Laughing Gull

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Laughing Gull
Laughing Gull in flight
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Laridae
Genus: Leucophaeus
Species: L. atricilla
Binomial name
Leucophaeus atricilla
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Larus atricilla

Breeding plumage
Mating plumage includes black head and red bill.

The Laughing Gull (Leucophaeus atricilla) is a medium-sized gull of North and South America. It breeds on the Atlantic coast of North America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. Northernmost populations migrate further south in winter, and this species occurs as a rare vagrant to western Europe. (There was an influx into North-west Europe in late October 2005 when at least 18, possibly as many as 35, individuals occurred on one day in the UK alone.) The Laughing Gull's English name is derived from its raucous kee-agh call, which sounds like a high-pitched laugh "ha... ha... ha...".
Laughing Gull
Chatham, Massachusetts, April 2002. By Tony Phillips.
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This species is easy to identify. It is 36–41 cm (14–16 in) long with a 98–110 cm (39–43 in) wingspan. The summer adult's body is white apart from the dark grey back and wings and black head. Its wings are much darker grey than all other gulls of similar size except the smaller Franklin's Gull, and they have black tips without the white crescent shown by Franklin's. The beak is long and red. The black hood is mostly lost in winter.

Laughing Gulls take three years to reach adult plumage. Immature birds are always darker than most similar-sized gulls other than Franklin's. First-year birds are greyer below and have paler heads than first-year Franklin's, and second-years can be distinguished by the wing pattern and structure.

Laughing Gulls breed in coastal marshes and ponds in large colonies. The large nest, made largely from grasses, is constructed on the ground. The 3 or 4 greenish eggs are incubated for about three weeks. These are omnivores like most gulls, and they will scavenge as well as seeking suitable small prey.

Like most other members of the genus Leucophaeus, the Laughing Gull was long placed in the genus Larus. The present placement in Leucophaeus follows the American Ornithologists' Union.[2][3]

Various views and plumages

  • definitive alternate plumage

  • Adult in mid-May (definitive alternate plumage)

  • first basic plumage

  • Adult in winter (definitive basic plumage)

  • Juvenile

  • Adult at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (definitive alternate plumage)

  • Vagrant in definitive basic plumage in the UK in late 2005

  • Preparing to land on beach

  • Los Roques Venezuela

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Larus atricilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013. 
  2. ↑ "Check-list of North American Birds". North American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2009-05-26. 
  3. ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr.; C. D. Cadena; A. Jaramillo; M. Nores; J. F. Pacheco; M. B. Robbins; T. S. Schulenberg; F. G. Stiles; D. F. Stot; K. J. Zimmer. "A classification of the bird species of South America". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2009-05-26. 
  • Harrison, Peter (1988). Seabirds : An Identification Guide. Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7470-1410-8. 
  • Field Guide to the Birds of North America (4 ed.). National Geographic Society. 2002. ISBN 0-7922-6877-6. 

External links

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Wikispecies has information related to: Leucophaeus atricilla
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