Lantana camara

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lantana camara
Flowers and leaves
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Genus: Lantana
Species: L. camara
Binomial name
Lantana camara
L.
Synonyms

Lantana aculeata L.[1] Lantana armata

Lantana camara is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, Verbenaceae, that is native to the American tropics.[2][3] It has been introduced into other parts of the world as an ornamental plant and is considered an invasive species in many tropical and sub-tropical areas.[4] Common names include largeleaf lantana,[5] common lantana, kamara lantana, wild sage,[1] red sage, yellow sage, white sage, and shrub verbena.[6]

Habitat and range

The native range of Lantana camara includes Mexico, parts of the Caribbean, Central America, Venezuela, and Colombia.[1] It has become naturalized in tropical and warm regions worldwide.[7] In the Kenyan highlands it grows in many areas that receive even minimal amounts of rainfall. It can be seen in the wild and along footpaths, deserted fields, and farms.[8] West Indian Lantana has been naturalized in the United States, particularly in the Atlantic coastal plains, from Florida to Georgia, where the climate is close to its native climate, with high heat and humidity.[2]

It was introduced into the Philippines from Hawaii through the Makiling Forestry School (now the University of the Philippines Los Baños College of Forestry and Natural Resources), as part of botanical academic exchanges between the United States and the Philippines. It escaped into the wild and has become naturalized in the islands.[9] It is referred to by a number of common names including coronitas ('coronet'), utot-utot ('fart [flower]'), and baho-baho ('smelly [flower]'), the last two referring to its distinctive pungent odor.[10] It has also become a major weed in Sri Lanka after escaping from the Royal Botanic gardens of Sri Lanka in 1926.[9]

Toxicity

L. camara has been reported to make animals ill after ingestion.[7] Its foliage contains pentacyclic triterpenoids that causes hepatotoxicity and photosensitivity in grazing animals such as sheep, goats, bovines,[11] and horses.[12] Livestock foraging on the plant has led to widespread losses in the United States, South Africa, India, Mexico, and Australia.[11] The berries are edible when ripe;[13] and ingestion of unripe berries and other plant parts is not associated with significant human toxicity.[14]

Ecological impact

L. camara is an invasive species and has covered large areas in India, Australia and much of Africa.[15] It colonizes new areas when its seeds are dispersed by birds. Once it reaches an area, L. camara spreads quickly by coppicing. It is resistant to fire, and quickly colonizes burnt areas.[16] It has become a serious obstacle to the natural regeneration of important native species including the Saal Tree (Shorea robusta) in Southeast Asia, as well as plants in 22 other countries. In greenhouses, L. camara is notorious for attracting whiteflies.[7][17] In India it bears fruit year-round.[18]

While considered a pest in Australia, it shelters several native marsupial species from predators, and offers a habitat for native bees of genus Exoneura, which nest in the hollow stems of the plant.

L. camara has been listed as a Category One Invasive Toxic Species in Florida by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, and has become a problem in Texas and Hawaii.[2][17]

Uses

Some household furniture, such as tables and chairs are made from the stalks, or the small branches are bundled together to make brooms.[8]

Medicinal

A methanolic extract of L. camara has anti-ulcer activity in rats in laboratory studies.[19] Extracts of the fresh leaves are traditionally used in Brazil as antipyretics, carminatives, and treatments for respiratory infections.[20] Verbascoside, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, has been isolated from L. camara.[21]

Ornamental

This is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant. It is not affected by pests or disease, has low water requirements, and is tolerant of extreme heat. It is attractive to butterflies, and is used in butterfly gardens in the United States.[2] The wild species may have short, hooked prickles, but cultivars have been bred with small, herbaceous stems. Cultivars include 'Bandana'.

Gallery

  • Twin lantana camara edit.jpg
  • Lantana camara blanca.jpg
  • Lantana 2 FR 2012.jpg
  • Lantana camara.jpg
  • Lantana Camara FR 2012.jpg

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lantana camara. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara". Floridata LC. Retrieved September 19, 2007. 
  3. ↑ Moyhill Publishing (2007). "English vs. Latin Names". Moyhill Publishing. Retrieved September 19, 2007. 
  4. ↑ New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (2007). "Lantana — fact sheet". Department of Environment and Climate Change — NSW. Retrieved September 19, 2007. 
  5. ↑ Lantana camara. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  6. ↑ Lantana camara. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005). "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: Lantana camanara" (PDF). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Retrieved September 19, 2007. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Khanna, L. S.; Prakash, R. (1983). Theory and Practice of silvicultural Systems. International Book Distributions. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Forest Invasive Species: Country Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved July 27, 2011. 
  10. ↑ Rosacia, W. Z., et al. (2004). "Lantana and Hagonoy: Poisonous weeds prominent in rangeland and grassland areas". Research Information Series on Ecosystems (Department of the Environment and Natural Resources, Republic of the Philippines) 16 (2). Retrieved July 27, 2011. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Barceloux, D. G. (2008). Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. Wiley. pp. 867–8. ISBN 978-0-471-72761-3. 
  12. ↑ Burns, D. (2001). Storey's Horse-Lover's Encyclopedia: an English & Western A-to-Z Guide. Storey Publishing. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-58017-317-9. 
  13. ↑ Herzog et al. (1996), Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge & Libreros Ferla (2000), TAMREC (2000)
  14. ↑ Carstairs, S. D., et al. (December 2010). "Ingestion of Lantana camara is not associated with significant effects in children". Pediatrics 126 (6): e1585–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1669. PMID 21041281. 
  15. ↑ ISSG database: Lantana camara (accessed 30 April 2009)
  16. ↑ Hiremath, A.; B. Sundram (2005). The Fire-Lantana Cycle Hypothesis in Indian Forests. Conservation and Society. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005). "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: List of Invasive Species". Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Retrieved September 19, 2007. 
  18. ↑ Aravind, N. A., et al. (2010). "Impact of the invasive plant, Lantana camara, on bird assemblages at Malé Mahadeshwara Reserve Forest, South India". Tropical Ecology 51 (2S): 325–338. 
  19. ↑ Sathish, R., et al. (March 2011). "Antiulcerogenic activity of Lantana camara leaves on gastric and duodenal ulcers in experimental rats". J Ethnopharmacol 134 (1): 195–7. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.049. PMID 21129476. 
  20. ↑ Barreto, F., et al. (January 2010). "Antibacterial Activity of Lantana camara Linn and Lantana montevidensis Brig extracts from Cariri-Ceará, Brazil". J Young Pharm 2 (1): 42–4. doi:10.4103/0975-1483.62211. PMC 3035883. PMID 21331189. 
  21. ↑ Herbert, J. M.; Maffrand, J. P.; Taoubi, K.; Augereau, J. M.; Fouraste, I.; Gleye, J. (1991). "Verbascoside isolated from Lantana camara, an inhibitor of protein kinase C". Journal of Natural Products 54 (6): 1595–600. doi:10.1021/np50078a016. PMID 1812212. 

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