657	+3.18%
2000	157,010	+2.08%
2007	179,481	+1.93%
2010	182,201	+0.50%
Source: National Statistics Office[3][15]

Religion

The city is the ecclesiastical seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Legazpi with the Cathedral of Saint Gregory the Great (Albay Cathedral) as its church. Like most Filipinos, the vast majority of the city's residents are Roman Catholics.

Economy

Banking

Numerous banks have established several branches in the city. The Legazpi Savings bank which originated from the city is the biggest thrift bank in Bicol. As of December 31, 2013, the city had 38 banks.

Shopping Malls

The city hosts a number of malls.

The oldest is LCC which opened in the late 1980s. LCC is set to open a new shopping center to be called Liberty City Center Mall at the site of Legazpi's old public market.

Pacific Mall which opened its doors in 2001 is the largest in the city. It is the mall with the most locators with over 200 and has Cebu-based Metro Gaisano as its anchor store. The mall is now into its second expansion and this will open sometime in 2014.

A. Bichara Silverscreens opened in 1998 and has three cinemas offering 2D, 3D and most recently 2DXL, the first to do so in the region. The fourth cinema is opening soon. The mall also has SM Savemore as its anchor supermarket.

The Embarcadero de Legazpi is Sunwest Corporations first foray into the mall business. Embarcadero de Legazpi is a premier waterfront development in the Legazpi City harbor, with dining, shopping, and entertainment, as well as attractions like water sports, para-sailing, Jet Ski, paddle boat, water jeep, and even helicopter rides for a panoramic view of Mayon Volcano and the cityscape. Embarcadero also hosts the first Puregold in Bicol.

LKY Group which manages the Legazpi Central Terminal is also entering the mall business with the construction of The Central Legazpi and Bridgeway Mall. It already has SM Savemore as its anchor store.

In the last quarter of 2013, Robinsons Supermarket opened its doors in in Old Albay beside the La Mia Tazza Coffee.

Business Process Outsourcing

The city currently has two IT park—the Embarcadero de Legazpi and the Legazpi Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Park that are both highly conducive for outsourcing businesses.The two facilities offer about 8,000 call center seats that could provide jobs to some 24,000 agents in three-shifts. Pioneering the business in the city is the Incubation Center of Southern Luzon Technological College Foundation Inc. (SLTCFI) which is an extension of Embarcadero’s P1.8-billion IT Park, the very first IT ecozone in the Bicol region inaugurated in July 2009.

Places of interest

• The Albay Park and Wildlife, located along Binitayan Road, is a picnic grove and a zoological park combined.
• Camp Simeon A. Ola is the seat of the Police Regional Office 5 for the Bicol Region. Named after the General Simeon Ola, a hero during the Philippine Revolution, the camp is open to the public as a culture and a heritage park.^[16]
• The Embarcadero is a major waterfront development in Legazpi fronting the main harbor of Legazpi with views towards Mayon Volcano. It consists of retail spaces, restaurants, markets, a major civic space and landmark lighthouse.
• The Japanese Tunnel is an L-shaped tunnel used as an arsenal by the Japanese Imperial Army during the World War II. It measures 40 metres (130 ft) long and around 7 feet (2.1 m) deep below the ground. The tunnel is located in Brgy. EM's Barrio South in the Albay District.^[17]
• Kapuntukan Hill (also known as the Sleeping Lion Hill) is located at the point south of the Port of Legazpi. A scenic view of the Embarcadero, the Legazpi Port District, Albay Gulf with Mayon in the backdrop can be viewed from the top of the hill.^[18]
• The Legazpi City Museum showcases the heritage and culture of the city. It is currently the only public museum in the Bicol Region.
• Liberty Bell is a bronze bell installed in 1945 by the American liberation forces at the Peñaranda Park, in front of Albay Provincial Capitol. It is enclosed with a dome-shaped concrete structure with this inscription, “Whenever oppression knocks at your door, feel free to ring this bell”.^[17]
• Ligñon Hill Nature Park (pron. /li-NYON/), located off Binitayan Road behind Albay Park and Wildlife, is one of the best places to view Mayon Volcano and Legazpi City. This 143-metre (469 ft) high volcanic hill located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi)southeast of the volcano’s summit is the highest location in the downtown area and towers over the adjacent Legazpi Airport. A winding road takes visitors to the observation station on top. The park includes nature trails, ziplines, view decks On the southwestern slope, located is the monitoring station of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) station where any activities of Mayon are monitored.
• The Magayon Art Gallery at the lobby of the Albay Provincial Capitol serves as the avenue for artists to show off their visual creations
• Rizal Park is located in front of Saint Raphael Church on Peñaranda Street It’s dominating features are the fountain located at the center of the park, and the monument of Jose Rizal, the country's national hero, sculpted by National Artist Napoleon Abueva in 1966.
• The Legazpi Boulevard is one of the newest attractions in the city and is poised to become the new industrial commercial strip of the city as well as the site of the new urban district. The Legazpi Boulevard is the second longest boulevard in the country, after Roxas Boulevard in Metro Manila.

Festivals

• The Ibalong Festival is among the renowned non-religious festivals in Bicol, and is celebrated in the month of August. The epic story of Ibalong, a Bicolano legendary hero and other ancient heroes is the theme of the Ibalong Festival. People involved in this clamorous merriment, parade in the streets wearing masks and costumes to imitate the appearances of the heroes and the villains, portraying the classic battles that made its way into the history of Bicol. Continuing the joyful event up to the present time, the Ibalong Festival aims to express warmth and goodwill to all people; visitors and tourists are always encouraged to celebrate with the Bicolanos.

However, the present location of the ancient settlement of Ibalong is in Magallanes, Sorsogon.^{[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]}

• Legazpi is also home to the annual Magayon Festival of Albay which is held throughout the month of April.

Monuments

• The Legazpi Heroes Memorial Pylon at the intersection of Quezon and Rizal Streets, is a 16-metre (52 ft) high monument built to commemorate the defeat of Filipino fighters by American forces in 1900. The city went through raids by Dutch and Muslim pirates before the arrival of the Spanish and was the sight of a much bloody battle during the Philippine-American War and World War II.

• The General Simeon Ola statue is located at Bicol Heritage Park located inside the police camp named in his honor, Camp Simeon A. Ola.

• The Jose Maria Peñaranda Monument was built as a tribute to the late Governor of Albay who served from 1834-1843. It is located at the Peñaranda Park.

• The Headless Monument was constructed as a dedication to the unknown heroes who died and shed their blood during the Japanese military occupation of Legazpi City in World War II. The memorial is located within the city's Post Office Compound in Barangay Lapu-Lapu,

Sports and recreation

Legazpi City has two air-conditioned arenas, the Albay Astrodome and the newly renovated Ibalong Centrum for Recreation (ICR). These arenas served as venues for Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) games in the past. Apart from these, other private sports stadiums are located at the Aquinas University, Divine Word College of Legazpi and St. Agnes Academy.

The Bicol/Legazpi Convention Center is proposed to be built in the Legazpi Boulevard.

Media

Philippine Long Distance Telelphone Co (PLDT) Bayantel and Digitel has provides wired telephone/ DSL services . Wi-MAX (4G), 3G/HSDPA / 2G mobile facilities are served by Globe, Smart and Sun Cellular. Tripinvision, ESTV and DCTV provides cable TV services in the city.

TV Stations:

• Channel 4 ABS-CBN
• Channel 6 PBN (TV5 affiliate)
• Channel 8 PTV
• Channel 12 GMA
• Channel 21 SBN/TALK TV
• Channel 23 Studio 23
• Channel 27 GMA News TV

Transportation

Legazpi is the center of transportation in the Bicol Region, being strategically located in the middle of the region, between two other major cities in Bicol and is colloquially considered as the "Gateway to South Luzon". Legazpi also hosts the most modern airports, seaports and transport terminals in the region.

By air

The city is served by Legazpi Airport, which is the busiest Domestic Airport in Luzon and with its runway of 2,280 metres (7,480 ft), it is capable of handling international aircraft. Philippine Airlines has two flights daily while Cebu Pacific Air has three flights each daily from Manila. Cebu Pacific's third flight route is Manila-Legazpi-Cebu which operates 3x a week. Both Cebu Pacific and PAL use Airbus A319s and A320s.

By land

Legazpi can be reached through land transport (by bus) from Manila in about 10 hours, two hours less if the new Andaya Highway route is taken. The city has one of the most modern van and transport terminals in the country. More than 10 bus companies operate daily transport to and from Manila to Legazpi which makes the city very accessible to commuters and tourists alike.

By train

As of March 2012, The 10 1/2-hour Mayon Limited started traveling between Manila and Ligao, about 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Legazpi. That service would extend to Legazpi in 2013.^[26][27]

By water

The Legazpi International Seaport is nearing completion and is set to open in late 2012 or early 2013. It is the second international seaport in Albay, after Tabaco's International Seaport.

Education

Tertiary education

The city has two universities: Aquinas University of Legazpi (AUL),the First Catholic University of Bicol and the sister school of The Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas in Manila, and the state-run Bicol University (BU).

Aside from AUL, and BU, Legazpi is also the host of the following educational institutions:

Divine Word College of Legazpi (DWCL) is a Catholic school of higher learning run by the Society of the Divine Word. The Ago Medical Educational Center Bicol Christian College of Medicine in Albay district is the first and only school of medicine in the Bicol Region. Mariners' Polytechnic Colleges Foundation (MPCF) is the only maritime institute in Legazpi City. SL Technological College Foundation Inc. along Quezon Avenue, is the first in the city to offer business process outsourcing (BPO) services and support.

Manila-based computer schools AMA Computer University and STI College have established branches in the city. Computer Arts and Technological College, formerly CATS, is located on Balintawak Street in the Albay District. Singapore-based Informatics Computer Institute is located on Rizal Street.^[28]

Secondary and primary education

Saint Agnes Academy on Rizal Street was founded in 1912 and is considered as the oldest Catholic school in Albay. It is a sister school of Manila's St. Scholastica's College, which is also established by the Missionary Benedictines Sisters. The school celebrated its centennial year in July 2012.

Another school that offers primary and secondary education is Legazpi Hope Christian School (LHCS), located at St. Vincent Village, Cabangan, Legazpi City. The school caters to the growing Filipino-Chinese community of the city.

Saint Raphael Academy, formerly Saint Raphael Parochial School, on Aguinaldo Street was founded in 1949 by Monsgr. Nicanor B. Bellez and was turned over to the Augustinian Recollect Sisters in 1956. It celebrated its 60th year of existence in the city in 2009.

Aquinas University High School, a sister school of the Pontifical and Royal University of Sto. Tomas, has recently opened its new building in Rawis, Legazpi last June 2012.

Other high school institutions in the city are Legazpi City High School, Cat College, Divine Word High School and SL BPO High School.

Health care

Other Health care institutions in Legazpi providing general care:

• Ago Medical Center
• Ibalong Medical Plaza
• Aquinas University Hospital
• Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
• Estevez General Hospital
• Dr. Esteban Ante Memorial Hospital
• Albay Doctors Hospital

Notable Legazpeños

• Celia Rodriguez - TV & movie actress
• Cindy Kurleto - Actress, VJ, TV Host, TV, Print & Ramp model
• Dina Bonnevie- model, TV and movie actress
• Irene Cortes - former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines / First Female Dean of the UP College of Law
• Melody Gersbach - Binibining Pilipinas-International (2009)
• Merlinda Carullo Bobis - contemporary Filipino writer and academic in Australia
• Janelle Quintana Manahan - teen actress / Best New Female Artist (19th Aliw Awards) nominee
• Roderick Paulate- TV & movie Actor

Sister cities

Local

• Bacolod, Negros Occidental
• Bacoor, Cavite
• Butuan, Agusan del Norte
• Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental

International

• Chōshi, Chiba, Japan
• Legazpi, Spain

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Legazpi City.

• Travel Guide: Legazpi City
• Legazpi City Tourism Council
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Tourist Information Website
• Bicolano Radio Stations Online
• MOR 93.9 FM Legazpi

	Mayon Volcano	Santo Domingo
	Daraga		Albay Gulf Manito
	Legazpi City
	Pilar, Sorsogon		Castilla, Sorsogon

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