Laser 558

Laser 558 was an offshore pirate radio station launched in May 1984 by a consortium of business and broadcasting executives. Laser 558 used disc jockeys recruited from the USA. The station was aboard the ship the MV Communicator in international waters in the North Sea. Within months the station had gained a large audience due to its strong signal and format of continuous music mixing current records with oldies. However, an inability to gain advertising starved the station off the air in late 1985. In 1986 an attempt was made to return as Laser Hot Hits, but the same problems arose.

The beginnings of Laser Radio

A London-based car salesman and DJ called John Kenning convinced Philip Smyth, a rich Irish businessman, to fund a new offshore radio station. Kenning recruited Paul Rusling who in turn introduced the project to Roy Lindau, who had previously been involved in Radio Caroline. Lindau was a marketing executive for Major Market Radio, an airtime brokerage owned by Gene Autry. He joined the Laser project in mid-1983 and became president of Laser's sales company Eurad, but left owing to disagreements over control. There were reports that the tobacco giant, Philip Morris, pulled out following pressure from European authorities, although their sponsorship of some programmes continued to be announced.

The team planned an offshore venture with two stations on one ship. The music was initially programmed via satellite from the New York offices of Music Media International. This was scaled down to a single station called Laser after early disagreements on policy. The self-contained radio station was built on a former hydrographic survey vessel, the Gardline Seeker, which was renamed the Communicator. The plan was to use an antenna held aloft by a helium balloon - an inflatable dirigible tethered to the deck.

The conversion work was carried out in autumn 1983 at Tracor Marine in Port Everglades, Florida and the ships sailed via the Azores and Ireland to an anchorage off the Thames Estuary.

Antenna problems

The early days were overshadowed by problems with the balloon lifted aerial. Due to the adverse weather conditions in the North Sea, several balloons were lost. The short-lived transmissions on 729 kHz could be heard in several countries, however could not be heard in London due to a local Radio 4 relay on the adjacent channel of 720kHz. A change to more traditional antenna supports (two masts) and a frequency at the bottom of the band were effected for the station's launch in May 1984 as Laser 558.

Operations

The near non-stop music format, using a strap line "never more than a minute away from music" was in stark contrast to the 50% speech mandate imposed on the UK's commercial radio at the time, and the similar proportion of talk on BBC Radio 1. The lack of advertising on Laser, plus the unique line up of an all-American DJ brigade, resulted in the station attracting a huge audience - BBC research at the time^{[citation needed]} indicated that some four million in the UK and a similar number on the continent were tuning into Laser.

By using only American DJs (it was illegal for British DJs to work on such stations in 1984) and claiming supply tenders ran from Spain, Laser claimed to be 100% legal. Surveillance by the UK authorities revealed that Laser was however being supplied clandestinely from Kent and the UK commercial radio stations campaigned to have Laser and Caroline removed claiming the two radio ships were "stealing their listeners".^{[citation needed]}

Technical information

Laser played most of its music from tape cartridges as the American management wanted to retain control over material broadcast and also thought the stylus on vinyl records would jump in rough seas. The former research lab at the stern of the ship was converted into two broadcast studios plus a newsroom, which contained a Kaypro 4 computer and telex link for communicating with the station's office in New York. This link was achieved initially by a COMSAT installation on the upper deck, which used the Inmarsat birds; it could access regular telephones, although at $15 a minute was an expensive way of getting messages across. Later the ship used a private marine VHF channel back to its Kent base.

The broadcast transmitters were a pair of CSI 25 kilowatt AM transmitters, built in Boca Raton, Florida. Usually only one of these was in use at half power, due to the limitations of tuning components in the antenna. This was an "inverted L" array running up to the top of a 100 feet high fore mast, and then across to a similar construction at the stern of the ship. Coverage was remarkably good with the "commercially marketable" core area of the signal travelling around 140 miles over land, which included most of England, all of Holland and Belgium and much of northern France as far south as Paris.

The audio quality was a little better than most other AM broadcasters heard in western Europe, as the equipment had been set up to modulate with frequencies up to around 8 kHz, whereas the UK for example rolled off treble frequencies at 4.5 kHz. The programme feed was modified by an audio processor made by CRL (Circuit Research Labs) of Arizona, while Radio Caroline (based on another ship nearby) used an Optimod processor.

Other media in the UK ran several stories about who the mysterious owner(s) might be, and the Evening Standard "outed" a BBC TV journalist, Roger Parry, alleging his involvement. While many assumed the station was American owned, it was in fact funded mainly by Philip Smyth, who preferred to remain incognito.

Eurosiege

On 9 August 1985, the UK's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), chartered the Dioptric Surveyor to anchor nearby to monitor Laser and Caroline, at a reported cost of £50,000 a month. It was replaced by the larger Gardline Tracker. This had been chartered from Gardline Surveys, whose history dates back to Grace Darling. Gardline Tracker was a sister ship of the MV Communicator, purchased from Gardline Shipping in Great Yarmouth as the Gardline Seeker.

DJs at Laser made frequent references to the DTI vessel, poking fun at the ship and staff, releasing a parody song titled I Spy For The DTI by the Moronic Surveyors. The term, Euroseige, was coined by disc jockey Charlie Wolf. On one occasion the MV Communicator moved temporarily to a new anchorage away from the MV Ross Revenge only to be followed by the DTI ship, confirming that Laser rather than Caroline was the main target of the DTI.

Business failure

The backers failed to secure the advertising they had hoped. Radio Caroline continued broadcasting and attracted little attention from the DTI. Shortly after the start of Laser558, Radio Caroline began simulcasting with a 5 kW transmitter on 576 kHz, although this channel suffered more interference.

The Last Broadcast

Due to the blockade and lack of funds, the captain of the MV Communicator eventually steamed the vessel into port, escorted by Gardline Tracker, where it was impounded by the Admiralty marshall on behalf of several unpaid creditors, including Gardline Surveys who had sold Laser the ship, and Paul Rusling, its first engineer and coordinator who had sourced the transmitters and paid staff on behalf of the owner. The ship was offered for sale in a blind auction and despite its cost being almost £1million just two years before, was sold for around £35,000. The ship contracted by the UK Government to observe the radio ships off the Thames Estuary, a former sister ship to Laser 558, the Gardline Tracker, returned to sea to keep watch on Radio Caroline for a time, but the monitoring operation came to an end a little more than a month later, on December 12th 1985. (see: "Shiprocked" (Liberties Press 2009) pages 13-16)

The day after Laser's closure, Radio Caroline had moved from 576 to 558 kHz, a much clearer frequency.

Laser Hot Hits

The MV Communicator was bought by East Anglian Productions and left unhindered during restoration work that was carried out in Essex. The ship returned to international waters in late 1986 and on 1 December began test transmissions as Laser Hot Hits using the 576 channel abandoned by Radio Caroline, since Caroline was still using 558. The station resumed broadcasting officially on 7 December.

The ship had twin 25 kW transmitters, but the five wire horizontal array antenna on the ship at that time could only accommodate the use of one of the transmitters at a time. We tested the second TX (transmitter) during the small hours of the morning, but never needed it for regular service.

Laser Hot Hits lasted less time than the original and had much poorer coverage. After losing masts in a storm in January it closed temporarily. The station went off the air in spring 1987.

Aftermath

Charlie Wolf was originally from Boston, Massachusetts, he was working in Salt Lake City, Utah, when he answered an advert in Radio & Records Magazine, a weekly industry paper in the USA. Wolf told friends that he joined for a free trip to London. After Laser's closure he became one of the first DJs on Atlantic 252. He has worked for stations in the GWR Group (now Global Radio). He presented on TalkSport Radio (2000–2006).

Dave Lee Stone, the only DJ to return with a pre-recorded show on Hot Hits on Sundays, died in 1997 after a drinking binge.

Jessie Brandon, who travelled on the MV Communicator from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to Europe, worked for Radio Nova, Capitol Radio and Radio Luxembourg. She returned to the US and worked with Simon Marks's FeatureStoryNews in Washington, DC.

Steve Masters was last heard of working for Voice of America and running a consulting business in the US.

Rick Harris left in 1985 to work on Radio Nova.

Chris Carson (Skelley) went to album Rock KFMH/99 plus in the Davenport/Quad Cities (US) where she worked for a number of years, on air and helping with promotions.

Manager John Catlett went on to consult for Atlantic 252 and manage Radio Luxembourg and Radio Star India. He then was the COO of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. He is now an international broadcasting consultant based in New York City.

MV Communicator

After Laser Hot Hits went off the air, the MV Communicator was again impounded. This time it was stripped of studio equipment, although the transmitters and generators were intact. The ship was sold many times, until the early 1990s, when Holland FM bought the ship and broadcast to that country. Communicator was sold again, to the Veronica Broadcasting Society, which sold it to Quality Radio. The ship was then sold to Dave Miller's The Superstation, broadcasting to the Orkney Isles on 105.4 MHz in 2004.

Miller sold the ship for £1,000. The MV Communicator lies beached near St Margaret's Hope pier in Orkney. Soon after purchase, the generators and the hatch covers were removed, exposing the interior. The mast has been removed and the hull and superstructure have been partially cut up for scrap.

Station Theme

The theme song for Laser 558 and Laser Hot Hits was Thank You For The Music by ABBA.

DJ Themes

Charlie Wolf's theme song was Who's Afraid Of The Big Bad Wolf? by The Three Little Pigs.

Singles

• "I Spy For The DTI", a parody by The Moronic Surveyors, was released on the 23 September 1985 (Farce records 7" single DTI 007, 12" single DTIT 007).
• "Laser Radio", by The Communicators, praising the station, was recorded and written by Laser fans Roger King and Yanni Tsamplakos.
• "Laser Rap" by Jazzy E; recorded for the station's promotional video.

References

Lid Off Laser by Paul Rusling. (Pirate Pubns (Oct 1984); ISBN 0-948055-00-6) Pop Went The Pirates by Keith Skues. (Lambs' Meadow Publications (Mar 1994); ISBN 0-907398-03-0)

External sources

• All Europe Radio Laser558 Tribute
• www.eylard.nl Unique photos from 1984–1985
• The Laser 558 Story
• Offshore Echoes' Laser 558 pages
• Laser Hot Hits Official Website